• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.334-342
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• 2019

This study is empirically intended to look into the effects of parents' perception of their children's forest experience activities on educational effectiveness. The results were as follows. First, parents' perception of forest experience operation activities had a significant effect on educational effectiveness according to the period of participation in forest experience education. And their perception of the appropriate number of teachers to support forest experience had a significant effect on educational effectiveness. Second, parents' perception - which it is appropriate for the current daycare centers to participate in forest experience every day except a day with a lot of fine dust and a day with bad weather- had a significant effect on educational effectiveness. And their perception of appropriate forest experience places had a significant effect on educational effectiveness. Third, parents' perception of appropriate time in the day for forest experience activities had a significant effect on educational effectiveness. Fourth, parents' perception of their children's forest experience activities had a significant effect on communication. As for the above-stated findings, there was a significant difference in educational effectiveness and communication according to parents' perception of their children's overall forest experience activities. Consequently, there is the differences in their perception of educational effectiveness in the number of teachers in charge due to outdoor activities, the relationship with weather due to fine dust, forest experience places, education time, etc, indicating that these common concerns are related to the safe educational activities of children.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.25
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• pp.343-388
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• 1993

The ability of any organization to innovate itself in a rapid change of environment means the existence of the organization. Innovative activity is achieved in different ways according to the objectives of organization. the characteristics of external environmental factors. and various attributes in organization. In the present study. all the existing approaches to the innovative nature of organization were synthetically compared to each other and evaluated: then. for a more rational approach. a research model was built and suggested by establishing the inclusive variables of the innovative nature of library organization and categorizing the types of such nature. Additionally. an empirical. analytical study on such a model was done. That is. paying regard to the fact that innovation has basically a close relation with the circumstantial factors of organization. synthetic, circumstantial relations were clarified. considering the external environmental factors and internal characteristics of organization. In the study. the innovation of library organization was seen in two parts i.e .. the feasible degree of technical innovation and the feasible degree of administrative innovation. Regarding the types of innovative implementation. according to the feasible degree of innovation, four types such as a stationary type. technic-oriented type, organization-oriented type. and technical-socio systematic type were classified. There were nine independent variables-i.e., the scale of organization. available resources of the organization, formalization, differentiation, specialization. decentralization, recognizant degree of the technical attribute. degree of response to the change of technical environment, and professional activities. There were three subordinate variables - i.e., technical innovation, administrative innovation. and the performance of organization. Through establishment of such variables, the factors which might influence the innovation of library organization were understood, and with the types of the innovative implementation of library organization being classified according to the feasible degree of innovation. the characteristics of library organization were reviewed in the light of each type. Also. the performance of library organization according to the types of the innovative implementation of library organization was analyzed. and the relations between the types of innovative implementation according to circumstantial variables and the performance of library organization were clarified. In order to clarify the adequacy of the research model in the methodology of empirical study, data were collected from 72 university libraries and 38 special libraries. and for a hypothetical test of the research model. an analysis of correlations, a stepwise regression analysis. and One Way ANOVA were utilized. The following are the major results or findings from the study 1) It appeared there is a trend that the bigger the scale of organization and available resources are, the more active the professional activity of the managerial class is, and the higher the recognizant degree of technical environment (recognizant degree of technical attributes and the degree of response t9 the change of technical environment) is, the higher the feasible degree of innovation becomes. 2) It appeared that among the variables influencing the feasible degree of technical innovation, the order from the variable influencing most was first, the recognizant degree of technical innovation: second, the available resources of organization: and third, professional activity. Regarding the variables influencing the feasible degree of administrative innovation from the most influential variable, it appeared they were the available resources of organization, the differentiation of organization. and the degree of response to the change of technical environment. 3) It appeared that the higher the educational level of the managerial class is, the more active the professional activity becomes. It seemed there is a trend that the group of library managers whose experience as a librarian was at the middle level(three years to six years of experience) was more active in research activity than the group of library managers whose experience as a librarian was at a higher level(more than ten years). Also, it appeared there is a trend that the lower the age of library managers is, the higher the recognizant degree of technical attributes becomes. and the group of library managers whose experience as a librarian was at the middle level (three years to six years of experience) recognized more affirmatively the technical aspect than the group of library managers whose experience as a librarian was at a higher level(more than 10 years). Also, it appeared that, when the activity of the professional association and research activity are active, the recognizant degree of technology becomes higher, and as a result. it influences the innovative nature of organization(the feasible degree of technical innovation and the feasible degree of administrative innovation). 4) As a result of the comparison and analysis of the characteristics of library organization according to the types of innovative implementation of library organization. it was indicated there is a trend that the larger the available resources of library organization, the higher the organic nature of organization such as differentiation. decentralization, etc., and the higher the level of the operation of system development, the more the type of the innovative implementation of library organization becomes the technical-socio systematic type which is higher both in the practical degrees of technical innovation and administrative innovation. 5) As a result of the comparison and analysis of the relations between the types of innovative implementation and the performance of organization, it appeared that the order from the highest performance of organization is the technical-socio systematic type, then the technic-oriented type, the organization­oriented type, and finally the stationary type which is lowest in such performance. That is, it demonstrated that, since the performance of library organization is highest in the library of the technical-socio systematic type while it is lowest in the library whose practical degrees in both technical innovation and administrative innovation are low, the performance of library organization differs significantly according to the types of innovative implementation of library organization. The present study has extracted the factors influencing innovation, classified systematically the types of innovative implementation, and inferred the synthetical, circumstantial correlations between the types and the performance of organization, and empirically inspected those factors. However, due to the present study's restrictive matters and the limit of the research design, results from the study should be more prudently interpreted. Also, the present study, as an investigative study of the types of innovative implementation, with few preceding studies, requires more complete hypothetical inference based on the results of the present study. In other words, if more systematical studies are given to understanding the relations, it will devote the suggestion and demonstration of a more useful theory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.14
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• pp.167-183
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• 1990

As an attempt to view Chason costume from a aesthetic perspective, the aesthetic values of the Choson people, as expressed through the aesthetic characteristics of costumes, are pursued in this study. To appreciate the beauty of the traditional Korean costume, the following aesthetic characteristics of Choson costumes are investigated: form, color, pattern, material and ornament. From the view point of aesthetics, this study shows that Choson costume had comfortable and voluminous forms with beautiful curved lines and rhythm. The most favored colors were white and natural colors of materials. However unusual combination of colors such as the contrast of black and white, the harmony of the primary and rainbow colors were often used. Patterns revealed two aspects : while subdued patterns generally prevail, at times the unexpected beauty of primary colored patterns draws our attention. Smooth natural materials were preferred. Ornaments both for practical and decorative purposes were used together with certain colors and patterens, indicating wearer's status and warding off the evil's spirits. The aesthetic values in costumes as expressed through the aesthetic characteristics can be classified into the following categories: the beauty of nature, the beauty of personality, the aesthetics of evil's eye and the beauty of tradition. The beauty of nature, as appreciated by the Chason people through their prevailing nature, the "Pung-rew Spirit" and through their Worship of Heaven, produced aesthetic characteristics in harmony with nature. The beauty of personality influenced by the ethical standard of Confucianism produced aesthetic characteristics in costumes, through which the appropriate personality was shown for the appropriate social status. On the other hand, the aesthetics of evil's eye, rooted deeply in Folk religion and Shamanism, contributed to various aesthetic characteristics, which strongly inclined to sorcery and symbolism through choice of patterns, colors and ornaments. Finally, the beauty of tradition, which was based on the ethics of Confucianism and the Choson people's conservative tendencies, demonstrated the strong tendency to adhere to the external characteristics of the Choson costume. These aesthetic values were the yardsticks of the aesthetic judgment of the Choson people. These values influenced Chason people in designing costumes and in appreciating the beauty of costumes. The aesthetic experience and attitudes of the Chason people, which were based on these aesthetic values, represented their aesthetic consciousness and desires.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2002

This landscape design was proposed for the Buchon Special School Competition, held by the Kyonggi Province Office of Education. The authors collaborated on this design and won first prize in November of 2001. In the design proposal, on the basis of the knowledge of; mentally retarded children the children's activities, nature and health, and the healing gardens, the special school outdoor spaces were designed to meet the particular needs of the users. The school outdoor spaces are design for various types of users-children, adolescents, parents, siblings, staff, volunteers and visitors. The following are some of the basis concerns in the design of the school outdoor spaces : garden site planning, garden location, security, microclimate, entering and exiting, accessibility, usability, user group territories, supervision, attracting trained volunteers, a range of high-quality social settings, accommodation of different student types, accommodation of needs for both challenge and rest, child nature interaction, diversity of natural settings, hands-on activity, integrating the arts, and maintenance. The following are some of the major features in the design of school outdoor spaces : pleasant and inviting entry areas, sports grounds with different levels of challenge, gardens with plants having strong fragrances and/or tactile qualities, resting places with many types and forms of seating and weather-mitigating features, play grounds for all student types, roof gardens for users to experience nature in man-made environments, and walkways and winding paths with various trees, shrubs and flowers. In the special school outdoor spaces, people would perceive a unique sense of place through the various types of spaces and features described above. An example of the true meaning of a playing and resting place and a restorative and therapeutic environment is provided in the school outdoor spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.15-23
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• 2019

This study aims to suggest a Biophilic classroom design of high school to obtain attention restoration for students. The learning space for youth in the modern society is composed of dry artificial structures. This space is considered to be a space that can not relieve stress caused by learning. "The Attention Restoration Theory" is divided into "Directed Attention" of humans, which is the cause of fatigue and stress, and "Involuntary Attention" as a solution to it. "Involuntary Attention" takes place in a rest state and helps the brain recover when exposed to nature. And the core of "Biophilic-Design Theory" is that humans can recover physical and mental conditions when exposed to nature. The purpose of this study is to apply "The Biophilic-Design Theory" that emphasizes the importance of exposure to nature to the educational space and plan the space where the 'Attention Restoration' can be achieved. The research method is as follows. First, we review previous studies related to "The Biophilic-Design Theory" and "The Attention Restoration Theory". Second, we analyze the application examples of "The Biophilic-Design Theory" and "The Attention Restoration Theory" in domestic and foreign educational spaces. Third, the concept of educational space is set up based on the elements derived from previous studies. Finally, we propose the planning direction of classroom design based on Biophilic-Design. The following conclusions were drawn. First, The creation of the education space to restore the learner's attention requires a visual space plan that utilizes natural elements such as natural light, artificial light, plants, and natural materials that can directly experience nature. Second, the direction in which students in the classroom can be "The Attention Restoration Theory" should consider the use of indirect natural elements that bring the surrounding natural landscape into the interior. This study will be used as the baseline data for the spatial design and planning of education facilities based on Biophilic-Design.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2019

There are more and more citizens suffering from severe fatigue, and they wish to escape from it and spend their leisure time for healing. As a result, buildings and complexes are being constructed nationwide with healing as their theme. Particularly, they tend to build facilities with concepts like a spa, beauty, healing, meditation, nature, or forest healing. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of healing environment and the nationwide tendencies of building facilities with healing as their theme and also investigate the planning characteristics of complexes and architecture with three representative complexes as examples. Complexes intended for healing have immersion into nature being freed from one's routine as their concept. When planning the flow of human traffic within the complexes, they try to obtain the autonomy of choice as well as the diversity of space and experiential factors in order to provide opportunities for experiencing nature. In the complexes selected for a case study here, they have planned the factors of physical environment that are associated with one another based on architectural education programs using red clay, programs specializing poetry, and healing programs using food. Typically, this is centered around outdoor experiential space, indoor meditation and education space, or fitness space. Also, it is characterized by the planning of physical environment and the complex operation of programs. Particularly, public space is divided into communal space, resting space, and health and treatment space, and health/resting space is mainly intended for health and exercise, for example, fitness, spas, or jjimjilbang (Korean dry saunas). Also, it is characterized by the planning of pitched roofs harmonized with nature and also facade planning that can positively adopt the factors of natural environment.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.148-157
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to develop an artificial intelligence-based marine ecological education program to improve the ecological sensitivity of elementary school students. The program was taught 11 times within 4 weeks, and an ecological sensitivity test was conducted before and after the program. The statistical results of the tests showed that the developed program improved the ecological sensitivity of elementary school students. Through in-depth interviews, improvements were found in all the areas, such as empathy for the living things, interest in nature, enjoyment of nature, and wonder about nature. Through the marine ecological classes, which used artificial intelligence and virtual reality, the students were able to get closer to nature, and the student participation activities showed a positive effect on their ecological sensitivity. This indicates that experience-oriented education methods are more effective than simple explanatory classes to improve the students' ecological sensitivity, and artificial intelligence technology proved effective in increasing the students' immersion in the class.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.161-184
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• 2014

The dramatic rise of experience space using cultural heritage in modern architecture has been generally acknowledged in recent literature. The present study aims to investigate effective ways to enhance competitiveness in local experience space, with an emphasis on the use of cultural heritage in modern architecture. Using the case of the Sam-Rae Arts Village in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk, this study analyzes the characteristics of the 4Es in experience economy theory. In order to arrive at findings that represent the variety of perspectives found in this context, qualitative interviews were conducted with three groups: public officials, maintenance staff in the experience center, and field experts. The results of this study revealed that the Visual Media Art Museum and Book Wooks were used for entertainment, the Corpentry Shop for education, the Book Museum for escapism, and the Design Museum Culture $Caf{\acute{e}}$ The O's for aestheticism. Additionally, depending on the commercial potential of the respective experience space, the Corpentry Shop, Book Wooks, and the Culture $Caf{\acute{e}}$ The O's were used for profit purposes while the Design Museum and the Visual Media Art Museum for non-profit. Based on the findings of the present study, effective ways to enhance competitiveness in the local experience space are suggested. First, the public nature of cultural enjoyment may be realized in a field that bears non-profit characteristics. In exhibiting works, the experience space could suggest the extra demonstration. Second, in the for-profit experience hall, the securing of tourists may help to maximize profit. In so doing, a variety of experience programs and activity spaces could be provided internally, while advertisement marketing through mobile and SNS could be reinforced externally.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.87-101
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• 2010

This research has a significance on providing basic material of landscape ecological planning and open space planning of the future site by selecting Sinseo innovative city area, large residential land development district in rural area, by classifying biotope types and implementing recreational value assessment in the level of area. First of all, as a result of classification of biotope types in research site, total 11 biotope type groups including stream biotope and its subordinate 51 biotope types. Also, as a result of the first value assessment of classified biotopes, there are total 5 types such as vegetation-full natural river, fallow ground in I grade. In addition, it is analyzed that grade II have 18 types, III are 10, IV are 12, the least valuable V are 6. Especially, grassland biotope(GD) was classified into grade II, which is one grade raised, because it is analyzed that it has high value in terms of normal access and availability although it was assessed as grade ill in terms of natural experience quality. Lastly, as a result of the second assessment, special areas for natural experience and recreation(1a, 1b) are 15, areas for natural experience and recreation(2a, 2b, 2c) are 47. Especially, the 52th drawing mark space was grade II in the first assessment but its value grade was upgraded because of its high value in terms of use evidence, size of the area, accessibility with housing area, history and cultural character and so on.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.147-159
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• 2014

This study aims to draw up a basic plan to construct an agricultural theme park in a farming city as a way of establishing its regional identity represented by "Three Whites". Sangju, Kyongsangbuk-do which is the subject area of the study has been well-known for "Three Whites (rice, silkworm cocoon and dried persimmon)." The purpose of the study is to take a closer look at the folk life and culture of Sangju and develop tourism resources to promote regional development and competitiveness of the city. This study was conducted in several phases in consideration of the characteristics of plan and design, on the basis of the theoretical review of agricultural tourism. In the first phase, planning conditions were analyzed as per development objectives. In the second phase, strategies and concepts were established for the theme park, based on which development methods were decided by phase and facility. Then, a preliminary review was conducted on functions and facilities to introduce to the theme park. In the third phase, a comprehensive plan was drawn up, which includes basic plans for respective parts. In consideration of the characteristics of the study, construction was not looked at in detail. The total size of land subject to the study is approx. $97,960m^2$, which was divided into four separate zones--Sambaek Cultural Experience Zone, Natural Observation & Experience Zone, Agricultural Life Experience Zone and other facilities zone--in order to connect facilities, functions and experience with the physical characteristics of the city, and separate space planning was conducted for each zone. The outcome of the study carries significance as an example of alternative tourism which considers regional characteristics, develops local resources and makes use of obsolete rural facilities, in what is called the eco-friendly development where nature and eco-system, landscape and culture, and recreation and leisure come together as one.