• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.5-8
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• 1999

We isolated a sphingonyelinase (SMase) inhibitor, which would be a potential reagent to regulate cell proliferation, oncogenesis, and inflammation, from a strain of Streptomyces sp.. In this paper, we report the optimal conditions for the production of SMase inhibitor, designed as sphinin, from Streptomyces sp. F50970. The optimal carbon and nitrogen source were 1% soluble starch and 0.05%-0.15% trypton. Most of monosaccharides and high concentration of soluble starch above 1.0% caused falling of pH and sphinin production. Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, and Co2+inhibited cell growth and the production of sphinin. Inorganic phosphate promoted the sphinin production. Optimal initial pH for the production of sphinin was 7.5-8.0. Addition of CaCO3 to the medium resulted in an increase of inhibitor production. Based on these results, we designed a fermentation medium for the production of a SMase inhibitor, sphinin, from Streptomyces sp. F50970.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.501-505
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• 2010

1-Acetyl-$\beta$-carboline was isolated as an anti-MRSA agent from the fermentation broth of a marine actinomycete isolated from marine sediment. The producing strain was identified to be Streptomyces sp. by phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The anti-MRSA agent was isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation of the culture extract by solvent partitioning, ODS open flash chromatography, and purification with a reversed-phase HPLC. Its structure was elucidated by extensive 2D NMR and mass spectral analyses. Combination of 1-acetyl-$\beta$-carboline with ampicillin exhibited synergistic antibacterial activity against MRSA.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.248-250
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• 2015

A new ${\alpha}-pyrone$ derivative, violapyrone J (1), and along with the two known violapyrones B (2) and C (3) were isolated from the fermentation broth of a marine actinomycete Streptomyces sp. SC0718. The structure of violapyrone J (1) was elucidated from 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2018

In this study, cosmetic materials were developed using a new method of making juice through the fermentation of raw natural materials with microorganisms in order to supplement the advantages and disadvantages of an organic solvent extraction method and a microbial fermentation method. The natural products were selected from two colors (red, green) of paprika known to be rich in various colors and vitamins. The microorganisms used for fermentation were fermented by inoculating paprika with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum) having sugar-hydrolyzed ability. First, we investigated the changes of physiologically active substances of two kinds of paprika juice and two kinds of fermented paprika juice. Total phenols content and total flavonoids content were higher in the fermented paprika juice than in the paprika juice, and especially in the fermented red paprika juice. Free radical scavenging effect and lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect were also showed an excellent antioxidative effect on paprika fermented juice, among which the effect of red paprika fermentation juice was the highest. The expression of MMP-1 in fermented red paprika juice with high antioxidant activity was inhibited by concentration-dependent expression of MMP-1 mRNA and MMP-1 protein. In the glycation experiments with aging, the anti-glycation effect of fermented paprika juice was highly inhibited by the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which was closely related to the antioxidant effect. In addition, the activity of senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal), an indicator of cell senescence, was measured using human dermal fibroblast (HDF). The results showed that the cell senescence was inhibited when the cells were treated with fermented paprika juice. In conclusion, fermented paprika juice using lactic acid bacteria showed better antioxidative and anti-aging effects than paprika juice. Among them, fermented red paprika juice has the best antioxidant and anti-aging effect and can be applied as natural new material of antioxidant and anti-aging.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2014

Black liquor (BL) is a by-product of rice straw pulping process. It is a low costs raw material for production value-adding proteins and enzymes, which has been paid more and more attention to reduce its environmental pollution. Mixed cultures of micelial fungi, Trichoderma reesei Northern Regional Research Laboratory (NRRL)11236, Trichoderma reesei NRRL 6165 and Aspergillus niger strains NRC 5A, NRC 7A, and NRC 9A were evaluated for their ability to produce xylanase using crude hemicellulose (CHC) prepared from BL and peat moss as an inert support under solid state fermentation (SSF). The most potent strains, A. niger NRC 9A (818.26 U/g CHC) and T. reesei NRRL 6165 ($100.9{\pm}57.14$ U/g CHC), were used in a mixed culture to enhance xylanase production by co-culturing under SSF. In the mixed culture, xylanase production ($1070.52{\pm}12.57$ U/g CHC) was nearly1.3 and 10.6-fold increases over the activities attained in their monocultures, A. niger NRC 9A and T. reesei NRRL 6165, respectively. Optimization of the culture parameters of the mixed culture SSF process, concentration of ammonium sulfate and corn steep liquor, CHC/peat moss ratio, inoculum size and ratios of the two strains, initial pH value, initial moisture content and incubation time, exhibited a significant increase ($2414.98{\pm}84.02$ U/g CHC) in xylanase production than before optimization.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1825-1831
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• 2004

Phellinus linteus is known as a medicinal mushroom, which has the pharmaceutical activity on tumors and inflammatory diseases in traditional Oriental medicine. However, despite extensive pharmacological studies on P. linteus, the liquor of fermentation using mycelium of P. linteus(LFMP) has not been investigated. In the present study, it was examined the effect of the evaporating extract from LFMP(E-LFMP) on the expression of inflammatory proteins and the generation of reactive oxygen species in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. E-LFMP inhibited acetaldehyde-induced morphological change in HepG2 cells. Also, E-LFMP inhibits expression of inflammatory proteins including cyclooxygenase(COX)-1 and COX-2 through suppressing nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) and degradation of inhibitory κBα(IκBα). In addition, E-LFMP inhibits generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) by hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂) in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that LFMP has the pharmaceutical, especially anti-inflammatory, activity similar to P. linteus mushroom.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.642-647
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• 2012

Eight continuous culture fermenters were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate various nutritional values of Kochia (Kochia scoparia) compared with Atriplex (Atriplex dimorphostegia). Dried and pelleted samples (leaves and stems) provided substrate for metabolism by ruminal microbes maintained in a continuous culture fermentation system. Results indicated that there were no differences (p>0.05) in dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) digestibility between the two halophytic plants. Atriplex had higher (p<0.05) organic matter (OM) digestibility compared with Kochia. Neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) digestibility of Atriplex (411 g/kg) was higher (p<0.05) than that of Kochia (348 g/kg), however acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility was higher (p<0.05) in Kochia compared with Atriplex (406 vs. 234 g/kg). There were no differences (p>0.05) between the two halophytic plants in molar proportion of acetate and propionate, but the concentration of butyrate and valerate in Kochia were about two fold of Atriplex (p<0.05). When Kochia provided substrate to the microbes, protein synthesis was higher (p<0.05) compared with feeding Atriplex (5.96 vs. 4.85 g N/kg of OM truly digested). It was concluded that Kochia scoparia and Atriplex dimorphostegia had similar digestibility of DM and CP. It appears that these halophytic plants may not have enough digestible energy for high producing ruminants.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2011

Through the process of fermentation with Lactobacillus strains this study has evaluated the functionality of the traditional Korean medicine Bangpungtongsungsan after the addition of four other medicinal ingredients. In order to facilitate the growth of the Lactobacillus strains brown sugar was added to the herbal substances used. For both DPPH radical scavenging activities and SOD-like activities the medicinal mixture, when fermented through heterogeneous co-cultures, scored higher (at 77% and 42%, respectively) than when not fermented (at 31.7% and 36.3%, respectively). The co-cultured Korean medicine inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis PCI 219, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 2004, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus KCTC 1916 and Propionibacterium acnes KCTC 3314. The inhibiting effects on ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase released from RBL-2H3 cells caused by the mixture, with and without fermentation, was seen to be similar (57% and 60%, respectively).

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.280-284
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• 2018

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing rapidly in developed countries, with CVDs now representing the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural products and ethnomedicines have been shown to reduce the risk of CVDs. Garlic is a medicinal plant used throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet activities. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide obtained from chitin, and derivatives of chitosan have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion. We hypothesized that fermented preparations of these products may possess stronger antiplatelet effects than the non-fermented forms owing to the increased bioavailability of the bioactive compounds produced during fermentation. Therefore, we compared these compounds via in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation assays by using standard light transmission aggregometry and ex vivo granule secretions from rat platelets. We found that fermented preparations exerted more potent and significant inhibition of platelet aggregation both in vitro and ex vivo. Likewise, ATP release from dense granules of platelets was also significantly inhibited in fermented preparation-treated rat platelets compared to that in non-fermented preparation-treated ones. We concluded that fermented preparations exerted more potent effects on platelet function both in vitro and ex vivo, possibly as a result of the increased bioavailability of active compounds produced during fermentation. We therefore suggest that fermented products may be potent therapeutics against platelet-related CVDs and can be used as antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 1990

Hydrogen evolution from biomass-derived carbohydrates by some Clostridia and optimal culture conditions for hydrogen evolution were investigated. Among the organisms tested, Clostridium butyricum was efficient hydrogen producer with starch, xylan, pectin, cellobiose and xylose. In batch fermentation of Cl. butyricum, optimal conditions for hydrogen evolution were achieved at pH 7.0-8.5, 10-50 mM phosphate, and 2% (w/v) glucose. Total amount of molecular hydrogen evolved by the organism slightly increased at the presence of acetate (<150 mM) or butyrate (<20 mM) in the initial fermentation medium. Especially, in case of more than the above concentration of butyrate, growth and hydrogen evolution were dramatically inhibited. In the conditions were described here, 70 mmole of molecular hydrogen per mg of DCW was produced with 1%(w/v) glucose by the organism.