• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.246-254
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to measure college students' understanding of elderly's sexual life. Method: For this study, questionnaires were distributed to 423 students in 'K' college of Chungcheongbuk-do during the period from November 17 to December 3 2003. Result: With regard to elderly's sexual life, 38.5% of the respondents answered' very important' or 'important'. With regard to disturbances of elderly's sexual life, 56.7% of the respondents answered 'because of aging', and 53.4% answered 'because of social and moral dignity'. Of the respondents, 95.0% agreed on elderly's acquaintance with the opposite sex, and 50.8% of respondents who agreed on it answered that the reason of elderly's acquaintance with the opposite sex was to get friends. The score of college students' understanding of elderly's sexual life was 2.64 out of 4 points. Among the areas in the questionnaire on understanding of elderly's sexual life, college students' attitude toward sexual life showed the highest score. The score of the necessity of education and counseling for elderly on sexuality and acquaintance with the opposite sex was 3.11 out of 4 points. Of the respondents, 84.4% agreed on education and counseling on sexuality for elderly, and 90.0% agreed on education and counseling on acquaintance with the opposite sex for elderly. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of college students' understanding of elderly's sexual life according to their grade(F=14.241, p=.000), major(t=4.751, p=.000) and sexual attitudes(F=5.395, 0=.005). Conclusion: The survey result suggests that college students have open-hearted understanding of elderly's sexual life. But to make ordinary people accept elderly's sexual life more open-heartedly, it is necessary to develop various education and counseling programs for elderly's sexual health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.5 s.77
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• pp.22-27
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• 2006

Even though the interior of urban transit vehicle has been changed as a preventing measure against fire to make it inflammable, there remains a possibility of fire breaking out in case of gasoline etc being brought in the subway. However, there is also the possibility that in case if fire toxic gas is generated and hot air spreads in carriage it will prove very dangerous for people sitting inside. This is a comparative study where we compare simulation results with model examining the time and direction the fire spreads when it breaks out. Also there is vertical distribution of temperature in carriage where the fire spreads out. This study is about demonstrating how to establish smokeless system in urban vehicle, about its necessity, and about vehicle system restructuring. This study also makes an effort to find more advanced method for efficient fire safety in trains. In existing vehicles, in case of fire, the smoke can't go out when doors are closed and hence it spreads in whole train. Even though the method of using ventilation or exhaust established inside the carriage to throw smoke out is much better than the way of opening end doors in each carriage, this study is trying to do research on second way. Through simulation we see that in second case, even though not as good as the first one, smoke can exit through gates. Even though the first method is better, the second can also be uses to let fire out. We can know that in the first case as the smoke can exit out faster, it provides more safety for people. So this system provides better fire safety condition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1063-1072
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• 2012

Effective population size ($N_e$) is an important measure to understand population structure and genetic variability in animal species. The objective of this study was to estimate $N_e$ in Sapsaree dogs using the information of rate of inbreeding and genomic data that were obtained from pedigree and the Illumina CanineSNP20 (20K) and CanineHD (170K) beadchips, respectively. Three SNP panels, i.e. Sap134 (20K), Sap60 (170K), and Sap183 (the combined panel from the 20K and 170K), were used to genotype 134, 60, and 183 animal samples, respectively. The $N_e$ estimates based on inbreeding rate ranged from 16 to 51 about five to 13 generations ago. With the use of SNP genotypes, two methods were applied for $N_e$ estimation, i.e. pair-wise $r^2$ values using a simple expectation of distance and $r^2$ values under a non-linear regression with respective distances assuming a finite population size. The average pair-wise $N_e$ estimates across generations using the pairs of SNPs that were located within 5 Mb in the Sap134, Sap60, and Sap183 panels, were 1,486, 1,025 and 1,293, respectively. Under the non-linear regression method, the average $N_e$ estimates were 1,601, 528, and 1,129 for the respective panels. Also, the point estimates of past $N_e$ at 5, 20, and 50 generations ago ranged between 64 to 75, 245 to 286, and 573 to 646, respectively, indicating a significant $N_e$ reduction in the last several generations. These results suggest a strong necessity for minimizing inbreeding through the application of genomic selection or other breeding strategies to increase $N_e$, so as to maintain genetic variation and to avoid future bottlenecks in the Sapsaree population.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2008

School forests, an important part of the urban forest, has diverse functions and plays an important role in artificial environment. It has three main functions: educational for children, ecological for nature, and cultural for residents. In spite of its diverse functions and roles, the actual conditions and achievements of school forests have not been correctly evaluated, resulting in institutional inertia. To improve these problems, this study was synthetically conducted by the post occupancy evaluation of users(residents, teachers and students) at school forests. This study can be summarized as follows: 1. The cognition and satisfaction level of school forests supported by private organizations was higher than those by local governments. Therefore, the establishment of a post management system of private organizations is more effective than the simple financial support of local governments. 2. The frequency of use of school forests by residents was higher than that of teachers. Their purposes were mainly to rest or walk However, teachers used school forests for nature observation and education. 3. In a survey of teachers about a reform measure and problems of school forests, the necessity of a post management system and financial security were significant requests. In addition, steady publicity and education, participant program, and incentives for teachers should be considered. This study is meaningful to systematically develop and activate the school forest movement. The integrated approach to the school forest movement reflects opinions of related users and is expected to become a useful foundation in studying about the improvement of city environments.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.13 no.1 s.31
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

This study attempts to measure effectively three dimensional deformation in road slopes using digital close-range photographs. After the still video images were acquired respectively on the same multi-station geometric configuration in two epoches, photo-triangulation was rallied out respectively by conventional standard bundle adjustment and free-net bundle adjustment and the computed results were compared with those of geodetic method by total station. Three dimensional coordinates and deformation amounts were able to be derived with the RMSE of sub-millimeter and the relative accuracy of $1/30,000{\sim}1/35,000$. It was shown that free-net bundle adjustment is about 13% higher than standard bundle adjustment in the accuracy of photo-triangulation. It was ascertained that the free-net technique is able to promote fast and accurate deformation surveying without the necessity of geodetic control survey in complicated industrial sites.

• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.793-818
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore in detail $5^{th}$ grade students' understanding on the big ideas related to addition of fraction with different denominators: fixed whole unit, necessity of common measure, and recursive partitioning connected to algorithms. We conducted teaching experiments on 15 fifth grade students who had learned about addition of fractions with different denominators using the current textbook. Most students approached to the big ideas related to addition of fractions in a procedural way. However, some students were able to conceptually understand the interpretations and algorithms of fraction addition by quantitatively thinking about the context and focusing on the structures of units. Building on these results, this study is expected to suggest specific implications on instruction methods for addition of fractions with different denominators.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.69-79
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• 2018

We performs the cost-benefit analysis, an economical analysis technique, to measure the effect of a shared public supercomputer. The costs of two given alternatives, to share the public supercomputer in a national center and to employ their own supercomputers in the organizations under the necessity, will be estimated and compared for decision making. In the case of sharing, we can simply predict the cost based on the results of the previous public supercomputer. The cost of individual introduction, however, is almost unpredictable since it has a remarkable variability due to the required system performances, locations, human factor, and so on. Accordingly, an objective and valid method to estimate the cost of individual cases will be proposed in this research. Finally, we analyze the economic effect of operating public supercomputer by comparing the sharing cost with that of the individual employs. The results of analysis confirms that the sharing public supercomputer will reduce the operational cost about 10.3 billion won annually compared with the individual introduction. Accordingly, it is expected that the sharing public supercomputer will bring a considerable economical effect.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2004

This study was designed firstly to measure the job satisfaction levels of F＆B (Food ＆ Beverage) personnel in hotels by using JDI (Job Descriptive Index) and secondly to identify the effects of job satisfaction on intention to quit by job type. Of 498 respondents, there were 245 employees in the back of the house (eBOH) and 253 in the front of the house (eFOH). From an analysis on job satisfaction, total JDI, score was 136.57${\pm}$11.48 out of a maximum 210 and the payroll (14.79 out of 21, 70.4%) facet of JDI was the highest job satisfaction followed by co-workers (36.07 out of 54, 66.8%), supervision (35.37 out of 54, 65.5%), promotion (17.45 out of 27, 64.6%) and work itself (32.86 out of 54, 60.8%). In comparison between the job satisfaction of eBOH and eFOH, eFOH perceived significantly higher than eBOH for job itself (p＜.001) and total job satisfaction (p＜.01). No facets of JDI were significant by job level, but work itself (p＜.05), payroll (p＜.05), supervision (p＜.01) and promotion (p＜.05) were significant by work section in eFOH,. In addition, no facets except work itself were significant by either job level or work section in eFOH. Finally, among job satisfaction facets, payroll had a negative effect on intention to quit whereas supervision had a positive effect on it in eBOH. On the other, work itself affected intention to quit positively but promotion affected it negatively. The findings confirmed the necessity for internal marketing focusing on the lower level of job satisfaction facets and indicated that such a focus would improve organizational effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.87-93
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• 2008

The large scale shaker can be employed to measure linear and nonlinear shear moduli of soils in situ as a function of shear strain. The method involves applying dynamic loads on a surface foundation measuring the dynamic response of the soil mass beneath the foundation with embedded instrumentation. This paper focuses on the development of a framework of the inverse analysis for the interpretation of test data to estimate linear and nonlinear shear moduli of soils along with the necessity of the inverse analysis. The suggested framework is based on the nonlinear least squares but it uses two iterative loops to account for the nonlinear behavior of soil that sensors are not located. The validity of the suggested inversion framework is tested through a series of numerical parametric studies. An example use of the suggested inversion framework is also shown. Because the field condition may affect the accuracy of suggested method, it is important to conduct a preliminary inverse analysis to quantify the discrepancy between the estimated modulus and the baseline.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.42-45
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to envisage the aerobic growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica on pork, which is one of the major meat sources in Korea. The results were compared with the previously developed predictive model systems for the verification of microbial growth in a real situation during pork processing. Pork loin samples (8.0 g, 5 mm thick) were aseptically prepared and inoculated with each pathogen by immersing into the respective inoculums for one min. Each of the samples were then wrapped with PE film and stored at 5, 10, and $15^{\circ}C$ up to 36 days to measure the growth profile of the respective pathogens. The growth parameters were calculated by using Gompertz equation and were compared with the previously reported data. The predicted generation time (GT) of L. monocytogenes at 5, 10 and $15^{\circ}C$ was 28.74, 7.85 and 4.02 hr, respectively, and for Y. enterocolitica was 10.29, 4.74 and 2.50 hr, at the same temperatures respectively. In this study, the GT values predicted on pork were slightly higher than the values predicted in other studies using liquid model systems. Unlike previous reports, both the pathogens were found to grow at $5^{\circ}C$ on pork. This finding recommends the necessity of controlling the growth of both the pathogens during the slaughtering process and distribution.