• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2014

An efficient in vitro protocol has been established for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet conversion of Korean wild ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer). Wild-type and mutant adventitious roots derived from the ginseng produced calluses on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.3 mg/L kinetin; 53.3% of the explants formed callus. Embryogenic callus proliferation and somatic embryo induction occurred on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The induced somatic embryos further developed to maturity on MS medium with 5 mg/L gibberellic acid, and 85% of them germinated. The germinated embryos were developed to shoots and elongated on MS medium with 5 mg/L gibberellic acid. The shoots developed into plants with well-developed taproots on one-third strength Schenk and Hildebrandt basal medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. When the plants were transferred to soil, about 30% of the regenerated plants developed into normal plants.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.218-242
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• 2022

Background: Promising specific growth regulators are employed in the tissue cultures of various bamboo species. Specific natural hardening mixtures support the acclimatization and adaptation of bamboo under protected cultivation. Results: The growth regulators like 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA), Thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Kinetin, Gelrite, Benzyl Adenine (BA), Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), Coumarin, Putrescine, Gibberellic acid (GA₃), Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) has been widely used for callus induction, root regeneration and imposing plant regeneration in various species of bamboo such as Bambusa spp. and Dendrocalamus spp. Different combinations of growth regulators and phytohormones have been used for regenerating some of the major bamboo species. Natural hardening materials such as cocopeat, vermicompost, perlite, cow dung, farmyard manure, compost, soil, garden soil, and humus soil have been recommended for the acclimatization and adaptation of bamboo species. Standard combinations of growth regulators and hardening mixtures have imposed tissue culture, acclimatization, and adaptation in major bamboo species. Conclusions: Bamboo contributes to soil fertility improvement and stabilization of the environment. Bamboo species are also involved in managing the biogeochemical cycle and have immense potential for carbon sequestration and human use. This paper aims to review the various growth regulators, natural mixtures, and defined media involved in regenerating major bamboo species through in vitro propagation. In addition, the ecological benefits of safeguarding the environment are also briefly discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.409-414
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• 1992

Quercetin(3,5,7,3'-4'-OH-flavone)이 보리(Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon ASCHERS.) 자엽초 조직에서 옥신유발 에틸렌 생성을 현저히 촉진시켰다. $3{\times}10^{-5}\;M$의 quercetin에서 배양한 보리 자엽초 조직에서 옥신 유발 에틸렌 생성은 4시간 이후부터 증가되기 시작하여 8시간 이후에는 200%까지 증가되었다. Quercetin은 내재옥신인 indol-3-acetic acid(IAA)에 의한 에틸렌 생성은 촉진하나 합성 옥신인 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D)나 naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA)에 의한 에틸렌 생성에는 아무런 영향을 주지 않았다. 또한, 에틸렌 전구체인 1-aminocyclopropen-1-carboxylic acid(ACC) 유발 에틸렌 생성에도 촉진효과가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 에틸렌 생성에 대한 quercetin의 효과는 ACC 전단계에 작용한다는 것을 의미한다. Quercetin이 IAA 대사에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인한 결과 조직을 quercetin에 1시간 배양시켰을 때 조직내 IAA oxidase 효소 활성이 90% 감소되었으며, IAA conjugation에는 별 영향을 미치지 않았다. 따라서, 옥신 유발 에틸렌 생성에 대한 quercetin의 촉진작용은 quercetin이 IAA oxidase의 활성을 억제시켜 높아진 IAA 수준이 옥신 유발 에틸렌 생성을 증가시키는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.690-696
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• 2015

We micropropagated pear (Pyrus species) using shoot tips and nodal explants from three pear genotypes. The ability to establish shoot tip cultures, proliferate shoots, induce rooting, and acclimatize the resulting plantlets are all elements of in vitro micropropagation. Shoots were induced from shoot tips on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with five different plant growth regulator combinations. The highest shoot formation rates were achieved for the three genotypes using MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/L N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA₃). The maximum shoot number and shoot length for the three cultivars were recorded with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in multiplication medium using nodal explants produced from microshoots. Nodal explants with one or two axillary buds cultured for three weeks initiated roots on medium supplemented with various concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or/and IBA in half-strength MS medium for adventitious rooting. The highest rooting response was with the combination of 0.2 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L IBA. A combination of NAA and IBA resulted in a significant increase in the rooting ratio over NAA or IBA alone. In this medium, the root formation rate according to ranged from 68.9% for the BaeYun No. 3 genotype to 51.8% for the Hwanggeum genotype. We also investigated the influence of the concentration the polyamine phloroglucinol in rooting medium. For all three genotypes, the highest rooting ratio, longest root length, and greatest root number were observed in the treatments with 75-150 mg/L phloroglucinol. Most rooted plants were acclimatized successfully.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1988

비타민C의 급원식품인 콩나물의 생장과 비타민C의 함량을 식물 생장조절제에 의하여 조절할 목적으로 gibberellic acid$(GA_3)$, indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) 및 1-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAa)의 단독 및 혼합 처리를 하였을때 가장 적당한 식물 생장조절제의 종류 및 그 농도를 찾고 이 생장조절제가 비타민C의 생합성에 미치는 영향 및 당대사와 비타민C 생성과의 관계를 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 콩나물의 생장은 NAA는 $10^{-8}M$, IAA 는 $10^{-6}M$, $GA_3$는 $10^{-5}M$에서 각각 가장 양호하였다. $GA_3$와 NAA 혼합처리의 경우는 $GA_3\;10^{-5}M+NAA\;10^{-9}M$에서, $GA_3$와 IAA 혼합처리의 경우는 $GA_3,\;10^{-5}M+IAA\;$10^{-9}M$에서 양호하였고, 단독처리가 혼합처리에 비하여 양호하였으며 특히 IAA $10^{-6}M$ 처리에서 가장 좋았다. 생장이 비교적 양호한 NAA $10^{-8}M, IAA\;10^{-6}M,\;GA_3\;10^{-5}M,\;GA_3\;10^{-8}M+IAA\;10^{-6}M$ 및 $GA_3\;10^{-5}M+IAA\;10^{-9}M$의 각 처리구에서 비타민C의 생성 정도를 조사한 결과 콩나물 생장이 가장 양호하였던 IAA $10^{-6}M$ 에서 24.26mg%로서 그 함량이 가장 높았으며 대조구의 1.6배였다. 생장이 저해되지 않는 농도의 chloramphenicol(CAP) 처리에 의하여 ribulose diphosphate carboxylase(RuDpCO)는 저해되었으나 nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-glyceraldhyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH), galactonolactone dehydrogenase (GLD)의 활성 및 비타민C 함량은 저해되지 않았다. 따라서 비타민C의 생합성은 chloroplast RNA의 작용과는 직접적인 관련은 없고 cytoplasm과 밀접한 관련이 있다고 생각되었다. $IAA\;10^{-6}M$ 처리에 의하여 GLD 활성은 대조구의 1.8배로 촉진되었다. IAA $10^{-6}M$은 chloroplast와 cytoplasm RNA와 단백질의 생합성을 크게 촉진하였으며 cytoplasm에서 더욱 활발하였다. 따라서 IAA는 cytoplasm RNA를 조절하므로 여기서 지배되는 GLD의 생합성을 촉진시킨 결과 비타민C의 생합성이 증가된 것으로 생각되었다. 산화적 인산화 반응의 짝풀림 물질이 2,4+dinitrophenol 처리로 비타민C의 생합성은 저해되지 않았으나, 해당 저해제인 monoiodoacetate와 NaF 및 TCA 회로 저해제인 $NaN_3$와 KCN은 다같이 콩나물의 생장과 비타민C의 생합성을 크게 저해하였다

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2010

An efficient protocol for shoot regeneration was developed for sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) internodes using the transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) culture method. The frequency of shoot regeneration and the number of adventitious buds produced from regenerated shoots depend significantly on explant age, thickness of the tTCL sections, and the phytohormones supplemented to the culture medium. A combination of 6-benzyladenine (2.0 $mg\;l^{-1}$) and a-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$) was found to be the best phytohormone combination for shoot bud induction, with the maximum number of shoots obtained when the tTCL sections were 0.5-1.0 mm thick and derived from 4- to 6-week-old seedlings of sesame. Well-developed shoots were rooted on MS medium without phytohormones, and 80% of the regenerated plantlets were successfully established in soil.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2009

An efficient and reproducible plant regeneration system was established using transverse thin cell layers (tTCLs) in five cultivars of Brassjca juncea L. The effects of medium conditions, explant types (tTCLs of hypcotyl and cotyledonary petiole) on shoot regeneration were examined in this study. The maximum shoot regeneration frequency was obtained in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The hypocotyls derived tTCL explants had more shoot regeneration frequency (52%) than the cotyledonary petiole derived tTCL explants. Shoot induction was further improved by the addition of silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) in the regeneration medium. A significant genotypic effect was also observed between the five cultivars; Rai-5 displayed higher capacities to produce shoots than other cultivars. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS basal medium without PGRs which induced 90% of roots. The plantlets established in greenhouse conditions with 99% survival, flowered normally and set seeds. The regenerated plants were fertile and identical to source plants.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

This study was conducted to establish the optimal condition for conservation of genetic resources and micropropagation of Lilium cernum. Induction of bulbet of L. cernum was highly effective (9.2 bulb/explant) on 1/2 SH (Schenk and Hildebrandt) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L TDZ (Thidiazuron) and 0.1 mg/L NAA (Naphthaleneacetic acid). The treatment of 0.1 mg/L NAA increased root development (6.4 root/explant) under the in vitro condition. In addition, treatments of AC (Activated Charcoal) and ventilation were enhanced to develop number of shoots and to elongate length of leaf, bulb and root. Futhermore, the process of short-term soil acclimatization was promoted to strengthen the plantlets induced under the in vitro condition.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-61
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• 2003

Petiole explants from 20 cultivars of Catharanthus roseus were cultured on various shoot-inducing media to assess their competence for adventitious shoot formation. After eight weeks of culture on Murashige and Skoog' s medium supplemented with 4.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$6-benzyladenine and 0.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ $\alpha$-naphthaleneacetic acid, petiole explants from 'Cooler Icy Pink' exhibited the greatest frequency of adventitious shoot formation at 40%, which was followed by 'Little Bright Eye'. By comparing with a previous study on assessment of competence for adventitious shoot formation in hypocotyl explant cultures of various cultures, it is indicated that the relative degree of their competence among cultivars varies to the organ used for the source of explant. Excised adventitious shoots were readily rooted on half-strength MS basal medium. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transplanted to potting soil and grown to maturity in a greenhouse.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.116-119
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• 2002

번행초(Tetragonia tetragonoides)의 잎 절편으로부터 기내(in vitro) 증식을 유도 하였다. 2 mg/L BA와 0.5 mg/L NAA가 조합 처리된 MS 기본배지에서 잎 절편으로부터 직접 기관형성 과정을 통하여 부정아가 형성 되었다. 유기한 부정아는 절취하여 2 mg/L NAA와 0.5 mg/L BA이 첨가된 MS배지로 옮겨 유묘의 대량 증식을 시도하였으며, 배양 3주 후 신초의 지속적인 성장을 위해 무기염의 농도가 두배로 증가된 2MS배지로 옮겨 배양 하였다. 증식된 신초로부터 발근은 식물성장조절물질이 첨가되지 않은 1/2MS와 MS배지 모두에서 이루어 졌다.