• 생체재료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2018

Background: Recently, cancer immunotherapy has become standard for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy not only treats primary tumors, but also prevents metastasis and recurrence, representing a major advantage over conventional cancer treatments. However, existing cancer immunotherapies have limited clinical benefits because cancer antigens are often not effectively delivered to immune cells. Furthermore, unlike lymphoma, solid tumors evade anti-cancer immunity by forming an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). One approach for overcoming these limitations of cancer immunotherapy involves nanoparticles based on biomaterials. Main body: Here, we review in detail recent trends in the use of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy. First, to illustrate the unmet needs for nanoparticles in this field, we describe the mechanisms underlying cancer immunotherapy. We then explain the role of nanoparticles in the delivery of cancer antigens and adjuvants. Next, we discuss how nanoparticles can be helpful within the immune-suppressive TME. Finally, we summarize current and future uses of nanoparticles with image-guided interventional techniques in cancer immunotherapy. Conclusion: Recently developed approaches for using nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy have enormous potential for improving cancer treatment. Cancer immunotherapy based on nanoparticles is anticipated not only to overcome the limitations of existing immunotherapy, but also to generate synergistic effects via cooperation between nanoparticles and immune cells.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2024

In this study, the surfaces of two gold nanoparticles of different shapes were modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and used for contact lenses. The polymer was based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and spherical and sea urchin-shaped gold nanoparticles were used as additives. CTAB was used to modify the surface of the sea urchin-shaped gold nanoparticles. To analyze the physical properties of the prepared contact lens, optical transmittance, refractive index, water content, contact angle, and atomic force microscope (AFM) were measured and evaluated. The results showed the nanoparticles did not significantly affect optical transmittance, refractive index, or water content of the lens, and tensile strength increased according to the ratio of the additive. The addition of the sea urchin-shaped nanoparticles resulted in lower wettability compared with the spherical nanoparticles, but somewhat superior tensile strength. In addition, it was found that the wettability of the lens was improved when the surface-modified sea urchin-shaped gold nanoparticles were added. The types of gold nanoparticles and surface modification methods used in this study are considered to have great potential for use in ophthalmic materials.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.12.1-12.6
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• 2024

The current study aimed to determine the effect of silver and chitosan nanoparticles of size 10 to 30 nm on the dead of lice in vitro and in vivo to determine the optimal time and concentration to combat chicken lice. One hundred local chickens Gallus gallus domesticus were collected from Al-Diwaniyah province and 6 species of local chicken lice were isolated: Menacanthus stramineus, Menacanthus pallidullus, Menacanthus cornutus, Goniodes gigas, Cuclotogaster heterographus and Bonomiella columbae. The results of treating lice with chitosan and silver nanoparticles at concentrations (40, 60, and 80 mg/mL) in vitro and at different periods (5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes) after treatment showed that chitosan and silver nanoparticles at a concentration of 80 mg/mL are the most effective in killing lice. The dead rate of lice reached 100% after 15 minutes of treatment with chitosan nanoparticles and 100% in the case of silver nanoparticles after 30 minutes. The results of spraying chitosan and silver nanoparticles on the body of chickens infected with lice experimentally, based on the relative therapeutic efficacy within 30 minutes, indicated that silver nanoparticles were the most effective in completely killing lice in the group treated with a concentration of 80 mg/kg after 30 minutes, where the percentage of therapeutic efficacy was 96.7%. This was followed by chitosan nanoparticles at a concentration of 80 mg/kg, and the percentage of therapeutic efficiency was 91.5%. Chitosan and silver nanocomposite have a promising effect in the elimination of lice infestation in chickens.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.1501-1505
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• 2014

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to understand the structural arrangement of water molecules around highly charged nanoparticles under aqueous conditions. The effect of two highly charged nanoparticles on the solvation charge asymmetry has been examined. We calculated the radial distribution functions of the components of water molecules around nanoparticles which have four charge types at two different salt concentrations. Even though the distributions of water molecules surrounding a sodium ion and a chloride ion are hardly affected by the charges of nanoparticles and the salt concentrations, those around highly charged nanoparticles are strongly influenced by the charges of nanoparticles, but hardly by the charges of nanoparticles and salt concentrations. We find that the distributions of hydrogen atoms in water molecules around one highly charged nanoparticle are dependent on the magnitude of the nanoparticle charge.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2014

This study targets the pollutant removal of secondary effluent from final clarifiers in wastewater treatment plant using silver nanoparticles on activated carbon. The removal efficiency and treatment characteristics of pollutant are anlayzed by perfoming experiments using granular activated carbon with silver nanoparticles and ordinary granular activated carbon. The specific surface area of granular activated carbon with silver nanoparticles is smaller than that of ordinary granular activated carbon. However, the removal efficiency of $COD_{Mn}$, T-N and T-P in experiments using activated carbon with silver nanoparticles are higher than that in experiment using ordinary granular activated carbon. That means the case of activated carbon with silver nanoparticles is much better at treatment activity. In addition, activated carbon with silver nanoparticles has antimicrobial activity because there is no microbe on the surface of it after experiments.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2014

Among the various nanoparticles reported for commercial applications, considerable interest has been generated by the use of silver nanoparticles. Owning to extremely small size, silver nanoparticles exhibit enhanced properties when compared with the bulk material. In this research work, silver nanoparticles were prepared by the reduction of silver salt with a reducing agent by a solvothermal method using different solvent mediums such as ethanol, hexane, toluene and acetone with water. The prepared silver nanoparticles were characterized systematically by X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed the formation of pure silver phase and nano-sized particles. Among the different solvent mediums used, the silver nanoparticles prepared by hexane and water as solvent mixture resulted in very low particle size.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2016

In the recent years, noble nanoparticles have attracted and emerged in the field of biology, medicine and electronics due to their incredible applications. There were several methods have been used for synthesis of nanoparticles such as toxic chemicals and high energy physical procedures. To overcome these, biological method has been used for the synthesis of various metal nanoparticles. Among the nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have received much attention in various fields, such as antimicrobial activity, therapeutics, bio-molecular detection, silver nanocoated medical devices and optical receptor. Moreover, the biological approach, in particular the usage of natural organisms has offered a reliable, simple, nontoxic and environmental friendly method. Hence, the current article is focused on the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their application in the biomedical field.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.294-303
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• 2014

Objectives: Excretion and tissue distribution of titanium oxide nanoparticles were evaluated in rats after oral administration. The relation between toxicity and systemic concentration of nanoparaticles was investigated. Methods: Rats were orally treated with titanium oxide nanoparticles (10, 100 mg/kg) for five consecutive days. General toxicity, blood chemistry, and serum biochemical analysis were analyzed. Titanium concentration in liver, kidney, lung, urine and feces were measured and histopathology was performed in these organs. Results: Induction of toxicological parameters was not observed and titanium nanoparticles were excreted via feces. Conclusion: Absorption of titanium oxide nanoparticles via the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration was very poor and systemic concentration of titanium oxide nanoparticles was not elevated. Titanium oxide nanoparticles did not cause toxicities in rats after oral administration.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

This paper deals with the stability analysis of concrete pipes mixed with nanoparticles conveying fluid. Instead of cement, the $Fe_2O_3$ nanoparticles are used in construction of the concrete pipe. The Navier-Stokes equations are used for obtaining the radial force of the fluid. Mori-Tanaka model is used for calculating the effective material properties of the concrete $pipe-Fe_2O_3$ nanoparticles considering the agglomeration of the nanoparticles. The first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is used for mathematical modeling of the structure. The motion equations are derived based on energy method and Hamilton's principal. An exact solution is used for stability analysis of the structure. The effects of fluid, volume percent and agglomeration of $Fe_2O_3$ nanoparticles, magnetic field and geometrical parameters of pipe are shown on the stability behaviour of system. Results show that considering the agglomeration of $Fe_2O_3$ nanoparticles, the critical fluid velocity of the concrete pipe is decreased.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2002

In the present study of IGC (Inert Gas Condensation) evaporation-condensation processing study, the effects of IGC convection gas on the crystallographic structure, size and shape of tin oxide nanoparticles were investigated. In addition, the phase transformation of tin oxide nanoparticles was studied after heat treatment. IGC processing was conducted at 1000℃ for 1 hr. The mixture gas of oxygen and helium was used as a convection gas. Metastable tetragonal SnO nanoparticles were obtained at a lower convection gas pressure, whereas amorphous tin oxide nanoparticles were obtained at a higher one. The formation of amorphous phase could be explained by the rapid quenching of the vaporized atoms. The resultant nanoparticles size was about 10 nm with a rounded shape. The tin oxide nanoparticles prepared by IGC were almost transformed to the stable tetragonal SnO₂ after heat treatment.