• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
• /
• pp.178-191
• /
• 2003

OMC is essentialiy necessary compound in sun goods as organic UV protecting products. But the skin-trouble problem is raising because of skin penetration of OMC. In this study, non-capsulated pure OMC was compared with Organic-Inorganic-Nano-hybrid OMC for skin penetration force and SPF degree. Organic- Inorganic Nano-Hybrid OMC is OMC trapped in the pore of the mesoporous silica synthesized by the sol-gel method after OMC is nanoemulsified in the system of the hydrogenated Lecithin/ Ethanol/caprylic/capric triglyceride/OMC/water. OMC- nano- emulsion was obtained by a microfluidizing process at 1000bar and then micelle size in the nanoemulsion solution is 100-200nm range. Mesoporous silica nano-hybrid OMC was prepared by the process; surfactant was added in dissolved OMC-Nanoemulsion, then the rod Micelle was formed. OMC-nanoemulsion was capsulated in this rod Micelle and then silica precursor was added in the OMC-nanoemulsion solution. Through the hydrolysis reaction of the silica precursor, mesoporous silica concluding OMC-Nanocapsulation was obtained. The nano-hybrid surface of this OMC-Nanoemulsion-Inorganic system was treated with polyalkyl-silane compound. OMC-Mesoporous silica Nano-hybrids coated with polyalkyl-silane compound show the higher sun protecting factor (SPF Analyzer: INDEX 10-15) than pure OMC and could reduce a skin penetration of OMC. The physico-chemical properties of these nano-hybrids measured on the SPF index, partical size, strcture, specific surface area, pore size, morphology, UV absorption, rate of the OMC dissolution using SPF Analyzer, Laser light scattering system, XRD, BET, SEM, chroma Meter, HPLC, Image analyzer, microfluidizer, UV/VIS. spectrometer.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2010

Hydrogels are thought to be a promising delivery carrier for protein drugs because of their favorable aqueous environment compared with nano/micro-particles of hydrophobic polymer such as PLGA. In this study, nano-sized hydrogels (nanogels) were fabricated using inverse-miniemulsion polymerization method. The mean size of nanogels in range of 90-160nm and affected by the preparation parameters such as sonication time and concentration of monomer. While longer sonication time and lower concentration of acrylamide monomer showed a tendency to produce smaller nanogels and to have lower lysozyme activity, variation of bis-methylene acrylamide concentration made no difference. Although both longer soncaton time and lower acrylamide concentration increased in vitro release rate, acrylamide concentration was more effectively affected to the control of protein release rate, which indicated that the release rate of protein from nanogels affected by not only their size but also internal structure. In conclusion, nanogels prepared by inverse-miniemulsion can be a useful carrier for application of protein drug, because of simple process, minimum contact of organic solvent and high protein activity.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.52-69
• /
• 1996

Nano-Sized TiO$_2$ particles with diameter between 2 and 5 nm are synthesized in Water/Triton X-100/n-Hexane microemulsion. Particles show the amorphous structure and partially hydroxide form. The optical absorbance of particles appears at 250nm and band edge at 340nm. Gold metal is deposited on the surface of TiO$_2$ particles by reduction reaction of Au(III) ion with sodium hypophosphite. The size of gold-deposited particles is 20nm, and the optical absorbance appears at 270nm and at 550nm. So particles show the red color. The dense precipitation is formed by aggregation in the TiO$_2$ nano-sized particles of about 5nm size. But the bulky precipitation is formed by agglomeration phenomena in the gold-deposited particles of 20nm size. And also gold-deposited particles is easily dispersed by being re-dispersed in PEG/Water solution. This study has compared those things measuring the SPF characteristics of the cosmetics made of the synthesized particles. If the particle size is controlled appropriately, then the SPF value will be higher, or more colorless cosmetics will be made.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.279-285
• /
• 2009

This paper has described about preparation of $Zr^{4+}$ affinity column based on the poly(styrene-co- gly-cidyl methacrylate) prepared by emulsion polymerization of styrene and glycidyl methacrylate in order to isolate phosphopeptide. The $Zr^{4+}$ ions were introduced after the phophonation of an epoxy group on polymeric microspheres. The successful preparation of $Zr^{4+}$-immobilized polymeric microsphere stationary phase was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectra, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. The separation efficiency for $Zr^{4+}$ affinity column prepared by slurry packing was tested to phosphonated casein and dephosphonated casein. The resolution time (min) of the phosphonated casein was higher than that of dephosphated casein for $Zr^{4+}$ affinity polymeric microsphere by liquid chromatography. This $Zr^{4+}$ affinity column can be used for isolation of phosphonated casein from casein using liquid chromatography.

• Fibers and Polymers
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2006

Cotton fabric was treated with montmorillonite (MMT) so as to evaluate its effectiveness on improving its wrinkle resistance. The MMT in emulsion form was applied to cotton fabric by padding and finally the wrinkle resistance of the MMT-treated cotton fabric was improved. Furthermore, instrumental methods were used for studying the presence of MMT particles on the cotton fabric surface. It was noted that nano-scale MMT particles adhered on the fiber surface and the particle size played an important role in influencing the wrinkle resistance of the cotton fabric. The experimental results are discussed thoroughly in this paper.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.347-358
• /
• 2011

Two different schemes were adopted to fabricate ordered macroporous structures with face centered cubic lattice of air spheres. Monodisperse polymeric latex suspension, which was synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization, was mixed with metal oxide ceramic nanoparticles, followed by evaporation-induced self-assembly of the mixed hetero-colloidal particles. After calcination, inverse opal was generated during burning out the organic nanospheres. Inverse opals made of silica or iron oxide were fabricated according to this procedure. Other approach, which utilizes ceramic precursors instead of nanoparticles was adopted successfully to prepare ordered macroporous structure of titania with skeleton structures as well as lithium niobate inverted structures. Similarly, two different schemes were utilized to obtain disordered macroporous structures with random arrays of macropores. Disordered macroporous structure made of indium tin oxide (ITO) was obtained by fabricating colloidal glass of polystyrene microspheres with low monodispersity and subsequent infiltration of the ITO nanoparticles followed by heat treatment at high temperature for burning out the organic microspheres. Similar random structure of titania was also fabricated by mixing polystyrene building block particles with titania nanoparticles having large particle size followed by the calcinations of the samples.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.1161-1172
• /
• 2009

Food nanoemulsion systems consisting of water and oleoresin capsicum (OC), polyoxythylene sorbitan esters (Tween 20, 40, 60, and 80), propylene glycol (PG), sucrose monostearate (SM), and their corresponding mixtures were formulated to use as food vehicles. Tween 80 produced OC nanoemulsions with stable dispersions as one-phase systems, and the dertermined emulsification efficiencies clearly distinguished the ability of the various surfactants to emulsify OC. The nanoemulsions were prepared by both ultrasonication and self-assembly, and the nanoemulsion areas were determined using phase diagrams by measuring the sizes of the emulsions. One-phase nanoemulsions were presented, with a multiple cloudy region and phase separation that were dependent on the particle size of the emulsion. The OC nanoemulsions prepared by ultrasonication using systems of OC/Tween 80/water, OC/Tween 80/water+PG, and OC/Tween 80/water+SM, resulted in particle sizes ranging from 15 to 100 nm. Finally, the nanoemulsions maintained their initial sizes during storage, ranging from 65 to 92 nm.

• 접착 및 계면
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2012

2단계 유화중합에 의한 단분산의 블루칼라 착색 poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) 라텍스를 성공적으로 제조하였다. 0.21 ${\mu}m$의 polystyrene 시드를 이용하여 중합 2단계에서 Blue 606 염료와 acrylic acid의 중합으로 carboxyl 음이온을 갖는 블루칼라 라텍스를 합성하였다. 본 연구에서 제조한 블루칼라 라텍스는 모두 1.01 이하의 우수한 단분산도를 가지며 0.25~0.42 ${\mu}m$ 범위의 입자경을 나타내었다. 중합 2단계에서 acrylic acid 부가시간이 늘어남에 따라 입자경은 증가하였고 30 min 이상으로 늘어남에 따라 콜로이드 안정성을 갖는 블루칼라 라텍스가 제조되었다. 20 wt% AA 농도에서 -145 mV의 제타전위와 $-9.4{\times}10^{-6}\;cm^2/Vs$의 전기영동이동도를 나타내었다. 25 wt% DVB 농도하에서 396.7 K의 높은 유리전이온도를 나타내었다.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.727-732
• /
• 2012

양이온성 및 음이온성 계면활성제로 합성된 poly(butyl acrylate)(PBA), polystyrene(PS) 에멀젼을 다양한 농도로 혼합하여 높은 수율의 압력가소성 고분자 블렌드로 제조하였다. 이들 입자간의 heterocoagulation은 각 에멀젼의 농도에 크게 의존하였지만, 일정한 비율의 음이온과 양이온 사이에서만 진행되었고, 사용된 고분자의 양에 상관없이, 거의 균일한 조성의 블렌드가 얻어졌다. 비슷한 방법을 이용하여 음이온성 PBA와 양이온성 PS 나노입자에 음이온성 실리카 나노입자를 정전기적으로 첨가함으로써 정량적인 PBA/PS/Si 블렌드를 제조하였다. PBA/PS/Si 블렌드는 $25^{\circ}C$, 13.8MPa, 10분의 조건에서 압축성형으로 가공되었으며, 2 혹은 5 wt%의 실리카가 첨가된 시편의 경우, 반투명의 필름형상으로 성형되어 3.0 MPa의 인장강도와 25MPa의 탄성계수를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2004

화장품에서 유기 화합물인 OMC(octyl methoxy cinnamate)와 무기 소재인 TiO$_2$가 자외선 차단제로 가장 보편적으로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 OMC는 skin trouble이 있고, TiO$_2$는 첨가량에 비해서 자외선 차단 효율이 OMC보다 낮고 입자의 크기효과에 의해 백탁 현상이 나타나는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 두 성분이 갖는 단점을 보완하는 방법으로 OMC를 나노에멀젼시키고, 이 나노에멀젼-OMC를 나노-TiO$_2$ 미립자로 포접하여 자외선 차단효과를 극대화 하면서, 피부에 OMC가 직접적으로 적용하지 못하도록 하는 방법을 연구하였다. 특히 계면활성제를 boundary로 하는 유기/무기 hybrid nano-material에서 TiO$_2$ 미립자와 OMC-에멀젼이 나노 크기가 되면 백탁 현상이 나타나지 않는 투명한 화장품을 제조할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 나노-에멀젼 OMC를 TiO$_2$로 포집하는 과정에서 hydrophilic character를 갖는 레시친으로 TiO$_2$를 안정화하여 보습성을 더욱 향상시켰다. 합성한 inorganic-organic hybrid nano-material는 TEM을 이용하여 나노 미립자의 morphologies를 규명하였고, UV-Visible spectrometer를 이용하여 자외선 흡수를 측정하였다. 또한 X-ray diffractometer를 이용하여 나노-에멀젼 OMC를 포집하고 있는 TiO$_2$ 미립자가 갖는 특성인 pore의 크기와 구조를 측정하였다. 화장품적인 응용으로서 SPF analyzer 측정결과 기존의 powder-OMC에 비하여 우수한 자외선 차단 효과를 나타내었으며, OMC의 피부 침투도 훨씬 줄일 수 있어 OMC의 피부 부작용을 크게 줄일 수 있을 것이다.>$\pm$0.06 $\mu$g/g 범위였다. 4. 날결명자 분말첨가군 각 조직에 축적된 카드뮴 함량이 제일 낮았던 C4를 Cl과 비교한 결과 뇌, 심장, 비장, 간, 폐, 고환, 신장, 대퇴부근육, 다리뼈에 각각 49.03, 22.56, 36.02, 35.75, 41.75, 36.20, 37.00, 22.77, 56.67 %의 감소를 보였으며, 각 장기의 함량은 뇌<다리뼈<대퇴부 근육<고환<폐<심장<비장<신장<간 순 이었다. 5. 카드뮴 총 섭취량으로 장기 및 조직의 카드뮴 평균함량에 대한 축적율은 카드뮴만 섭취한 군(Cl) 의 경우 7.14%이었으며, 결명자 분말 첨가군인 C2, C3, C4군의 경우 각각 4.91, 4.81, 4.50 %이었다. 6. 체모의 카드뮴 함량은 Cl군이 가장 높았고, 결명자 첨가군들의 카드뮴 함량은 6주째까지 모든 시험군에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 6주 이후에는 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 7. 분변 중 카드뮴 함량은 C4군이 가장 높았고, 결명자 첨가군들의 카드뮴 함량은 C3군과 C4군을 제외한 나머지 군들에서 완만하게 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 6주째에 카드뮴 함량이 감소되는 경향을 보였다가 6주 이후에 다시 카드뮴 함량이 증가하는 경향이었다.erefore the guidelines for iron supplementation and nutritional education to improve their iron status should be provided.한 질소제거를 N-balance로부터 구해보면, R3 반응조의 경우가 가장 높은 제거율(40.9%)을 보였다. 이상의 결과들을 볼 때, Bncillus 균주는 호기적 탈질을 일으킬 수 있는 가능성이 있고, Bncillus 균주를 이용한 B3 공정은 탈질에 이용되는 탄소량이 거의 없고, 적은 alkalinity 소모에 의한 경제적 이익 등 장점을 가진 공정으로 보여 진다.수록 푹신한 감이 있는