인공산성우(人工酸性雨)가 몇 수종(樹種)의 종자발아(種子發芽), 유근생장(幼根生長) 및 묘목생장(苗木生長)에 미치는 영향(影響)

Effects of Artificial Acid Rain on Seed Germination, Radicle Growth and Seedling Growth of Several Woody Species

인위적으로 농도를 조절한 Al용액과 인공산성우처리가 4수종의 종자발아와 유근의 생장, 잎의 피해, 묘목생장에 미치는 영향을 알아 보고자, 혼합토양을 채운 pot와 발아 시험기에 종자를 파종하였다. 황산을 지하수로 묽힌 pH3.0, 4.0 및 5.0의 인공산성우와 지하수 및 Al 용액(0.5, 1.0 및 2.5 mM aluminum ammoniumsulfate)을 처리하면서 종자발아율, 유근생장, 엽피해율 및 묘목생장을 측정하여 처리간 비교분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 소나무는 pH5.0 처리구에서, 가중나무는 대조구에서, 함박꽃나무는 pH3.0 처리구에서 각각 발아 및 득묘율이 가장 높았다. 2. 묘고생장에 있어서 소나무와 리기다소나무에서는 처리간 통계적 유의차가 인정되었으나, 함박꽃나무와 가중나무에서는 통계적 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 소나무와 리기다소나무는 pH3.0 처리구에서, 함박꽃나무는 pH4.0 처리구에서, 가중나무는 대조구에서 각각 묘고가 가장 크게 나타났다. 3. 개체당 건중량에서 소나무, 리기다소나무 및 가중나무에서는 처리간 통계적 유의차가 인정되었으나, 함박꽃나무에서는 통계적 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 함박꽃나무와 가중나무는 pH4.0 처리구에서, 소나무는 pH3.0 처리구에서, 리기다소나무는 pH5.0 처리구에서 각각 최대건중량을 보였다. 4. 처리산성우의 pH 값이 작아질수록 피해엽수 및 피해개체수가 증가하는 경향이었다. 5. 토양산도는 모든 수종에서 처리간 고도의 통계적 유의차가 인정되었다. 6. 소나무의 유근생장은 용액의 산도와 Al농도간에 통계적 유의차가 인정되었다.

Artificial acid rain(pH2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0) was treated on the seeded pots of 4 species to examine its effects on germination, leaf injury and seedling growth. Aluminum ammonium sulfate solution (0.5, 1.0 and 2.5mM) and artificial acid rain (pH3.0, 4.0 and 5.0) were treated on the seeded germinators of 3 species to examine its effects on germination and radicle growth. Artificial acid rain was prepared by diluting sulfuric acid with ground water and ground water(pH6.5) was used as control. Artificial acid rain was sprayed to seeded pots three times per week. About 5mm of artificial acid rain was treated each time from early April to early October, 1991. Germination, seedling establishment, radicle growth, leaf injury and seedling growth were measured and compared among the treatments. The results were summarized as follows 1. Germination, seedling establishment rate of Pinus densiflora were highest on the pH5.0 pot whereas those of Ailanthus altissima was highest on the control pot, and those of Magnolia sieboldii showed the highest value on the pH3.0 pot. 2. The differences in seedling height of Pinus densiflora and Pinus rigida were significant among the treatment levels of acid rain, whereas those of Magnolia sieboldii and Ailanthus altissima were not significant. Seedling heights of Pinus densiflora and Pinus rigida were highest on the pH3.0 pot, and that of Magnolia sieboldii was highest on the pH4.0 pot, and that of Ailanthus altissima was highest on the control pot. 3. Seedling dry weights of Pinus densiflora. Pinus rigida, and Ailanthus altissima differed significantly among the treatments, but that of Magnolia sieboldii did not differ. Highest seedling dry weights of Magnolia sieboldii and Ailanthus altissima were observed on the pH4.0 pot, and that of Pinus densiflora was observed on the pH3.0 pot, and that of Pinus rigida was observed on the pH5.0 pot. 4. With decrease of pH value of artificial acid rain, the number of injured needle and injured individual tended to be increased. 5. The differences in effects of soil acidity were highly significant among the treatments for all species. 6. Radicle growth of Pinus densiflora differed significantly among pH levels and aluminum concentrations.