• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

The government has established a foundation activation measures across a total of 10 times to expanse job creation, promote new growth engines and enhance youth entrepreneurship for trying to spread socially. In order to improve startup activation policies and excavation, it is necessary to supplement the gaps going to construct a stable infrastructure through periodic status research on their occupational sense and entrepreneurship awareness. Since 2012, the government's has been surveyed to address the current understanding of the occupational sense and entrepreneurship awareness of population characteristics. Until 2013 only the youth were surveyed, recently from 2014 expanded its range to the public. This study laid the foundation for a more comprehensive set of analysis through which to learn and understand the differences between the status of each group for entrepreneurship awareness by utilizing survey data from the government. And this study was obtained from a survey of university students and the general public. A total of 3000 people nationwide survey was conducted about the entrepreneurship environment for start-ups and entrepreneurship awareness and success factors for a month. The University students survey result were classified according to the area, school and gender. And The general public survey was classified according to the area, the age and gender. Each response result indicates a significant difference between the students and the general public did not appear. But through this survey, This study would contribute the establishment of the national startup infrastructure.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.30
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• pp.4.1-4.11
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• 2015

Objectives: This survey was designed to conduct the first nationwide dietary exposure assessment on hazardous substances including the intakes of functional food and herbal medicine. In this paper, we introduced the survey design and the results of the dietary exposure status and internal exposure levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). Methods: We selected 4867 subjects of all ages throughout Korea. We conducted a food survey, dietary survey, biomonitoring, and health survey. Results: Pb and Cd were the highest (median value) in the seaweed ($94.2{\mu}g/kg$ for Pb; $594{\mu}g/kg$ for Cd), and Hg was the highest in the fish ($46.4{\mu}g/kg$). The dietary exposure level (median value) of Pb was $0.14{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (bw)/d, $0.18{\mu}g/kg$ bw/d for Cd, and $0.07{\mu}g/kg$ bw/d for Hg. Those with a blood Pb level of less than $5.00{\mu}g/dL$ (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reference value for those 1 to 5 years of age) were 99.0% of all the subjects. Those with a blood Cd level with less than $0.30{\mu}g/L$ (German Federal Environmental Agency, reference value for non-smoking children) were 24.5%. For those with a blood Hg level with less than $5.00{\mu}g/L$ (human biomonitoring I, references value for children and adults, German Federal Environmental Agency) was 81.0 % of all the subjects. Conclusions: The main dietary exposure of heavy metals occurs through food consumed in a large quantity and high frequency. The blood Hg level and dietary exposure level of Hg were both higher than those in the European Union.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2003

Although the idea that obese people consume higher calorie diets is widely accepted, many dietary surveys have shown that obese people do NOT consume larger amounts of energy. We had an opportunity to study the relationship between calorie intake and obesity in Korea from the data contained in the '98 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of Korea. The survey was executed nationwide for two months - from Nov. 1 to Dec.30 in 1998. The survey included 10,876 (aged >10 years) subjects of whom 9,771 underwent health examinations. Surveyors visited each household and checked health status, measured anthropometry and blood pressures, collected blood and urine samples, and interviewed from the health questionnaires. Well-trained dietitians evaluated the food consumption of 11,525 subjects over the age of 1 year with the 24-hour recall method. The number of subjects from whom a complete health examination and food consumption information was obtained was 8,004. Subjects were classified by BMI (< 20, 20-22, 22-24, 24-26, 26-28, 28 $\leq$) and into newly diagnosed patients with DM (FBS $\geq$ 126 mg/㎗), hypertension (SBP $\geq$ 140 mmHg or DBP $\geq$ 90 mmHg) and hyperlipidemia (Total cholesterol $\geq$ 220 mg/㎗ or TG $\geq$ 200 mg/㎗). Our main results were as following：1) their average energy intake was 2,029.6 $\pm$ 908.5 ㎉ and BMI is 22.6 $\pm$ 3.4 kg/$m^2$；2) a comparison of nutrient intakes by BMI level did not show a significant difference of energy intake even though BMI increased (BMI, < 20： 1,999 ㎉ ∼ 28 $\leq$： 2,028 ㎉)；and 3) Even in newly diagnosed patients with diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia, their energy consumption was not significantly increased as BMI increased (from BMI 20). There are several possible explanations for these results：1) Reduced physical activity caused the weight of obese people to increase even with the same energy intake；2) people underreported their energy consumption；or, people intentionally reduced their energy consumption due to self-image regarding their obesity. We might also hypothesize that there is a metabolic problem conceiving obese people, because calorie intake was not higher in obese people than in non-obese people in Korea. Further research is necessary for re-evaluating these current conclusions.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-74
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• 2002

Since the Economic Crisis at the end of 1997, unemployment rate soared up to the record-high 8.6% (February 1999) and, for youth aged 15~29, it was 14.6% (27.8% for aged 15~19). In spite of economic recovery after the crisis, new participants in labor market at the school-to-work transition have faced with difficulties in finding their first jobs and, even further, the ratio of youth at out-of the labor force but not in school has remained at a higher level. It is important to calibrate the negative effects of nonemployment in the short-run as well as in the long-run, but there has been few study on the school-to-work transition in Korea. This study focus on the nonemployment duration to first job after formal education and comparison of its pattern before and after the crisis. A proportional hazard model, considering job prenaration before graduation (21.4% of the sample), with the semi-parametric baseline hazard is applied to the sample from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Survey(1998~2000) and its Youth Supplemental survey(2000). Interview of the Survey is conducted, by the Korea Labor Institute, to the same 5,000 household and 13,738 individual sample, guaranteeing nationwide representativeness. The Supplemental Survey consists of 3,302 young individuals aged 15 to 29 at the time of survey and 1,615 of them who are not in school and provide appropriate information is used for the analysis. The empirical results show that there exists negative duration dependence at the first three or for months at the transition period and no duration dependence since a turning point of the baseline hazard rate and that unemployment rate reflecting labor demand conditions has a positive effect on exiting the nonemployment state, which is inconsistent with a theoretical conclusion. Estimation with samples separated by the date of graduation before and after the crisis shows that the effect of unemployment rate on the hazard was negative for the pre-crisis sample but positive for the post-crisis sample.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.543-551
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• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the current status of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) in Korea and the association between ICP monitoring and prognosis. In addition, a survey was administered to Korean neurosurgeons to investigate the perception of ICP monitoring in patients with sTBI. Methods : This study used data from the second Korea Neurotrauma Databank. Among the enrolled patients with sTBI, the following available clinical data were analyzed in 912 patients : Glasgow coma scale score on admission, ICP monitoring, mortality, and extended Glasgow outcome scale score at 6 months. In addition, we administered a survey, entitled "current status and perception of ICP monitoring in Korean patients with sTBI" to 399 neurosurgeons who were interested in traumatic brain injury. Results : Among the 912 patients, 79 patients (8.7%) underwent ICP monitoring. The mortality and favorable outcome were compared between the groups with and without ICP monitoring, and no statistically significant results were found. Regarding the survey, there were 61 respondents. Among them, 70.4% of neurosurgeons responded negatively to performing ICP monitoring after craniectomy/craniotomy, while 96.7% of neurosurgeons responded negatively to performing ICP monitoring when craniectomy/craniotomy was not conducted. The reasons why ICP monitoring was not performed were investigated, and most respondents answered that there were no actual guidelines or experiences with post-operative ICP monitoring for craniectomy/craniotomy. However, in cases wherein craniectomy/craniotomy was not performed, most respondents answered that ICP monitoring was not helpful, as other signs were comparatively more important. Conclusion : The proportion of performing ICP monitoring in patients with sTBI was low in Korea. The outcome and mortality were compared between the patient groups with and without ICP monitoring, and no statistically significant differences were noted in prognosis between these groups. Further, the survey showed that ICP monitoring in patients with sTBI was somewhat negatively recognized in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.857-872
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• 2014

This study investigates the effect of service ubiquity perceptions on consumers' responses to virtual stores such as benefit and risk perceptions, shopping value perceptions, and service usage intention. Data were collected via a self-administered online survey from nationwide consumer panels of an online marketing research firm. Questionnaire items were adopted from previous literature and developed by authors via pretesting to measure variables. The results revealed that virtual store service ubiquity affects consumer benefit perceptions as well as risk perceptions. All benefit perceptions (including time effectiveness, user control, and compatibility) had significant mediating effects between service ubiquity and hedonic/utilitarian shopping service value perceptions. The mediating effect of financial risk was significant only in the relationship between service ubiquity and utilitarian value perception. The findings offer retailers and marketers information in regards to consumers' perception of a virtual store usage, which can enhance service and product strategy.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2012

As of November 1st 2010, 59% of overall residences in Korea are apartments with 8,185,000 households and when including the multi-unit houses, 71.0% of the overall residences are multifamily houses. The apartments have become the most universal form of residence in Korea and its' relative weight will continuously increase in the future. Meanwhile, Korea has turned into aging society in 2000 and will turn into the super-aged society by 2026 to display the world's fastest speed for aging. Majority of the elderly will spend their declining years in apartments. To understand the residence consciousness and its' properties for unit housing of the elderly residing in apartments, the present study obtained the following results through surveying the 541 nationwide samples. First, the elderly most prefer the mid and high levels(6-9th floors, or 10-15th floors) of apartments. Second, the elderly couples most prefer areas of $85m^2$ while single elderly most prefer $60m^2$. Third, the elderly feel the most inconveniences in bathrooms and showers. Fourth, safety accidents in dwelling of the elderly have no significant correlation with age, gender or their possessed diseases. Fifth, the elderly displayed high satisfaction for their bedrooms. Sixth, there were less tendencies for elderly to feel lack of storage spaces or conduct remodeling. As a result of the analysis, all apartment houses of Korea must support the physical aging of residents and prevent safety accidents in houses to enable Korean aging in place.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

According to a recent survey, most elementary and secondary school students nationwide are stressed out by their academic records. Furthermore most of high school students in Korea have to study under the great duress. Some of them who can't overcome the academic stress finalize their life by suiciding. A study has found that it is one of the leading causes of stimulating the thought of committing suicide in Korean high school students. So it is necessary to reduce the high school student's suicide rate. Main content of this research is to implement a personalized music recommendation system. Music therapy can help the student deal with the stress, anxiety and depression problems. Proposed system works as a therapist. The music choice and duration of the music is adjusted based on the student's current emotion recognized automatically from EEG. If the happy emotion is not induced by the current music, the system would automatically switch to another one until he or she feel happy. Proposed system is personalized brain music treatment that is making a brain training application running on smart phone or pad. That overcomes the critical problems of time and space constraints of existing brain training program. By using this brain training program, student can manage the stress easily without the help of expert.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.57-70
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• 2018

Farm succession is one of the most important events that substantially influence the viability of a farm business not only for a family farm operation, but also for a farm industry as a whole. This study aims to analyze the factors which affect the probability of existence of a successor, using the nationwide survey data. The probability of having a successor increases with the age of operator, the number of sons, the area under cultivation, organic farming, farm expansion plan, main crop and operator's attitude towards farm succession. Also this study investigates the succession plans of family farms having a successor and land disposal plans of family farms without a successor. 40% of farms having a successor have only vague succession plans and 34.7% of farms without a successor have a plan to apportion their land among their children. Based on these results, this study suggests the necessity of planning for farm succession and successors' agricultural training. In addition, measures for preventing from land fragmentation are needed for realization of effective usage of agricultural land.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.52-64
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to survey the educational effects of gender sensitivity in engineering courses based on the cognition of students and faculty. For the research of nationwide scale, the data from engineering courses managed by WISET Chungbuk branch, Deakyung Gangwon Branch, Gyungnam Branch, Junbuk Branch, and Chungnam Branch were selected. The results were divided into 5 categories: gender sensitivity, interests in major, interests in job related to major, the efforts for employment of major field, the efforts for success after employment. As results, students realized lectures were important for gender sensitivity ability improvement. This means that the educational effects of the engineering courses were proved. But the courses could not change students' thought of interests in job related to major, the efforts for employment of major field, the effects for success after employment.