• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.159-163
• /
• 2018

Two new polyketides, chinoketides A and B (1 - 2) with a known compound xylarphthalide A (3), were isolated from the solid medium of the endophytes from the leaves of the relic plant Distylium chinense with the "black-box" co-culture method, and the structures of two new compounds were elucidated by NMR, MS and CD spectra. And the absolute configurations of chinoketides A (1) and B (2) were determined as 2R,3R,8S and 5R,6S by calculating their ECD spectra to compare with the experimental CD spectra. Finally, the antimicrobial activities were evaluated to Erwinia carotovora sub sp. Carotovora (Jones) Bersey et al, and the results showed that compounds 1 - 3 displayed the antimicrobial activities with MIC value at 20.5, 30.4 and $10.2{\mu}g/mL$.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.411-414
• /
• 2005

Clean Natural is a new disinfectant of which main components are propolis and wood vinegar from Quercus mongolica. The mutagenicity of Clean Natural was studied by a micronucleus test in male ICR mice. The maximally tolerated dose (MTI) of Clean Natural was determined to >2.0 g/kg body weight. Therefore, the doses adopted for the micronucleus test was 2.0 g/kg as a high dose, 1.0 g/kg as a medium and 0.5 g/kg as a low of dose, respectively. Each of group was consisted of three doses of Clean Natural, positive control 2 mg/kg of mitomycin C and negative control 20 ml/kg of saline. A slide preparation was made at 24 hours following administration. No significant induction of micronuclei was observed in any of the three doses of Clean Natural orally administered. No cytotoxicity such as inhibition of hemopoiesis was observed in any group of test agent as the rate of polychromatic erythrocytes to total erythrocytes was over 40%. These results indicate that Clean Natural is not capable of inducing micronuclei in vivo mouse cells and thus has no genotoxicity in micronucleus test.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.713-720
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 톱밥주원료 버섯부산물의 효과적 사료화를 위한 균주개발을 목적으로 버섯부산물로부터 섬유소분해력이 높은 고온성 균주를 분리 동정하고 균주생산을 위한 배지의 최적화 조건을 도출하고자 실시하였다. Xylanase와 CMCase 활력이 상대적으로 우수한 것으로 선발된 고온성 균은 3, 201-7번으로서 동정한 결과 Bacillus spp.에 속하는 균주로 B. subtilis KU3, B. subtilis KU201-7로 각각 명명하였다. 균주생산을 위한 최적 액상배양조건에 있어서 B. subtilis KU3은 질소원으로 yeast extract 3%(w/v)에서, 탄소원으로 maltose 1%(w/v)에서 성장이 가장 좋았다. B. subtilis KU201-7은 질소원으로 yeast extract 0.5%(w/v)에서, 탄소원으로 CMC 0.5%(w/v)에서 성장이 가장 좋았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.374-380
• /
• 2006

In this study, glucose, sucrose, and dextrin were found to be better carbon sources for the production of pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001. Maximal production of pullulan with 200 g/l sucrose as a carbon source was 54.2 g/l. The highest yield of pullulan from sucrose was 0.40, when the sugar concentration was 100 g/1. Optimal conditions for the continuous production of pullulan by A. pullulans HP-2001 in a 7-1 bioreactor were determined by studying the effects of composition of feed solution, dilution rate, and concentration of sucrose in the feed solution. Pullulan concentration and productivity with 100 g/l glucose and 2.5 g/l yeast extract were 38.1 g/l and 0.53 g/l h for 72 h, respectively, in a batch culture of A. pullulans HP-2001. When the substituted medium contained 100 g/l sucrose, 2.5 g/l yeast extract, and mineral salts, which is the same composition as the medium for the production of pullulan, the pullulan concentration and productivity were 74.9 g/l and 0.55 g/l h for 120 h, respectively. The production of pullulan at the steady state increased with a dilution rate up to 0.015/h, and its concentration was 78.4 g/l with a weight average molecular weight ($M_w$) of $4.0{\times}10^5$. Unlike a batch culture, however, the decline of the $M_w$ and the number average molecular weight ($M_n$) of pullulan was not found in the continuous culture of A. pullulans HP-2001. When the concentration of sucrose in the feed solution was 200 g/l, 113.5 g/l of pullulan was obtained at the steady state. The steady state was maintained longer in the continuous culture fed with the feed solution containing 200 g/l sucrose than when fed with the feed solutions containing either 100 or 150 g/l sucrose.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.264-269
• /
• 2008

$\beta$-Amylase를 생산하여 전분 분해능을 갖는 산업용 효모를 개발하기 위해 산업용 Saccharomyces cerevisiae에서 Achlya bisexualis $\beta$-amylase (BAMY)유전자를 ADC1 promoter에 연결하여 구성적으로 발현시켰다. 효모의 형질전환은 $\delta$-서열을 재조합 부위로 하는integration 시스템을 이용하였다. Integration 시스템의 세균 유전자 부분은 제거되고 BAMY 유전자와 $\delta$-서열을 갖고 있는 짧은integrative cassette를 제조하였다. BAMY 유전자를 발현하는 재조합 S. cerevisiae 형질전환체는 세포외 배지로 45 kDa의 $\beta$-amylase를 분비하였고, $\beta$-amylase 활성은 A. bisexualis에 비해 약 18.5배 높았다. 형질전환체에 다중도입된 BAMY 유전자는 비선택배지에서 100세대 생장 후에도 안정되게 유지되었다. 각종전분을 기질로 했을 매 $\beta$-amylase의 활성은soluble starch를 기질로 했을 경우와 유사하게 높았고, 가수분해산물 분석 결과 maltose가 주 분해산물이었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1986

인삼의 부산물중에서 박의 활용가능성을 조사하기 위하여 박의 구성성분, ext의 DPPH 환원력, 효모생육에 미치는 영향 및 효모균체내의 amino acid함량등에 미치는 영향등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 박내에는 총당이 43~46%, 조단백이 14~15%, n-BuOH ext함량은 0.18% 였으며 alcohol박의 물ext는 alcohol ext에 비해 약 46%정도의 DPPH환원력이 남아있었으며 박ext를 첨가하고 효모를 배양시켰을 때 효모의 생육에 필요한 영양물질이나 생육을 촉진하는 물질이 박ext내에 존재하고 있다는 것을 알았으며 알콜박의 물추출물을 첨가하여 배양한 효모균체의 amino acid함량이 다른 ext를 첨가한 효모균체보다 많았다. 박에 cellulase를 0.1%, 20분간 처리로 박ext의 수율을 250%정도 증가시킬 수 있었다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2008

Plasminogen activators (PAs) are serine protease that cleave plasminogen to form the active protease plasmin. PA/plasmin system playa role in mammalian fertilization and motility and acrosome reaction of sperm. The present study was undertaken to identify PAs in porcine gametes and investigate a possible role of plasminogen in in vitro fertilization in the pig. When boar spermatozoa were preincubated in a fertilization medium (mTBM) for 0, 2, 4 or 6 h, the activity of tPA-PAI ($110{\sim}117\;kDa$), tPA ($62{\sim}70\;kDa$), and uPA ($34{\sim}38\;kDa$) was observed in the sperm incubation medium and sperm sample. PA activities in the sperm incubation medium significantly (p<0.05) increased according to increasing incubation times, while PA activities in sperm significantly (p<0.05) decreased at the same times. In addition, the rate of acrosome reaction in spermatozoa increased by increasing culture times. When oocytes were separated from porcine cumulus-oocytes complexes at 0, 22 or 44 h of maturation culture, no PA activities were observed in cumulus free-oocyte just after aspiration from follicles. However, the activity of tPA-PAI ($108{\sim}113\;kDa$) and tPA ($75{\sim}83\;kDa$) was observed at 22 h of in vitro culture and significantly (p<0.05) increased as the duration of the culture increased. On the other hand, when porcine oocytes were activated by sperm penetration or calcium ionophore, plasminogen significantly (p<0.05) increased ZP dissolution time (sec) in activated oocytes by sperm penetration. These results suggest that supplementation of plasminogen to fertilization medium may playa positive role in the improvement of in vitro fertilization ability in the pig.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2022

Polar microorganisms produce physiologically active substances to adapt to harsh environments, and these substances can be used as biomedical compounds. The green microalga Micractinium variabile KSF0031, which was isolated from Antarctica, produced phytol, a natural antimicrobial agent. Furthermore, several polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including omega-3, exhibit antioxidant properties. Here statistical methods (Plackett-Burman design and Box-Behnken design) were used to optimize the culture medium of KSF0031 to improve biomass production, and K₂HPO₄, MgSO₄·7H ₂O, and ammonium ferric citrate green (AFCg) were selected as significant components of the culture medium. Changes in the concentration of K₂HPO₄ and MgSO₄·7H ₂O as positive factors and AFCg as a negative factor affected cell growth to a remarkable degree. The biomass production in a 100 L culture using the optimized medium for 24 d at 18℃ was improved by 37.5% compared to that obtained using the original BG-11 medium. The quantities of PUFAs and phytol obtained were 13 mg g^-1 dry cell weight (DCW) and 10.98 mg g^-1 DCW, which represent improved yields of 11.70% and 48.78%, respectively. The results of this study could contribute to an improved production of phytol and fatty acids from Antarctic microalgae in the biomedical industry.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.216-220
• /
• 1995

cDNA for human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), a potent atherogenic plasma protein that redistributes the neutral lipids among lipoproteins, was expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells (CV-1). Two insertion vectors regulated by different promoters were constructed. The vectors were introduced into human thymidine kinase-negative ($TK^-$) 1438 cells infected with wild-type vaccinia virus (WR strain). Recombinant viruses were selected with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and X-gal and identified with DNA dot blot analysis (vSC11-CETP and vTM1-CETP). The CETP cDNA insert in the recombinant vaccinia virus genome was identified by Southern blot analysis. Transcription of CETP cDNA in CV-1 cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus was monitored by Northern blot analysis using the CETP cDNA as a probe. Positive signals were detected at 1.8 kb in cells infected with vSC11-CETP and at 2.3 kb in cells infected with vTM1-CETP. The recombinant vaccinia virus-infected CV-1 cells were shown to produce functional CETP when the culture medium was subjected to the CETP assay.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.403-408
• /
• 2009

Dandelion (Taraxacum platycarpum) has been widely utilized for medicinal purposes. However, the dandelion seeds are relatively difficult to germinate under cultivation conditions, which hampers seedling propagation of dandelion plants and reduces the opportunity of usage of such a useful medicinal plant. Thus, in this study, in vitro conditions for the dandelion seed germination were optimized to enhance the germination rate. In seed washing steps, the sequential treatments with 20% of ethanol, 20% of NaOCl, and distilled water avoided microbial contamination with the highest in vitro germination rate (67.5%) from seeds sown in germination media. The media supplemented with 1.4 g/L of MS salts and 1% of sucrose significantly enhanced the germination rate compared to the media with 4.4 g/L of MS and 3% of sucrose. Sowing the seeds vertically in the optimized media supplement conditions, 1.4 g/L of MS salts and 1% of sucrose, gave the maximum in vitro germination rate (61%), which was almost three times higher than sowing seeds on a soil pot (23%). Our results indicate that the seed washing and sowing methods including germination medium supplements can be optimized to enhance in vitro seed germination of dandelion.