• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.927-934
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• 2012

The efficiency of insertion and/or deletion (indels) polymorphisms as genetic markers was evaluated by genotyping 102 indels loci in native chicken populations from Myanmar and Indonesia as well as Red jungle fowls and Green jungle fowls from Java Island. Out of the 102 indel markers, 97 were polymorphic. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.206 to 0.268 and 0.229 to 0.284 in native chicken populations and 0.003 to 0.101 and 0.012 to 0.078 in jungle fowl populations. The coefficients of genetic differentiation (Gst) of the native chicken populations from Myanmar and Indonesia were 0.041 and 0.098 respectively. The genetic variability is higher among native chicken populations than jungle fowl populations. The high Gst value was found between native chicken populations and jungle fowl populations. Neighbor-joining tree using genetic distance revealed that the native chickens from two countries were genetically close to each other and remote from Red and Green jungle fowls of Java Island.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1871-1880
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• 2018

Objective: Recently, there has been an increasing interest in conservation of native genetic resources of chicken on a worldwide basis. Most of the native chicken breeds are threatened by extinction or crossing with ecotypes. Methods: Six Saudi native chicken breeds including black naked neck, brown frizzled, black, black barred, brown and gray were used in the current study. The aim of the current study was to evaluate genetic diversity, relationship and population structure of Saudi native chicken breeds based on 20 microsatellite markers. Results: A total of 172 alleles were detected in Saudi native chicken breeds across all 20 microsatellite loci. The mean number of alleles per breed ranged from 4.35 in gray breed to 5.45 in normally feathered black with an average of 8.6 alleles. All breeds were characterized by a high degree of genetic diversity, with the lowest heterozygosity found in the brown breed (72%) and the greatest in the frizzled and black barred populations (78%). Higher estimate of expected heterozygosity (0.68) was found in both black breeds (normal and naked neck) compared to the other chicken populations. All studied breeds showed no inbreeding within breed (negative inbreeding coefficient [$F_{IS}$]). The phylogenetic relationships of chickens were examined using neighbor-joining trees constructed at the level of breeds and individual samples. The neighbor-joining tree constructed at breed level revealed three main clusters, with naked neck and gray breeds in one cluster, and brown and frizzled in the second cluster leaving black barred in a separate one. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the genetic information derived from the current study can be used as a guide for genetic improvement and conservation in further breeding programs. Our findings indicate that the Saudi native chicken populations have a rich genetic diversity and show a high polymorphism.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2021

The taste-active and nutritional components of Thai native, broilers, black-boned, and spent hen chickens were analyzed. The amounts of tasty amino acids especially glutamic acid were the highest in Thai native chicken. The black-boned chicken had the highest arginine content, related to the least amount of consumer satisfaction. Concerning nutritional quality, choline, and taurine were deemed important for brain function. The black-boned chicken showed the highest choline and taurine contents, unlike that of the spent hens. In contrast, broilers presented the highest betaine content, which might be attributed to their lipid metabolism. L-carnitine content was abundant in black-boned and Thai native chickens. Moreover, the amounts of essential amino acids were high in Thai native chicken. In conclusion, black-boned chicken proved to be an excellent nutritional source for health-conscience consumers, whereas the Thai native chickens were flavourful and delicious.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.632-642
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• 2019

The concentrations of functional compounds and micronutrients of chicken breast from native chickens were compared with those from broiler. Totally 200 male chicks from a commercial native chicken (HH) and three newly bred native chicken strains (2A, 2C, and 2D) were reared for about 2 kg of final live weight up to 12 wk. After slaughtered, antioxidant dipeptides, reducing sugar, free amino acids, vitamins, and minerals of the breast muscles were analyzed with those from broilers with similar live weight. Mostly native chicken strains had higher contents of carnosine, anserine, and reducing sugar than the broiler. Especially HH implied the highest values of carnosine and anserine, and 2C did the highest of reducing sugar (p<0.05). Vitamin A contents between native chickens and broiler were not significantly different (p>0.05). The contents of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ were significantly higher in 2C than those of HH or broiler (p<0.05). Native chicken strains contained lower cholesterol levels than the broiler. Broiler had higher contents of P, Mg, and Na than native chickens (p<0.05), but it had lower content of Cu than HH or 2A. The savory free amino acids including glutamic acid was highest in 2A than the other native chickens and broiler (p<0.05). This study confirms that certain new strains of native chickens be a good source in terms of functional compounds and micronutrients which can be attractive health promoting nutritional quality factors.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.63-76
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• 2016

The genetic diversity of Korean native chicken is important for conservation of native chicken breeds and developing economically valuable traits in Korea. In this review, various types of genetic markers using Korean native chickens were investigated, which are mtDNA variations, microsatellite markers, markers in Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These genetic markers are suitable for breed discrimination and diversity studies because of their high polymorphism status. Thus, the purpose of this study was to summarize the genetic markers developed in the Korean native chickens and diversity studies using these breeds. Ultimately, these markers can be used for the future studies for understanding of genetic characteristics.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The present study was carried out to establish the standard karyotype of the Korean Native Chicken and to find their chromosomal band markers using high-resolution banding technique. Chromosome analysis was performed on early chick embryos following in vitro culture of fertilized eggs of the yellow-brown and the red-brown lines of the Korean Native Chicken which had been established at National Livestock Research Institute. The high-resolution banding of the chromosome was achieved by treating the embryos with ethidium bromide and colchicine during culture. On GTG-banding, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited a typical chick banding pattern in all the macrochromosomes. Overall chromosomal morphology and positions of typical landmarks of the Korean Native Chicken were virtually identical to those of White Leghorn and International System for Standardized Avian Karyotypes(ISSAK). However, the lengths and G-band numbers of the Korean Native Chicken macrochromosomes were greater than those of White Leghorn and ISSAK. Especially in chromosomes 1 and Z, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited more separated bands in compared with ISSAK. In C-banding patterns, although a lot of observed cells had C-band polymorphic patterns, almost the Korean Native Chicken macrochromosomes had heterochromatic C-band on centromeres and/or near terminal part. However, the heterochromatic C-band was constantly observed at the end of q-arm of Z chromosomes and on the whole W chromosome. In addition, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited distinctive heteromorphic patterns of C-bands on the centromere of chromosome 3 and at the end of q-arm of Z chromosome between homologous chromosomes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2015

The genetic diversity of native chicken populations from Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos was examined by using 102 insertion and/or deletion (indels) markers. Most of the indels loci were polymorphic (71% to 96%), and the genetic variability was similar in all populations. The average observed heterozygosities ($H_O$) and expected heterozygosities ($H_E$) ranged from 0.205 to 0.263 and 0.239 to 0.381, respectively. The coefficients of genetic differentiation (Gst) for all cumulated populations was 0.125, and the Thai native chickens showed higher Gst (0.088) than Myanmar (0.041) and Laotian (0.024) populations. The pairwise Fst distances ranged from 0.144 to 0.308 among populations. A neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, using Nei's genetic distance, revealed that Thai and Laotian native chicken populations were genetically close, while Myanmar native chickens were distant from the others. The native chickens from these three countries were thought to be descended from three different origins (K = 3) from STRUCTURE analysis. Genetic admixture was observed in Thai and Laotian native chickens, while admixture was absent in Myanmar native chickens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.311-315
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• 2012

The increasing demand for Korean native chicken meat indicates that the discovery of haplotypes is very important from both economic and conservation points of view. In this study, mtDNA D-loop sequences from two crossbred Korean native chicken populations of 138 individuals were investigated. Twenty six nucleotide substitutions were identified from sequence analysis and were classified into 12 haplotypes. The haplotype H_8 represents 73.47% of Woorimatdag (chicken population) sequences, which were identified in all five Woorimatdag chicken populations investigated. The H_7 haplotype (Dhap1) for D population covers 45% sequences, which indicate maternal inheritance from black Korean native chicken. On the other hand, Chap3 and Chap4 for C population are specific haplotypes, as H_5 and H_2, respectively. Based on the network profiles, six SNPs (C199T, A239G, G242A, A291G, T330C and C391A) of the D-loop region are effective markers for discrimination between Woorimatdag and Hanhyup chicken populations. Also, the phylogenetic analyses of Woorimatdag and Hanhyup chicken populations were used to identify the genetic relationships among the haplotypes. The results presented here can be used for developing molecular markers to discriminate between two commercial Korean native chickens.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.167-171
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• 2015

Pathogenic microorganisms were monitored on the chicken carcasses in slaughterhouse of Jeonbuk area. It was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality on 204 chicken carcasses. Staphylococcus (S.) aureus was isolated in largest number and its ration was 41.2%, Salmonella spp. 6.4%, Campylobacter (C.)jejuni 7.4%, C. coli 7.4%. Serotype of Salmonella (S.) spp. was identified as S. Infantis 46.1%, S. Enteritidis 23.1%, S. Typhimurium 7.7%, S. Montevideo 7.7%. In breed chickens, Salmonella spp. was detected broiler 4.1%, white semi-broiler 8.0% Korean native chicken 12.0%. C. jejuni was isolated broiler 7.4%, white semi-broiler 12.0%, Korean native chicken 0%, C. coli, broiler 7.4%, white semi-broiler 0%, Korean native chicken 18.1% and S. aureus, broiler 38.8%, white semi-broiler 40.0%, Korean native chicken 51.5%.