• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제88권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

본 연구는 휴양림 개발에 따른 지역 주민의 영향 지각이 그들의 자연환경태도 수준에 따라 차이가 있는지를 파악하고 이를 통해 휴양림 개발 이용 관리에 따른 지역주민간 이해 충돌 소지의 파악 방법으로 자연환경태도 정보 자료가 활용될 수 있는지를 살펴보기 위하여 수행되었다. 기존 연구 문헌을 참조하여 30개 지역 주민의 개발 영향 지각 및 의견 항목을 선정하였다. 자연환경태도 측정 조사는 NEP 척도 항목을 이용하였다. 1995년 10월, 2개 휴양림 인근 지역에 거주하고 있는 지역주민에 대한 직접 방문 조사를 통하여 총 204매의 설문 자료가 수집되었다. 일반적으로 대부분의 지역주민은 휴양림 개발에 대해 낮은 경제적 효과와 부정적 환경 영향을 지각하고 있었다. 자연환경태도 수준은 지역 주민의 사회경제적 변수에 따라 유의적 차이를 보였으며 특히 연령과 학력수준 변수에서 높은 유의적 차이가 인정되었다. 지역주민의 자연환경태도 수준은 휴양림 개발 지각에 영향을 주고 있었다. 본 연구 결과 자연환경태도는 휴양림 관리의 이해 충돌 해결에 유용한 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2002

This paper presents a streetscape design for "Dangiae-Gil"which is located at 126-1 Yangpyung-2dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul and is about 500m in length and about 24m in width. The design goals are to make a green street on which people want to walk and people can walk and rest safely and pleasantly. To achieve these goals, concepts of environmentally-friendliness, placeness, safety, amenity, vitality, connectivity, and democracy are developed. For pedestrian safety, shared street concepts, such as crank, slalom etc. are adopted. The site is divided into 5 thematic spaces, such as "Village Entrance Space", "Culture Street", "Dangsan Park", "Nature Street", and "Ferry Space". The Village Entrance Space, which is an entrance of the Dangjae-Gil and a welcoming space, is for communicating information about the area. "Dangnamu"(zelkova tree) and signs are introduced here. The Culture Street is for experiencing past and present culture of the area. Colored tiles and plant boxes attached to benches are introduced. The Dangsan park is a sacred space where modem people can feel the sacredness of nature arid of being in a refuge. Dangjib, Dangnamu, multi-purpose plaza, athletic facilities, and playground for infants are introduced. The Nature Street is a space for feeling and teaming nature which has disappeared from the area leading to the river and a space for community participation. The elementary school walls were demolished and nature education spaces, such as butterfly and dragonfly garden, ecological pond, wildflower garden, etc., which are related to school education, are introduced. The Ferry Space is a space symbolizing a old ferry crossing and an entrance plaza to a bridge for "Sunyu-do\" . A boat-shaped deck, an elevator for handicap people, and parking space are introduced. In conclusion, sustainable management schemes for the site are suggested.sted.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop a new test instrument based on AAAS Benchmarks for Science Literacy, to assess k-12 students' progress in understanding nature of science (NOS). A total of 276 items were developed including 33 items for grade k-2, 36 items for grade 3-5, 78 items for grade 6-8 and 129 items for grade 9-12 and they were reviewed for validity and reliability. Key ideas that were the foundation of test items were extended, sophisticated and enriched according to the grade level. The general score of this test represents a student's cognitive state about an understanding of NOS. The result of this test can be expected to give some useful information for follow-up investigations, improving instructional design, and conducting further studies.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.314-328
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine Korean preservice science teachers' understanding of the nature of science (NOS). Thirty-one Korean preservice teachers were given an open-ended questionnaire about their understanding of NOS. The Korean preservice teachers' responses were categorized according to pattern and theme. These findings will provide information to aid in the development of curriculum and instruction to improve preservice teachers' understanding of NOS. Compared to in previous studies, Korean preservice teachers demonstrated various philosophical stances that have been suggested by philosophers of science. In addition, they were more likely to connect science to human endeavors and social needs. These results were interpreted in relation to the influence of the science methods course, secondary science curriculum, and the traditional cultural view.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.597-608
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• 2010

Software evolution is an ongoing process carried out with the aim of extending base applications either for adding new functionalities or for adapting software to changing environments. This brings about the need for estimating and determining the overall impact of changes to a software system. In the last few decades many such change/impact analysis techniques have been developed to identify consequences of making changes to software systems. In this paper we propose a new approach of estimating change/impact analysis by classifying change based on type of change classification e.g. (a) nature and (b) extent of change propagation. The impact set produced consists of two dimensions of information: (a) statements affected by change propagation and (b) percentage i.e. statements affected in each category and involving the overall system. We also propose an algorithm for classifying the type of change. To establish confidence in effectiveness and efficiency we illustrate this technique with the help of an example. Results of our analysis are promising towards achieving the aim of the proposed endeavor to enhance change classification. The proposed dynamic technique for estimating impact sets and their percentage of impact will help software maintainers in performing selective regression testing by analyzing impact sets regarding the nature of change and change dependency.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.589-594
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• 2018

We have investigated the dimensional nature of center-of-mass exciton confinement states in a CdMnTe/CdTe/CdMnTe heterostructure, where the CdTe well is too wide (144 nm) to confine both electrons and holes but able to confine whole excitons in the center-of-mass coordinate. Fine multiple photoluminescence spectra with a few meV separation were observed at 6 K. From the thickness dependence of the transition rate, they were attributed to even numbered center-of-mass exciton confinement states (N = 2, 4, 6, ${\cdots}$, 18). Dimensionality of the center-of-mass exciton confinement states was also investigated in terms of temperature dependence of radiative decay time. At low temperatures (${\leq}12K$), we found that the ground state excitons are likely localized possibly due to the barrier interface fluctuation, resulting in a constant decay time (~350 ps). With increased temperature (${\geq}12K$), localized excitons are thermally released, giving rise to a linear temperature dependence of radiative decay time as an evidence of two-dimensional nature.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.183-186
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• 2006

The growth in human has a close relationship with circumstances and there are two different types of form as a method. One of them Is a great influence of which the environment has a certain effect to human and that is called environmental effect. The other one Is a great reaction of human against the environment which is environmental experience. Human's being loved nature and conservation of nature as a living condition have already processed out for a long time. However, in these days, it is different that a special emphasis on the conservation of nature is being destroyed and it Is perceived the principal of the destruction is human itself. The Museum of Natural Environment has no doubt in a relation with conservation of nature. The main subject of this thesis Is to restore the disappearing beauty in natural environment, an importance of resources in general needs and a change in futuristic perceptions against preservation of the species. Therefore, to produce a complexity in a combination with education and entertainment to a water resource as a main theme is now relieved from its original deteriorated public information center with its simpleness. It Is purposed to secure a cultural space for a community activity and regional peculiarities, dams and lakes, localities of rivers as a main theme to specify their details, to maximize its educational space furtherance with a value as a tourist resource in particular.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4326-4344
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• 2021

The SinGAN is one of generative adversarial networks that can be trained on a single nature image. It has poor ability to learn more global features from nature image, and losses much local detail information when it generates arbitrary size image sample. To solve the problem, a non-linear function is firstly proposed to control downsampling ratio that is ratio between the size of current image and the size of next downsampled image, to increase the ratio with increase of the number of downsampling. This makes the low-resolution images obtained by downsampling have higher proportion in all downsampled images. The low-resolution images usually contain much global information. Therefore, it can help the model to learn more global feature information from downsampled images. Secondly, the attention mechanism is introduced to the generative network to increase the weight of effective image information. This can make the network learn more local details. Besides, in order to make the output image more natural, the TVLoss function is introduced to the loss function of SinGAN, to reduce the difference between adjacent pixels and smear phenomenon for the output image. A large number of experimental results show that our proposed model has better performance than other methods in generating random samples with fixed size and arbitrary size, image harmonization and editing.

• 음성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.167-179
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• 1999

The hearing mechanism is a complicated system. Sound is generated by a source that sends out air pressure or power. The pressure or power makes the sound waves. These waves reach the eardrum, or tympanic membrane, which vibrates at a rate and magnitude proportional to the nature of the sound waves. The tympanic membrane transforms this vibration into the mechanical energy in the middle ear, which in turn converts it to the hydraulic energy in the fluid of the inner ear. The hydraulic energy stimulates the sensory cells of the inner ear which send neuroelectrical impulses to the central auditory nervous system. The passive perception of auditory information starts just here. The listener gives attention to the speech sound, differentiates the sound from background noise, and integrates his experience with similar sounds. The listener then puts all of these aspects of audition into the context of the moment to identify the nature of sound. This has a major role in human communication. This paper provides an overview of the nature and characteristics of sound, the structure and function of the auditory system, and the way in which sound is processed by the auditory system.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1477-1491
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• 2017

Inspired by the multi-scale nature of hippocampal place cells, a biologically inspired model based on a multi-scale spatial representation for goal-directed navigation is proposed in order to achieve robotic spatial cognition and autonomous navigation. First, a map of the place cells is constructed in different scales, which is used for encoding the spatial environment. Then, the firing rate of the place cells in each layer is calculated by the Gaussian function as the input of the Q-learning process. The robot decides on its next direction for movement through several candidate actions according to the rules of action selection. After several training trials, the robot can accumulate experiential knowledge and thus learn an appropriate navigation policy to find its goal. The results in simulation show that, in contrast to the other two methods(G-Q, S-Q), the multi-scale model presented in this paper is not only in line with the multi-scale nature of place cells, but also has a faster learning potential to find the optimized path to the goal. Additionally, this method also has a good ability to complete the goal-directed navigation task in large space and in the environments with obstacles.