• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.287-292
• /
• 2005

Objective : Kainic acid[KA] enhances the expression of nitric oxide synthase, increases nitric oxide[NO], and thus evokes epileptic convulsion, which results in neuronal damage in the rat brain. NO may stimulate cyclooxygenase type-2 [COX-2] activity, thus producing seizure and neuronal injury, but it has also been reported that KA-induced seizure and neurodegeneration are aggravated on decreasing the COX-2 level. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the suppression of NO using the NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester[L-NAME], suppresses or enhances the activity of COX-2. Methods : Silver impregnation and COX-2 immunohistochemical staining were used to localize related pathophysiological processes in the rat forebrain following KA-induced epileptic convulsion and L-NAME pretreatment. Post-injection survival of the rat was 1, 2, 3days and 2months, respectively. Results : After the systemic administration of KA in rats, neurodegeneration increased with time in the cornu ammonis [CA] 3, CA 1 and amygdala, as confirmed by silver impregnation. On pretreating L-NAME, KA-induced neuronal degeneration decreased. COX-2 enzyme activities increased after KA injection in the dentate gyrus, CA 3, CA 1, amygdala and pyriform cortex, as determined by COX-2 staining. L-NAME pretreatment prior to KA-injection, caused COX-2 activities to increase compared with KA- injection only group by 1day and 2days survival time point. Conclusion : These results suggest that L-NAME has a neuroprotective effect on KA-induced neuronal damage, especially during the early stage of neurodegeneration.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.1 no.6
• /
• pp.809-816
• /
• 1997

The present study was designed to investigate whether endogenous nitric oxide(EDNO) is involved in submandibular vasodilation and salivation induced by parasympathetic nerve stimulation. Effects of $N^w$-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) which blocks the synthesis of EDNO from L-arginine on the submandibular vasodilation and salivation induced by chords stimulation or administration of various vasodilators were examined in anesthetized cats. Effect of L-NAME on $K^+$ efflux induced by carbachol was also examined using the excised submandibular slice in vitro. In the submandibular slices, acetylcholine$(10^{-5}\;mol/L)$ or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide$(VIP,\;10^{-5}\;mol/L)$ increased $NO_2$ contents, which was Prevented by pretreatment with L-NAME. Salivary secretion in response to the chords stimulation$(3\;V,\;1\;msec,\;10{\sim}20\;Hz)$ was completely blocked by treatment with atropine(1 mg/kg). Increased blood flow response to the low frequency(1, 2, 5 Hz) stimulation was significantly reduced, whereas the blood flow induced by the higher frequency(10,20 Hz) stimulation was not affected. Lingual-arterial infusion of L-NAME(100 mg/kg) significantly diminished the vasodilatory and salivary responses to the chorda stimulation at all stimuli frequencies used. Intra-arterial infusion of L-NAME(100 mg/kg markedly diminished the vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine$(5\;{\mu}g/kg)$, VIP$(5\;{\mu}g/kg)$ or bradykinin$(5\;{\mu}g/kg)$. In the excised submandibular slice, $K^+$ efflux in response to carbachol$(10^{-5}\;mol/L)$ was significantly decrease by pretreatment with L-NAME$(10^{-5}\;mol/L)$. In the isolated submandibular artery precontracted with phenylephrine$(10^{-5}\;mol/L)$, the vasorelaxation induced by ACh$(10^{-7}\;mol/L)$ was reversed into a contraction by methylene blue$(10^{-4}\;mol/L)$. These results suggest that EDNO may play an important role in vasodilation and secretion of the submandibular gland.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.489-497
• /
• 2007

Named entity translation plays an important role in many applications, such as information retrieval and machine translation. In this paper, we focus on translating person names, the most common type of name entity in Korean-Chinese cross language information retrieval (KCIR). Unlike other languages, Chinese uses characters (ideographs), which makes person name translation difficult because one syllable may map to several Chinese characters. We propose an effective hybrid person name translation method to improve the performance of KCIR. First, we use Wikipedia as a translation tool based on the inter-language links between the Korean edition and the Chinese or English editions. Second, we adopt the Naver people search engine to find the query name's Chinese or English translation. Third, we extract Korean-English transliteration pairs from Google snippets, and then search for the English-Chinese transliteration in the database of Taiwan's Central News Agency or in Google. The performance of KCIR using our method is over five times better than that of a dictionary-based system. The mean average precision is 0.3490 and the average recall is 0.7534. The method can deal with Chinese, Japanese, Korean, as well as non-CJK person name translation from Korean to Chinese. Hence, it substantially improves the performance of KCIR.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.328-335
• /
• 2017

The Korean medicinal plant name written in Chinese script, Jingyo, is somewhat confusingly used in the Korean modern literature. This name was assigned to at least three species, with examples being Gentiana macrophylla, Aconitum pseudolaeve, and Justicia procumbens. To clarify the taxonomic identity of Jingyo, these names were examined based on the Chinese classics and Korean classics and compared them with the modern flora of both China and Korea. In China, Jingyo was considered as Justicia gendarussa or Gentiana macrophylla. In Korea, Jingyo was considered as A. pseudolaeve or J. procumbens. However, it was concluded that Jingyo is not distributed on the Korean Peninsula. In addition, although the Hangeul name Jinbeom was the result of the misreading of the Chinese script Jinbong, another Chinese term for Jingyo, this name is used in many modern studies related plant taxonomy. Hence, we also propose Jinbeom as the conserved Hangeul name of A. pseudolaeve.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.56 no.12
• /
• pp.658-666
• /
• 2018

This study analyzes 21,686 dental clinic business names from 1946 to February 2016, where official records exist. The results of this study will be used as a historical data of Korean dental clinic and contribute to the decision of dental clinic name. According to the results of analysis, the first official dental clinic used in Korea was 'Chu' in 1946, 'Minsaeng' and 'Chusaeng' in 1958, and "Won" in 1959. In the 1960s, dentists' family names were often used as dental clinics. In the 1970s, dental clinic names were often used as dentists' family name, 'Jung-ang' and 'Seongsin'. In the 1980s, dental clinic name was used more than other names such as 'Seoul', 'Yonsei', 'Hyundai' and 'Sang-a' along with the dentist's family name. In the 1990s, a dental clinic name was used to refer to the words 'Yeonsei', 'Seoul', 'Hyundai', 'Sang-a', 'Isalang', 'Uli', 'Jeil', 'Bubu' used a lot. In the 2000s, Dental Clinic's name began to use english words such as $^{\circ}{\AE}Good$ Morning','White','Prime 'and adjectives such as 'Haengboghan', 'Ipyeonhan'. The characteristic of the dental clinic name in 2010 is the increase of the business name 'UD'. From 1946 to February 2016, the most commonly used dental clinic name was 'Seoul', 'Uri', 'Isarang', 'Yonsei', 'Hyundai', 'Good Morning' 'Jung-ang', 'UD', 'I', 'Miso'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.151-164
• /
• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate curriculums of physical therapy department in order to provide the basic data for developing educational standard. Methods : We identified the curriculums of physical therapy department in the world from January to may 2010 by internet, e-mail, fax and telephone. We compared the credits, education semesters, the names of departments, the numbers of departments for physical therapy education in all countries of the world and suggested some alternative for improvement. Results : The mean credits of 25 senior colleges were 140 and the mean credits of 22 Junior colleges were 136.6 in south Korea. The mean educational semesters and the mean credits were 9 semesters, 175.8credits of 1,363 universities in 73countries in the world. Of the 1,289 universities in the world, South Korea was ranked the fifth in the number of existing physical therapy education institutions with the number of 72. The name of department were comprised of physical therapy(1,289, 94.6%) and compound name(75, 5.4%) Conclusion : We suggest that the KAPT gradually rearranges senior college(4years), 170 creditS and consider time of community services and forms commission on accreditation in physical therapy education for developing educational standard. Also, we suggest to change the name of department into compound name because the student can have a chance to studies various subjects and get a chance to more occupations. We hope that the results of study can be helpful in order to rearrange the curriculum and the KAPT encourages the universities about following the educational standard.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2018

One of the characteristics of academic writing is the inclusion of citations and references. As the development of reference styles used for international scholarly communication has mostly been led by Western academic societies, the reference styles developed in Western nations do not reflect the characteristics of Korean names. As a result, it is hard to distinguish Korean authors through citations based on Western reference styles, which in turn decreases the retrieval efficiency of relevant authors and ultimately the efficiency of scholarly communication. This paper intends to analyze author name disambiguation of Korean authors indicated according to Western reference styles. It aims to suggest the necessity for enhancing name disambiguation of Korean authors and revision of reference styles. Its ultimate goal is to increase the efficiency of scholarly communication through the improvement of name disambiguation of Korean authors. For this purpose, this study collected and analyzed name data of Korean researchers and compared name disambiguation of authors by reference style. Based on research results, this study confirmed a necessity for revising reference styles to improve name disambiguation of authors and suggested a necessity for research into the improvement of plans for revision.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2010

Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were orally administered with $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME) which inhibits or blocks the production of nitric oxide from L-arginine in vascular endothelial cells and vessel tissue to statistically examine the effects of nitric oxide on some physiological changes such as blood pressure and heart rate, and to confirm the apoptosis induced by the suppressed nitric oxide activity in some related organs under light microscope. Systolic blood pressure significantly increased 28.5% by the chronic treatment of L-NAME for 8 weeks (P<0.001), no significant difference, however, was observed in heart rate between the control group and the L-NAME-treated group regardless of their age. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed some histological alterations only in kidney among the examined organs; heart, liver, pancreas, and adrenal gland from the L-NAME-treated group. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) test showed a strong positive reaction, representing that the chronic treatment of L-NAME facilitates apoptosis, in the cortex and medulla of kidney, but not any significance detectable in the other organs. These results conclude that chronic treatment of L-NAME significantly increases blood pressure, and that the followed inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis occurs a typical inducement of apoptosis in kidney.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.629-640
• /
• 2011

This research analyzed the naming standard of Korea menu names divided into two groups, main dish and side dish. The research was conducted by contents analysis of selected literature articles and multiple-response cross tabulation analysis. The result demonstrated that the naming standard of Korea food consisted of the main ingredient name - sub ingredient name - main condiment name and main recipe. On the other hand, the menu name that is in native language or has a historical origin is exempt from this classification. Therefore, this study proposes a new standard, 'Hansik Menu Naming', to assist the food service industry and correct the names of unknown foreign dishes.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 1999

This is a study on village names in a plain region of Changnyeong-Gun, a mountain region of Bonghwa-Gun and an island region of Namhae-Gun. The three regions differ in geographical features. The data are based on 455 village names in Changnyeong-Gun, 552 village names in Bonghwa-Gun and 275 village names in Namhae-Gun found in the 1 : 50,000 topographic map. The method of this study is to analyze the word structures of village names in the five basic concepts in geography : Man-Land(Natural Environment and Human Activities). Spatial Relation, Distribution, Region and Transition. The main results of this study are as follows: 1. Naming of villages are related to Natural Environment(41%), Human Activities(23%), Region(17%), Spatial Relation(13%), Distribution(5%), and Transition(3%). Of these six factors, Changnyeong-Gun is relatively dominant in village names related to Spatial Relations, Region and Transition ; Bonghwa-Gun Natural Environment and Namhae-Gun Human Activities and Spatial Relations. But the three Guns are absolutely dominant in village names related to Natural Environment and Human Activities. 2. A village name is divided into the specific name part(given name) and the generic name part(classified name). Names related to Human Activities, Spatial Relations, Distribution and Transition are more frequently found in the specific name part. Therefore, they are used as the given name of a village name. Whereas names related to Natural Environment and Region are more frequently found in generic name part, which means that they are used as the classified name of a village. 3. The word structure of a village name usually has two parts a frontal part(given name) and a rear part(classified name). The two parts have a particular pattern in the geographic concept when they are combined. 1) In the village names related to in their frontal part of the word structure, is more frequently combined as their rear part in Bonghwa-Gun, in Namhae-Gun and in Changnyeong-Gun. 2) In the village names related to in their frontal part of the word structure, is more frequently combined as their rear part in Changnyeong-Gun, in Namhae-Gun and in Bonghwa-Gun. Accordingly, Man(Human Activities) - Land (Natural Environment) can be considered the most important concept in the naming of villages, because the concept is most frequently used in the word structures of village names.