• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.151-172
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• 2008

This study searched fundamental basis of four-constitution medicine from the principle of "Yeokgyeong(易經)" that is scientific foundations of Dongmu(東武) Ijema(李濟馬)'s four-constitution medicine based on system of "Yeokgyeong(易經)" and looked into the principle of our-constitution medicine ontologically. That is to say, the translation of five phase(五行) that represented in "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" regulated that substance of five phase is spleen-earth(脾土). But four-constitution medicine mentions the substance as heart-earth(心土) in place of spleen-earth. Because of it's standpoint, the differences on meanings between spleen-earth and heart-earth on the substance of five-phase becomes motive to interpret scientific system of four-constitution medicine fundamental wrongly. For that reason, the research of this title is needed. The results was summarized as follows. First, in ontological view point of structure of four-constitution, five phase is substance and phenomenon, in other words it includes earth of unrevealed substance and wood, fire, metal and water of self-manifestation of existence. Second, in axiological view point, the four-constitution represent principles and contents of four virtues of human nature. And so the innate four virtues ontologically based on four-constitution of heaven. Therefore a human being is endowed innately benevolence, courtesy, justice, intelligence of four virtues. Third, the concept of greater and lesser of Eum(陰, yin) and Yang(陽, yang) in Dongmu(東武)'s four-constitution medicine is four-constitution in "Yeokgyeong(易經)". Greater principle(太極) and four-constitution is a relation of substance and phenomenon. Fourth, the origin and structure of four-constitution medicine includes the structure and principle of natural philosophical Eumyang and four-constitution, the human-centric theory and sciences of human nature and natural laws and medical experience of traditional oriental medicine and medical principle.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2013

건설현장에서 펜스디자인은 공공디자인으로써 건설 환경에서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 이는 사람과 자연, 자연과 건축, 건축과 문화 간에 조화를 이룰 때 사람의 감정에 많은 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 현재 중국의 건설현장에서 펜스 디자인 연구는 예술작품 수준에 머무르고 있으며, 이에 대한 연구도 미흡한 실정이다. 또한 펜스디자인과 건설현장간의 상호작용에 대한 인식이 전혀 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 기존 펜스 디자인에 대한 우수한 사례에 대한 분석을 토대로 디자인 원칙을 수립하고 이를 토대로 증강현실 기술을 활용하여, 중국 길림대학교 지질궁 박물관의 펜스디자인을 개발하는 것이다. 본 연구 결과는 건설물이 건축되는 과정을 직접 체험할 수 있는 기회를 제공하고 본 연구결과를 통해 예술적, 문화적 저변이 확대될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.126-129
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• 2014

본 연구는 과학학습의 어려움이나 낮은 흥미도의 한 원인으로 과학 교과학습에서의 중요한 통로 혹은 입구에 해당하는 문지방개념의 존재를 가정하고 특히 화학의 어떠한 개념들이 여기에 해당하는지를 알아보았다. 또한, 각 개념의 속성이 무엇이며 개념을 이해하고 "아~하"의 깨달음을 얻는 경험은 어떠했는지도 함께 알아보았다. 이를 위해, 화학 II를 학습한 239명의 고등학생이 연구에 참여하였고 설문에 대한 응답으로 화학 교과의 어려운 개념이 무엇인지, 문지방에 해당하는 개념이 무엇인지, 혹은 문지방개념을 이해한 경험이 화학 학습에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지를 설명하였다. 몰과 원자구조가 화학 교과의 문지방개념으로 제시되었고 구체적으로는 제시된 두 개념이 문지방개념이 되는 속성이 무엇인지를 집중적으로 분석하였다. 문지방을 극복하고 이해하는 것은 각자의 경험에 따르지만, 문지방개념을 분석하는 기준은 각각의 경험에 일정한 준거를 제시하여 서로 다른 경험들을 객관화 시킬뿐 아니라 개념의 과학적 의미와 본성을 잘 드러내어 준다. 특히, 교사가 제시하는 화학의 문지방개념을 조사한 사전연구와의 비교는 문지방개념의 통합적 속성이 학생들의 학습과 과학흥미도 증진에 중요함을 보여준다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제88권3호
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• pp.327-334
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• 1999

본 연구는 다면(多面) 만족(滿足) 척도(尺度) (multiple-satisfaction scale)를 이용하여 수렵인(狩獵人)의 만족(滿足) 요인(要因)을 조사하고자 수행되었다. 본 연구는 또한 수렵인의 만족 요인과 수렵 경험(經驗) 수준(水準), 그리고 수렵인의 개인적(個人的) 특성(特性)간의 관계를 알아보았다. 본 연구를 위한 자료는 1000명의 수렵인(狩獵人)을 대상으로 실시한 우편(郵便)설문에 의해 수집되었다. 요인분석(要因分析) 결과 수렵 만족에 영향(影響)을 주는 요인은 '보획(補獲)', '장비(裝備)', '자연(自然)', '사냥 기술(技術)', '탈피(脫皮)', 그리고 '사회적(社會的) 만남' 등 6가지로 분석되었다. 추출된 6개의 요인(要因)과 수렵인의 경험(經驗) 수준(水準) 변수 즉, 경력(經歷), 수렵(狩獵) 참여(參與) 일수(日數), 그리고 자신이 평가(評價)한 수렵 기술(技術) 수준과의 상관(相關)관계를 조사한 결과 이들 변수(變數)와 몇 가지 요인과의 상관관계가 발견(發見)되었다. 그러나 각 요인들과 수렵인의 개인적(個人的) 특성(特性)과는, 나이와 수렵 기술(技術)을 제외(除外)하고 아무런 차이(差異)를 발견하지 못하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.160-175
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• 2004

This study examined the knowledge and practices of scientific inquiry displayed by three student teachers and two beginning teachers at secondary levels. Observations using the instrument of OTOP designed by the research team of OCEPT (Oregon Collaborative for Excellent in the Preparation of Teachers) generalized similar teaching strategies of scientific inquiry between student and beginning teachers, such as using group work for students' first hand experience, using concrete materials for experimentation or visual tools for demonstration, using questions for factual knowledge mainly without opportunities to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed. Those scientific inquiry activities were very confirmative ones to follow the steps without opportunities of understanding nature of science or nature of scientific inquiry. However, all participants in this study hold knowledge of scientific inquiry envisioned by the National Science Education Standards [NSES] (NRC, 1996), where students identify their hypothesis, use critical and logical thinking, and consider alternative explanations through argumentation as well as experimentation. An inconsistent relationship between participating teachers knowledge and practices about scientific inquiry resulted from their lack of pedagogy skills of implementing it in the classroom. Providing opportunities for these teachers to reflect on their beliefs and practices about scientific inquiry was recommended for the future study. Furthermore, increasing college faculty interest in new teaching approaches for upgrading the content knowledge of student teachers and beginning teachers was recommended as a solution, since those teachers showed evidence of influence by college faculties at universities in their pedagogy skills.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.217-247
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• 2012

This essay attempts to read Melville's Moby-Dick as a prefiguration of American pragmatism, especially Jamesian version of it. Underlying this project is the assumption that the American Romance and James's pragmatism partake in the enduring tradition of American thoughts and imagination. Despite the commonality in their roots, the continuity between these two products of American culture has received few critical assessments. The American Romance has rarely been discussed in terms of American pragmatism in part because critics have tended to narrowly define the latter as a kind of relativistic philosophy equivalent to practical instrumentalism, political realism and romantic utilitarianism. Consequently, they have favored literary works in the realistic tradition for their textual analyses, while eschewing a more imaginative genre like the American Romance. My contention is that James's version of pragmatism is a future oriented pluralism which is unable to dispense with the power of imagination and the talent for seeing unforeseen possibilities inherent in nature and culture. James's pragmatism is in tune with the American Romance in that it savours the attractions of alternative possibilities created by the genre in which the imaginary world is imbued with the actual one. The pragmatic impulse in Moby-Dick finds its finest expression in the words and acts of Ishmael. Through this protean narrator, Melville renders the text of Moby-Dick symbolic, fragmentary and thereby pluralistic in its meaning. With his rhetoric of incompletion and by refraining from totalizing what he experiences, Ishmael shuns finality in truth and entices the reader to join his intellectual journey with a non-foundational notion of truth and meaning in view. Ishmael also envisages pragmatists' beliefs that experience is fluid in nature and the universe is in a constant state of becoming. Yet Ishmael as the narrator of Moby-Dick is more functional than foundational.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.235-254
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• 2020

Through this study, we aimed to capture the nature of a mathematics method course, called "the Curriculum Development and Teaching Methods in Mathematics Education" which is a pedagogy course for teaching for secondary school mathematics taught at a university located in a south eastern part of South Korea. The research participants include three junior students who took the methods course and a local high school math teacher with two professors. The research has three parts. First, we designed a method course to prepare the junior or senior students for a teaching practicum. The individual students gave a mini lecture about a secondary mathematical topic as a course requirement. Second, the three students watched a classroom video-clip of the high school teacher and analyzed his instruction before the actual classroom visits. Furthermore, by "Let's Learn" program for students, the course was associated with a local community through the students and so that they could visit the teacher's classroom three times to observe his math classroom teaching. The students discussed the difference between their own mini lectures and the actual math classroom teaching to develop an understanding of what it entails to teach an actual math class. Third, the first author supervised the students' activities in the program including their report for it to bring out their findings to the class of the method course. We found out this method course provided the students with the experience of various aspects of actual math lesson as well as learning theories about the pedagogy for teaching for secondary school mathematics. We conclude that this course gives a model for the method course in mathematics education for secondary school mathematics.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.917-929
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to explore types of postpartum depression and to understand the nature and structure of the postpartum depression by using Q-methodological approach. As a way of research, 55 statements concerning postpartum depression were selected through individual interviews with postpartum mothers and literature review. 30 women were chosen as a subject group for the study, with opinions shown in 55 statements divided into 9 scales by forced distribution. PC QUANL Program was used for analysis and Q-factors were analyzed by using principal component analysis. As a result, postpartum depression experience was classified into 5 types. There are "Role-Strain Type", "Unattributional Depression Type", "Psychosomatic Symptoms Type", "Self-Compassion Type", and "Role-Crisis Type". Type I was named "Role-Strain Type", referring to the strain generally experienced by mothers with regard to the new role as a mother and as a social member. Type II was named "Unattributional Depression Type", referring to the symptom experienced by people who were in a state of vanity and a sense of loss. They often break into tears for no specific reasons. In case of Type III, people in a state of "Psychosomatic Symptoms Type" develop physical symptoms after suffering from inherent emotional conflict. Type IV was named "Self-Compassion Type" refers to the symptom shown by those who feel pity for their children and for themselves. And they show inability to cope with the reality properly. Type V was named "Role -Crisis Type", which is experienced by people who have a burden and a severe fear of their own job and their children in their mind, also showing serious conflict with maternal role. Futhermore, it was carried out to examine structure of postpartum depression in terms of degree of depression and adjustment ability. Type I showed mild degree of depression and relatively good adjustment ability. Type II showed broad range of degree in depression and moderate adjustment ability. Type III showed moderate depression and relatively low adjustment ability. Type IV revealed relatively serious degree of depression and the lowest adjustment ability. Type V revealed very serious degree of depression and the lowest adjustment ability. As a result, considering the structure of postpartum depression. Type I is considered to be a normal depression sympton which most mothers generally experience, followed by Type II, Type III, Type IV and Type V, each of which show increasingly worse degree of depression and lower adjustment ability. In conclusion, it seems to be it is necessary to understand distinct symptoms of postpartum depression and to examine the characteristics and structure of those types, so that it could lead to more individual nursing approach.cteristics and structure of those types, so that it could lead to more individual nursing approach.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.434-450
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• 2001

This study is designed to understand the meaning and nature of raising children with cerebral palsy. It researches the experience of mothers of schoolchildren with cerebral palsy by the research method of hermeneutic phenomenology. The study was conducted from November 10, 1999 to December 20, 2000. When children with cerebral palsy usually show symptoms in the early stage of cerebral palsy, mothers do not take children to a doctor for diagnosis. And, most of mothers have a difficult time to accept the reality; they usually respond to the initial diagnosis with shock, reproach, and deny. When mothers start recognizing the reality, they consider that their children have cerebral palsy due to the their mismanagement during pregnancy, delivery, nursing, and initial treatment. They shelter their children from view and feel guilty that they cannot afford to try folk remedies for their children. As time passes, mothers face conflicts between families in diverse ways. Families put the blame on genetic effects. Mothers-in-law give their daughters-in-law a hard time, husbands shift the responsibility of raising children onto their wives, and trouble arises between families-in-law and mothers native families. When children grow up, it is physically difficult for mothers to take care their children. In addition, they suffer from all the troubles in family due to childrens handicap. Mothers try the diverse methods of bringing up children. However, they start getting tired of raising children as they experience failures and financial difficulties. Mothers feel collapsed recalling the ways of raising children. They feel anxiety, miserable, lonely, and worrying when they think how children would attend school, make friends, and live in the future. In this stage, mothers do their best to raise their children with hope. They tend to compare their children with others without handicap and spend money and time in attempting all the treatments. When mothers and children join the society at school, they find that the society does not understand disabled people, teachers show inconsiderate attitude, friends avoid them, and children hardly follow classes. Such experiences make mothers feel angry and frustrated. However, when children adapt to school, mothers see the possibility that children could accomplish schoolwork. They appreciate teachers help and others consideration. Mothers place appropriate expectations on their children and help them to prepare for the future. I would make following suggestions based on the results. 1. As a primary basic course of rehabilitation nursing intervention, solution-centered nursing intervention system should be developed. The intervention needs to be based on the understanding of mothers, who raise children with cerebral palsy, through in-depth interview. 2. Advance researches on the development of individual nursing intervention should be conducted. Individual nursing intervention needs to prevent and release actual pain focusing on mothers raising children with cerebral palsy. 3. Integrated curriculum that help children with cerebral palsy lead a normal school life with ordinary children should be developed. 4. Basic research on using of facilities and effective application of service volunteer to help children with cerebral palsy in school needs to be conducted.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2009

목적: 본 연구는 Q-방법을 적용하여 배우자 사별여성들의 경험에 대한 주관성 유형을 확인하고 그 특성을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 방법: Q-모집단은 문헌고찰과 사별한지 2년 미만의 배우자 사별 여성 5인의 면담을 통하여 209개의 진술문을 추출하여 구성되었다. Q-표본은 Q-모집단 진술문들을 통합, 범주화한 후 자문을 거쳐 46개의 진술문으로 선정되었다. P-표본은 사별한지 2년 미만의 배우자 사별 여성 13인을 대상으로 선정되었으며, 2004년 10월부터 2006년 12월까지 연구자가 개인면담을 진행하였다. 이들 P-표본 대상자들은 Q-표본 진술문을 강제정규분포 방식으로 Q-분류하였다. 자료는 Quanl PC 프로그램으로 처리하여 유형을 분류하고, 그 특성을 파악하였다. 결과: 배우자를 사별한 여성들의 경험은 2개의 유형 즉, 상실고통형과 수용적응형으로 분류되었다. 상실고통형은 비교적 젊은 나이의 남편과 예측하지 못한 사별을 한 후 얼마 되지 않는 여성들로, 이들은 남편의 빈자리를 정서적, 가정적, 사회경제적 영역에서 크게 느끼면서 불안감, 외로움, 죄책감 등이 높은 특성을 지녔다. 수용적응형은 어느 정도 예측된 고인의 죽음을 수용하는 태도를 보이며, 어려움을 신앙과 성숙으로 극복하여, 긍정적으로 세상을 대하며, 새로운 삶에 재적응하는 모습을 보여주고 있다. 결론: 이상의 연구결과 배우자를 사별한 여성들은 공통적으로는 모두 사별로 인한 슬픔과 고통을 느끼고 있었으나 죽음의 성격, 사별기간, 개인 성격과 영적상태에 따라 상실고통형과 수용적응형으로 유형화할 수 있었다. 따라서 사별가족관리 전문가들은 배우자를 사별한 여성들의 유형을 파악하여 각 유형에 맞는 사별돌봄 전략을 개발하여 섬세한 돌봄을 제공하여야 하겠다.