• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.125-140
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of covert narcissism and the sense of alienation with SNS addiction proneness and the influence of them on SNS addiction proneness in order to find a way to conduct an intervention for the SNS addiction proneness of middle school students, and verify the mediating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between covert narcissism, the sense of alienation, and SNS addiction proneness. For this purpose, data were collected online from the first to third grade middle school students who had the experience of using SNS within the past one week, and finally, the data of a total of 341 participants were used for analysis. First, as a result of the analysis of the correlation between covert narcissism, the sense of alienation, self-esteem and SNS addiction proneness, covert narcissism and the sense of alienation showed a significant positive correlation with SNS addiction proneness. On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and SNS addiction proneness. Second, the investigation of the effects of covert narcissism, alienation, and self-esteem on SNS addiction proneness showed that covert narcissism, the sense of alienation, and self-esteem had a significant effect on the SNS addiction proneness. The higher the levels of covert narcissism and the sense of alienation, the higher the level of SNS addiction proneness. On the other hand, the higher the level of self-esteem, the lower the level of SNS addiction proneness. Third, the mediating effect of self-esteem was verified for the relationship of covert narcissism and the sense of alienation with SNS addiction proneness. Although covert narcissism and the sense of alienation may directly affect SNS addiction proneness, it was found that they had a significant effect on the SNS addiction proneness through self-esteem as a mediating variable. In other words, it was found that as the levels of the covert narcissism and the sense of alienation were increased, the level of the self-esteem was lowered, which led to a higher level of SNS addiction proneness. In order to form a proper network culture for adolescents, education on appropriate use of SNS that can be put into practice in everyday life should be conducted, and healthy and desirable SNS culture should be created. In addition, systematic education and management should be provided so that students can develop the ability to control and regulate themselves.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.412-426
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to verify the structural relationship between covert narcissism, forgiveness, empathy, and marital satisfaction for Korean-American married couples and to discover the differences in covert narcissism, forgiveness, empathy, and marital satisfaction by gender and years married. Also this study aims to prove the mediating effects of forgiveness and empathy, and to examine the structural relationship differences across genders. For this purpose, a total of 248 married Korean Americans who live in South Carolina, Arizona and Texas were subjected for this research. The results of the study were as follows. First, covert narcissism showed a negative correlation with forgiveness, empathy and marital satisfaction. And there was a positive correlation between forgiveness, empathy and marital satisfaction. Second, the differences in forgiveness and marital satisfaction by gender and years married were significant. Third, as a result of the mediating effects test, empathy and forgiveness showed indirect influence between covert narcissism and marital satisfaction. Fourth, for married males the effects of covert narcissism on empathy, empathy on forgiveness, empathy on marital satisfaction were significant. For married females, the effects of covert narcissism on forgiveness, forgiveness on marital satisfaction were significant. Based on these results, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.237-250
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• 2021

This study reviewed the interpersonal relationship skill of university students who have the higher tendency of covert narcissism by adult attachment that is negative emotion among internal psychological states and to verify the mediated effect on adult attachment in the relationship between covert narcissism and interpersonal relationship skill so as to relieve their interpersonal problems. The study subjects included 447 university students in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, and survey research was conducted from July 6 to 31, 2020. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. Study results are as follows. First, covert narcissism of university students was shown to negatively affect interpersonal relationship skills. Second, covert narcissism of university students was shown to positively affect adult attachment. Third, adult attachment of university students was shown to negatively affect interpersonal relationship skills. Fourth, the significant mediated effect of adult attachment was found in the relationship between covert narcissism of university students and their interpersonal relationship skill. The study results imply that it is necessary to assist university students who are not good at developing interpersonal relationships to enhance their attachment level together with efforts to change covert narcissism.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.569-593
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of rejection sensitivity in pathological narcissism and dating violence, and to verify whether there is a gender difference in each variable, further examining the gender difference in the mediating pathways. The participants of this study were 381 men and women in 20s living across the country, and online self-report surveys was conducted regarding their experiences of pathological narcissism, rejection sensitivity, and four types of dating violence. As a result of verifying gender differences, it was found that women had a higher vulnerability to narcissism, rejection sensitivity and committed more psychological violence, sexual violence, and controlling behavior than men. As a result of the mediation analysis, it was found that rejection sensitivity partial mediated the effect of pathological narcissism on psychological violence and control behavior, but it showed a complete mediation effect on sexual violence. And there was no mediating effect of rejection sensitivity between pathological narcissism and physical violence. As a result of measuring the moderating effect of gender in this mediating pathways, the moderated mediating effect of gender was verified in the effect of naricissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability on control behavior through rejection sensitivity. These results show that pathological narcissism promotes psychological and sexual violence in both men and women, and rejection sensitivity acts as a mediator in this process. In addition, the effect of pathological narcissism on the control behaviors through rejection sensitivity was significantly higher in women than in men, indicating that there are gender differences in the mediated pathways. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

Objectives : This study compared covert narcissistic propensity in adolescents with internet addiction tendency to normal adolescents. Further, we investigated the correlation between such propensities and anonymity in cyberspace, presence feeling and interactivity in internet gaming, and achievement motivation in adolescents with internet addiction tendencies. Methods : Male middle school students with internet addiction tendencies (Addiction Tendency Group, N=27) and normal students (Control Group, N=29) were recruited. The scale of internet use, Covert Narcissism Scale, scale of achievement motivation, scale of anonymity in cyberspace, scale of presence feeling in internet games, and the scale of interactivity in internet games were administered. A comparison of the average scores and correlation analyses were performed. Results : 1) Compared with Control Group, the Addiction Tendency Group showed significantly higher scores on all subscales of the Covert Narcissism Scale, and both the scale of presence feeling and that of interactivity in internet games. Further, the score on the scale of achievement motivation for the Addiction Tendency Group was significantly lower than that of the Control Group. 2) In the Addiction Tendency Group, the scores on several subscales of the Covert Narcissism Scale were significantly positively correlated with the scores on the scale of presence feeling in internet games, anonymity in cyberspace, and interactivity in internet games. However, in the Control Group, the scores of several subscales on the Covert Narcissism Scale were significantly negatively correlated with the score on the scale of achievement motivation, and was significantly positively correlated with the score on the scale of interactivity in internet games. There were no other significant correlations between the scores on the subscales of the Covert Narcissism Scale and the scores of either presence feeling in internet games or anonymity in cyberspace. Conclusion : These results suggested that adolescents with a tendency to be addicted to the internet exhibited higher covert narcissistic propensities than normal adolescents and that the covert narcissistic tendencies were related with presence feeling in cyber games as well as with anonymity in cyberspace.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.178-189
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of covert narcissism on life satisfaction by applying ambivalence over emotional expressiveness for adults in their 20s and 30s in Korea. To this end, a self-reported survey was conducted on 433 adults, and data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. The results were as follows; First, covert narcissism had a positive correlation with the emotional expression ambivalence. Second, we were able to confirm that emotional expression falsified life satisfaction. Third, we were able to confirm that covert narcissism falsified life satisfaction. Fourth, the relationships between covert narcissism and life satisfaction as well as ambivalence and emotional expressiveness had mediating effects. Based on our results, we discussed the implications of understanding and proper emotional expression in the relationship between covert narcissism and life satisfaction of people in their 20s and 30s, which has been suppressed by identifying their role as a major parameter. In addition, this study was able to explore the causes of social problems for those in their 20s and 30s.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among narcissism, usage motives, usage behaviors, satisfaction with and continuance intention to use fashion social media. Research design, data, methodology - A questionnaire survey was used to collect data after conducting a pilot test. Based on the reliability test of the preliminary questionnaire used for the pilot test, the questionnaire was revised. The final questionnaires were administered to 238 fashion social media users and 216 were used for the data analysis. To assess the validity of these measures, exploratory factor analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis were performed. Structural equation modeling analysis were employed for data analysis. Results - Five factors of the usage motivation of fashion social media were extracted: information-seeking, relationship-seeking, practicality-seeking, enjoyment-seeking and self-expression motives. The statistical analysis confirmed the influence of the narcissism tendency on all of the usage motives of fashion social media, three of the fashion social media usage motives influencing information diffusion behavior, and the influence of the information diffusion behavior on users' satisfaction and continuance intention to use fashion social media. Narcissism exerted the highest influences on self-expression motive followed by information-seeking, enjoyment-seeking, relationship-seeking and practicality-seeking motives in order. Factors affecting fashion information diffusion behaviors are practicality-seeking motive, self-expression motive, and relationship-seeking motive. The greater the diffusion of information, the higher the satisfaction with using fashion social media. The consumers with higher satisfaction intended to use fashion social media and share information more frequently. Conclusions - The results indicate that narcissism is an important factor in fashion social media usage motivation. The main motives for narcissistic people to spread information is for the practical purpose at the most, and then to express their personality and style, and to build relationship with others. The satisfaction through active information sharing behaviors seems to play a key role to lead high continuance intention of fashion social media. These implies that marketing strategies to satisfy consumers' narcissism and motives to use social media, and to stimulate the information diffusion behaviors can be used to meet their needs for higher satisfaction with fashion social media.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.67-86
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of office workers' covert narcissism on organizational silence and identify the (Duel)mediation effects on fear of negative evaluation and the avoidance motivation. This study used a survey of 393 office workers to measure the covert narcissism, the organizational silence, the fear of negative evaluation and the avoidance motivation. The collected data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 23 and SPSS PROCESS macro in a Bootstrapping method. The result shows that the covert narcissism, the organizational silence, the fear of negative evaluation and the avoidance motivation have positive correlations. In addition, a simple regression analysis was used according to the research model and all of them showed adequate coefficient of determination between each variables. Next, the mediating model was verified by mediation of the fear of negative evaluation and the avoidance motivation. In the relationship between the covert narcissism and the organizational silence, the mediating effect of the fear of negative evaluation was not verified and the avoidance motive showed a partial mediating effect. Finally, in the relationship between the covert narcissism and the organizational silence, the fear of negative evaluation and the avoidance motivation were gradually mediated through the (Duel)mediation effects model, and the model was statistically significant. Through this study, The implications of this study were discussed, not only the limitations of the study but also the necessity of further research were discussed.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-47
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of prep-entrepreneurs psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intention. For this purpose, this study established Positive psychological capital and Public self-consciousness as variables of psychological characteristics based on Social Identity Theory and, as factors affecting Positive psychological capital and Public self-consciousness, established Narcissism, Self-compassion and Career ambition as independent variables based on self-affirmation Theory. In order to verify research hypotheses, 358 questionnaires collected from prep-entrepreneurs were used for the empirical analysis. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, narcissism and self-compassion has a positive effect on positive psychological capital. Second, career ambition has a positive effect on public self-consciousness. Third, positive psychological capital and public self-consciousness has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. As the outcome of Mediating effect positive psychological capital and public self-consciousness has a Mediating effect on the relationship between narcissism, self-compassion, career ambition and entrepreneurial intention. This study has a meaning in that it confirmed the influential relationship between the prep-entrepreneurs' psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, this study suggested its implications, limitations, and future research directions based on the study results.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2020

Individual personality traits are key factors that affect users' self-disclosure on SNS. We examined the relationship between an individual personality trait (i.e., narcissism) and three dimensions of self-disclosure behavior on Facebook (i.e., intention, level, and control of self-disclosure). A total of 261 Facebook users completed an online survey. The findings showed that more narcissistic individuals engage in deeper levels of self-disclosure and do so with greater intentionality than previous research indicated. More interestingly, narcissistic users simultaneously tend to control their expressions in public by concealing who they really are. Overall, these findings suggested that the self-disclosures on Facebook must not investigated by a single dimensions for better understanding of psychological dynamics of it users. In addition, the present research suggested that the narcissism should not be regarded as a predictor which simply gives either a positive or negative influence on self-disclosing behaviors in SNS.