• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2022

Since trees in the city are green assets that create a healthy environment for the city, systematic management of trees improves urban ecosystem services. The sporadic urban tree information centered on the site is vast, and it is difficult to manage the data, so efforts to increase efficiency are needed. This paper summarizes tree data inventory based on data constructed by Seoul Green Trust activists and constructs and discloses online database maps using Tableau Software. In order to verify the utilization of the map, we divided into consumer and supplier aspects to collect various opinions and reflect feedback to implement tree database maps for each area and species of Seoul Forest. As a result, the utilization value of tree database in urban parks was presented. The technical significance of this study is to systematically record the process of constructing and implementing a dashboard directly using the Mapbox platform and Tableau Software in the field of landscaping for the first time in Korea. In addition, the implications and supplements of landscape information were derived by collecting user opinions on the results. This can be used as an exploratory basis in the process of developing online-based services such as web and apps by utilizing landscaping tree information in the future. Although the visualization database currently constructed has limitations that ordinary users cannot interact in both directions because it utilizes business intelligence tools in terms of service provision it has affirmed both the database construction and its usability in web public format. In the future it is essential to investigate the assets of the trees in the city park and to build a database as a public asset of the city. The survey participants positively recognized that information is intuitively presented based on the map and responded that it is necessary to provide information on the overall urban assets such as small parks and roadside trees by using open source maps in the future.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.51-77
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• 2006

Pond management is a critical part of overall golf course management, both during growth and maintenance modes of turf care. This study investigated 48 ponds in nine 18- or 27-hole golf courses to analyze the environmental characteristics of ponds. The research process had three phases: (1) inventory and analysis of grading plans and drainage plans, (2) field verification and interviews with greenskeepers, and (3) analyses of water quality and statistics. All data were collected from May to August in 2004. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. It is desirable to site a golf course in a small watershed with high watershed eccentricity to control storm water runoff efficiently and to minimize soil erosion during construction. 2. The siting and size of a pond should be determined through a land-use analysis of the watershed for the purpose of ecological management. The bigger the forest-to-golf course ratio, the better the water quality will be. 3. The size and capacity of each individual ponds varied and there were many somewhat longish rather than round ponds. 4. There were many differences among golf courses in naturalness of the ponds, and the correlation between naturalness and area of aquatic plants was very high. 5. Analyses of pond water quality indicated that the degrees of Dissolved Oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demanded and Suspended Solids were relatively low values but Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen were too high. Therefore a systematic approach is needed to solve e problem. Pesticide residues were not detected in all ponds. 6. Water depth and area of hydrophyte should be considered when designing an ecological pond. 7. All ponds used storm water as a main source of water supply and added underground water. Aquatic plants and physical methods such as water aeration and spray fountains were the main choices for maintaining a healthy aquatic environment.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk of cropland and man-made infrastructures in a landslide-prone area using a GIS-based method. To achieve this goal, a landslide inventory map was prepared based on aerial photograph analysis as well as field observations. A total of 550 landslides have been counted in the entire study area. For model analysis and validation, extracted landslides were randomly selected and divided into two groups. The landslide causative factors such as slope, aspect, curvature, topographic wetness index, elevation, forest type, forest crown density, geology, land-use, soil drainage, and soil texture were used in the analysis. Moreover, to identify the correlation between landslides and causative factors, pixels were divided into several classes and frequency ratio was also extracted. A landslide susceptibility map was constructed using a bayesian predictive model (BPM) based on the entire events. In the cross validation process, the landslide susceptibility map as well as observation data were plotted with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve then the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and tried to extract a success rate curve. The results showed that, the BPM produced 85.8% accuracy. We believed that the model was acceptable for the landslide susceptibility analysis of the study area. In addition, for risk assessment, monetary value (local) and vulnerability scale were added for each social thematic data layers, which were then converted into US dollar considering landslide occurrence time. Moreover, the total number of the study area pixels and predictive landslide affected pixels were considered for making a probability table. Matching with the affected number, 5,000 landslide pixels were assumed to run for final calculation. Based on the result, cropland showed the estimated total risk as US $ 35.4 million and man-made infrastructure risk amounted to US $ 39.3 million.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.449-451
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• 2007

In the commercially managed timber lands, the information such as height, age, stand density, canopy closure and leaf area index need to be collected periodically. Stand volume is the most fundamental information in the valuation of timber, however, stand age information is the primary element of forest inventory and these two are highly correlated. Conventional method of collecting stand age information by field surveys such as ring count method is accurate; however, it is expensive, labor-intensive and time consuming. In the present study it was aimed to collect stand age information using modem techniques in a commercially managed timberland situated in Tennessee, USA. The Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) of three different periods, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), National elevation dataset (NED) and field inventory data were used. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Tasselled Cap (TC) transformation techniques were applied on the TM and ETM+ data. The regression analysis was carried out to identify the correlation between stand age and NDVI, TC. In the present study about 2,469 datasets were analyzed. The $R^{2}$ value for stand age estimation was 0.713. The NDVI, TC2 and TC3 were found to produce accurate timber age information.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.162-176
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• 2016

숲공간에서의 경험과 놀이가 유아의 성장과 발달에 효과적으로 작용하는 것으로 밝혀지면서, 최근 숲활동공간에 대한 연구와 관련 조성사업이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 그러나 많은 연구들이 숲활동의 효과를 중심으로 하고 있어, 숲활동을 위한 공간설계에 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 숲활동공간의 물리적 환경특성이 유아놀이행태와 유아발달 과정에 미치는 영향을 파악하여, 숲활동공간 설계 시 적용할 수 있는 근거를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법으로는 우선 유아발달과정의 지표인 인지 사회놀이를 유아의 놀이행태유형으로 선정하고, 숲활동공간은 놀이시설공간과 숲속공간으로 구분하였다. 각 공간의 환경특성으로는 놀이시설공간의 경우, 놀이영역과 포장재, 숲속공간의 교목 및 관목밀도, 경사, 포장재, 자연낱개재료로 선정하였다. 환경조사와 행태관찰조사를 바탕으로 만 4, 5세 유아들이 각 공간에서 보이는 놀이행태의 유형과 발생빈도를 조사분석하였다. 연구결과, 1) 놀이시설공간에서는 시설과 모래장이 함께 있는 시설물놀이터에서 놀이행태가 높게 발생했으며, 인지 사회놀이는 기능-혼자와 기능-병행놀이가 우세하게 발현되었다. 2) 숲속공간에서는 낮은 밀도의 식재공간과 자연낱개재료가 있는 환경에서 다양한 유아놀이행태가 나타났고, 기능-집단놀이와 발달단계의 최상위인 상징-집단놀이가 높은 빈도로 나타났다. 3) 상징-집단놀이는 소밀도 이하의 교목, 10~20도 경사, 땅에 고정된 대형 그루터기의 환경특성에 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 유아들의 놀이행태를 직접 관찰하고 분석함으로써, 유아들의 숲활동을 위한 공간조성시 적용할 수 있는 물리적 환경특성의 기준이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.109-125
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• 2016

This study aims to identify the landslide susceptible zones of Boeun area and provide reliable landslide susceptibility maps by applying different modeling methods. Aerial photographs and field survey on the Boeun area identified landslide inventory map that consists of 388 landslide locations. A total ofseven landslide causative factors (elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, geology, soil, forest and land-use) were extracted from the database and then converted into raster. Landslide causative factors were provided to investigate about the spatial relationship between each factor and landslide occurrence by using fuzzy set and logistic regression model. Fuzzy membership value and logistic regression coefficient were employed to determine each factor's rating for landslide susceptibility mapping. Then, the landslide susceptibility maps were compared and validated by cross validation technique. In the cross validation process, 50% of observed landslides were selected randomly by Excel and two success rate curves (SRC) were generated for each landslide susceptibility map. The result demonstrates the 84.34% and 83.29% accuracy ratio for logistic regression model and fuzzy set model respectively. It means that both models were very reliable and reasonable methods for landslide susceptibility analysis.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2016

본 연구는 안동댐 유역의 주요 수종인 소나무와 신갈나무를 대상으로 임분평균흉고직경과 기상인자의 관계를 규명하고자 수행되었다. 본 연구는 제5차 국가산림자원조사(NFI5)자료 중 임령, 임분평균흉고직경, ha당 본수자료를 사용해 임분단위의 평균흉고직경을 추정하는 모형을 개발하고, NFI6 자료로 검증을 실시하였다. 또한 안동댐 유역 수문기상관측소 6개소와 주변지역의 Automatic Weather System (AWS)의 관측자료에서 취득한 기온 자료를 사용하여 100m 공간해상도를 갖는 상세한 기상자료를 구축하였다. 연구대상지가 복잡한 산악 지형임을 고려하여 기온감률을 적용 후 Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) 보간법을 적용하여 점 형태의 기상자료를 면 형태로 재구축하였다. 이와 같이 구축된 정밀기상인자와 직경생장간의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과 기온 상승은 소나무에 부(-)의 영향을 주며, 참나무류인 신갈나무에는 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나 기존 연구들과 일치하는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구는 수문기상관측소와 AWS 자료를 연계하여 세밀한 기후지도를 구축하고, 이를 통해 유역규모의 임목생장과 기후인자와의 관계를 파악했다는 것에 의미가 있으며 지역규모의 산림변화 예측 및 관리 계획 수립을 지원할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권2_2호
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• pp.325-335
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• 2020

식생 높이는 높이-탄소식생량 추정 모델을 이용하여 식생탄소량은 측정하는데 사용된다. 접근이 힘든 지역의 망그로브 생태는 현장 자료를 취득하는데 어려움이 있으며, 제한적인 현장 자료로부터 대규모 식생량 및 탄소양모델을 연구하는데 한계점이 있다. 능동형과 수동형 원격탐사 기법이 망그로브 식생 연구에 활용되고 있으나, 공간 해상도의 한계로 인해 작은 규모의 특징을 감지하는데 문제가 있다. 이 논문에서는 TanDEM-X 자료를 이용하여 SRF 지역 12 m 공간 해상도 망그로브 식생 높이 분포를 측정하였다. 단일 편파를 사용하였지만, 수면과 망그로브 식생 사이에서 일어나는 이중 반사 현상을 이용하여 망그로브 숲 지역의 수면의 높이를 측정하여 식생 높이를 측정하는 새로운 인버젼 모델을 사용하였다. TanDEM-X 식생 높이 결과를 모자이크하여 SRF 전 지역의 대규모 식생 높이 지도를 제작하였다. 현장 자료와 검증한 결과 상관계수 0.83, RMSE 0.84 m로 나타났다. 전 세계를 관측한 TanDEM-X 자료를 이용하면, 고해상도 글로벌 망그로브 식생 높이 지도 제작이 가능함을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과들은 망그로브 식생탄소량 및 탄소 순환을 이해하는데 중요한 역할을 할것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.149-149
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• 2003

To understand environmental paths of the transport and accumulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a single cell multimedia fate model has been constructed and evaluated. The EDCs of concern were PAHs, Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs), PCBs, Alkyl phenols, and phthalates. An evaluation model was designed for the multimedia distribution, including air, water, soil, sediment and vegetation. This model was verified using reported values and via monitoring data. Based on collected data, the distribution trends of EDCs with respect to environmental media were analyzed. Those results have applied to the model for the prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution of EDCs in Seoul. Especially, phenol compound, phthalates, PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were estimated and the model was verified. This model was successfully conducted to environmental media, such as air (vapor and suspended particles), soils (forest soil, bare soil, and cement-concrete covered soil), water (dissolved and suspended solids), sediment, trees (deciduous and coniferous). The discrepancies between the model prediction and the measured data are approximately within or near a factor of 10 for the PAHs of three rings through that of six rings, implying that multimedia distribution of the PAHs could be predicted with a factor of 10. Concerning about the air equilibrium may be assumed, a fugacity at steady state is similar in all environmental media. Considering the uncertainties of this model, the use of equilibrium models may be sufficient for assessing chemical fates. In this study, a suggestion was made that modeling and estimation of chemicals in environmental multimedia be rigorously evaluated using the measured flux data. In addition, these data should be obtained, for example, from the precise and standardized inventory of the target chemicals. The model (EDC Seoul) will be refined in an on-going research effort and will be used to support decision-making concerning the management of EDCs.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1976

항공사진(航空寫眞)을 이용(利用)한 자원조사법(資源調査法)에는 지상법(地上法) 항공사진법(航空寫眞法) 및 지상병용법(地上併用法)이 있는데 본시험(本試驗)에서는 지상병용법(地上併用法)을 적용(適用)할때 그 정도(精度)를 검정(檢定)한 것이다. 충북(忠北) 보은군(報恩郡)을 대상(對象)으로 임상구분(林相區分)한 후 면적(面積)을 점격자법(點格子法)에 의(依)하여 확정(確定)시켰으며 임상도(林相圖)에서 820개(個)의 Sample plot를 계통적(系統的) 추출법(抽出法)에 의(衣)하여 추출(抽出)한 후 항공사진(航空寫眞)에서 수고(樹高) 수관밀도(樹冠密度) 수관직경(樹冠直徑) 등(等)을 측정(測定)하여 Stereogram과 대조(對照) 비교(比較)하여 ha당(當) 재적(材積)을 추정(推定)하였고 820개(個)의 약(約) 4.5%에 해당(該當)하는 38개(個) plot를 Double Sampling에 의(依)하여 추출(抽出)한 후 현지(現地) 측정(測定)하여 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 점격자법(點格子法)에 의(依)한 면적측정치(面積測定値)와 행정통계치(行政統計値)와의 사이에 유의차(有意差)가 없었다. 2. 추정치(推定値)와 실측치(實測値) 간(間)에 유의차(有意差)가 없었으며 계수(係數) b의 값은 1.18이였다. 3. 침엽수(針葉樹)의 수고측정(樹高測定)은 비교적(比較的) 용이(容易)하였으나 활엽수(濶葉樹)인 경우는 정부(頂部)가 흐려져 측정(測定)이 비교적(比較的) 곤란(困難)하였다. 4. 재적(材積)이 적은 임분(林分)에서는 과대평가(過大評價)를 재적(材積)이 많은 임분(林分)에서는 과소평가(過小評價)되는 경향(傾向)이 있었다. 5. 지상병용법(地上併用法)을 적용시(適用時)는 숙달(熟達)된 기술자(技術者)에 의(衣)하여 추진(推進)되어야 하겠으며 사진재적표(寫眞材積表) 조제(調製) 먼저 이루어져야 하겠다.