• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.102-116
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• 2020

After its introduction in Korea, nail art is becoming active, especially among women in their 20s and 30s who are interested in fashion and beauty. Although self-nail tips are available online in various designs for each brand that is currently on the market, these designs and sizes of self-nail tips on the market are different for each age group. Since the design or size is not suggested for the different situations, there are difficulties in purchasing products that match the shape and size of nails of consumers. In this study, frequency analysis was performed using 'SPSS statistics 21.0 for windows program' to analyze data obtained by direct measurement method and 3D scanner measurement method for Korean women in their 20s. For comparative analysis between direct and 3D scanner measurements, a corresponding sample, 'T-test', was performed. As a result, we proposed the standardization of nail tip size after comparative analysis between direct measurement and 3D scanner measurement. Previous studies have been proceeding with direct measurement method. However, this study introduced a 3D scanner measurement method in the nail field and attempted the standardization of nail size by age group of Korean women. Importantly, this sutdy suggests standardization of nail tip size among missing body sizes.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.318-325
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• 2019

This study analyzes current self-nail tips and nail-tip satisfaction. The study method selected from 3 domestic and 3 overseas companies analyzed current self-nail tips based on brand recognition and sales rate. A questionnaire was conducted on 261 adult women in their 20s and 50s about the satisfaction of nail care and self-nail tips. The results are as follows. As a result to analyze the current nail tips, there were products that did not contain the type of nail tip or the composition and ingredients of the glue. An online survey of the sizes of the current nail tips indicated differences in the sizing system method and that the presented sizes are different. The response rate was the highest for the survey results on why self-nail tips were preferred for respondents who prefer self-nail tips because the price was cheap. The reason why they did not prefer self-nail tips was that the degree of completeness was lower and the fitness was not good. In addition, it showed a high response rate in that the adhesive strength was poor and the size did not fit the nails. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a size for nail types by ergonomic design and develop a self-nail tip that can reduce nail damage.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.377-382
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• 2007

Purpose: Hook nail deformity is caused by inadequately supported nail bed due to loss of distal phalanx or lack of soft tissue, resulting in a claw-like nail form. A composite graft from the foot bencath the nail bed gives adequate restoration of tip pulp. Methods: From September of 1999 to March of 2004, six patients were treated for hook nail deformity and monitored for long term follow up. Donor sites were the lateral side of the big toe or instep area of the foot. We examined cosmetic appearance and nail hooking and sensory test. The curved nail was measured by the picture of before and after surgery. Results: In all cases, composite grafts were well taken, and hook nail deformities were corrected. The curved nail of the 4 patients after surgery were improved to average $28.7^{\circ}$ from average $55.2^{\circ}$ before surgery. The static two point discrimination average was 6.5mm and the moving two point discrimination average was 5.8mm in the sensory test. Conclusion: Composite graft taken from foot supports the nail bed with the tissue closely resembling the fingertip tissue, making it possible for anatomical and histological rebuilding of fingertip.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.99-100
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• 2009

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose is to perform objective evaluation for rotator cuff using ultrasonography and validate factors influencing cuff integrity as well as efficacy of follow-up ultrasonography after unreamed antegrade intramedullary nailing for humerus fracture. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with an average age of $55.7{\pm}18.6$ years underwent antegrade intramedullary nailing for humerus fracture and follow-up ultrasonography of shoulder joint. Mean follow-up period was $43.5{\pm}32.2$ months. Intraoperative evaluation for preoperative cuff tear was performed, of which four cuffs were repaired by single row repair technique. Clinical evaluation included visual analogue scale (VAS), range of motion, Korean Shoulder Scoring System (KSS) and American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed on cuff integrity and protrusion of proximal nail tip as well. Radiographic evaluation included time to union, protrusion of proximal nail tip and migration of proximal interlocking screw which could affect shoulder joint function. Results: Mean VAS at last follow-up was $1.65{\pm}1.84$ points. Range of motion showed forward flexion of $137.0{\pm}33.5^{\circ}$, external rotation of $43.5{\pm}12.7^{\circ}$ and internal rotation of $16.4{\pm}2.0^{\circ}$ while KSS score and ASES score were $79.6{\pm}20.7$ and $83.7{\pm}17.0$ points, respectively. Bone union was demonstrated in all cases and average time to union was $3.4{\pm}1.3$ months. Migration of proximal interlocking screw was shown in 6 cases (35%). On ultrasonographic evaluation, there were normal in 8 (47%), weaving in 4 (24%), partial tear in 5 cases (29%), but no complete tear. Protrusion of proximal nail tip was demonstrated in 8 cases (47%) on plain radiographs whereas in 11 cases (65%) on ultrasonography and was associated with increasing age (p=0.038). Ultrasonographic weaving and partial tear was associated with protrusion of proximal nail tip (p=006), but not with repair of preoperative tear (p>0.05). Conclusion: Because weaving and partial tear on ultrasonography originated from protrusion of proximal nail tip, careful insertion of nail and meticulous repair of cuff during operation lead to stable fixation with satisfactory recovery of shoulder function follow-up ultrasonography can be a useful tool for evaluating protrusion of nail tip and rotator cuff tear, of which diagnosis is difficult on plain X-ray after antegrade intramedullary nailing for humerus fracture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.1079-1083
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• 2009

In this study, the pullout resistance characteristic of a wedge-shaped soil nail, made by attaching small steel sticks to the tip of a nail in a wedge shape, was investigated. It was developed to improve the overall pullout resistance capacity of the existing soil nail system, composed of nail and grout, by making the wedge provide additional pullout resistance. In order to evaluate the pullout resistance of the wedge shape-soil nail, field pullout tests were conducted, and the results were compared with those for the existing soil nail without the wedge. The field test results showed that the pullout resistance capacity of the wedge-shaped soil nail was 50% larger than that of the existing soil nail without the wedge.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.763-766
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• 2005

The restoration of the fingernail is not simple in case of amputated distal fingertip which involved the pulp and nail. The nail should maintain a length of at least 2 mm from the eponychium for an adequate grip and decent appearance. Various methods to reconstruct the fingernail bed are available. The nail bed graft from amputated finger or great toe, and free onychocutaneous flap are commonly used. The nail bed of the injured tip tends to be atrophied, deformed and failed as a graft. And the great toe is often turned down as a donor. We have restored satisfactorily the nail beds of three injured finger tips with eponychial cutaneous flaps. The pulps were reconstructed with either a reverse dorsal digital island flap or free pulp graft. Repeated again. A mean follow- up was six months. The nail grew up to the average of 3.7 mm. All patients were satisfied with the length of the nail and met with good cosmetic results. An eponychial cutaneous flap is useful to restore the nail of the distal fingertip amputation. The procedure is relatively simple and morbidity is minimum.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the oxygen saturation measured at fingertips with unpolished and self-artificial nails (sticker, tip) using a portable pulse oximeter. Methods: The sample comprised 27 women who had used nail care services. Using a pulse oximeter, oxygen saturation was measured at fingertips with unpolished nails in a stable state. Self-fabricated sticker and tip nails were attached to the right and left hands, respectively, using five nail colors (black, blue, green, purple, and brown). Oxygen saturation was measured at fingertips with self-fabricated nails first in the usual manner and then measured again by rotating the oximeter by 90°. Values of oxygen saturation were compared and analyzed using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction using IBM SPSS 26.0. Results: Oxygen saturation values were significantly different among colors for both sticker nails (p=.036) and tip nails (p=.000), with black self-artificial nails tending to demonstrate lower oxygen saturation. Moreover, oxygen saturation values obtained by measuring the usual way on unpolished nails was significantly different than those obtained by rotating the oximeter by 90° on thumb with sticker (p=.001) and tip nails (p=.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that oxygen saturation should be measured on other fingers except for thumb instead of removing the self-artificial nails in emergency situations. For patients with black self-artificial nails, is the findings recommend measuring oxygen saturation at other body parts such as toes, earlobes, forehead, etc.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.55-62
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• 2016

The frequency slope over a year due to climate collapse is connected with huge casualties and property damage, but the situation rarely reduce the damage that gradually increases in size. In order to suppress this, engineers are improved better reinforcement and continued efforts to improve the shear force or withdrawal force. In this study, the GangWhaGu attached to the nail tip that improves the soil nail pullout resistance, and a method to increase the nail integral GangWhaGu maximize the contact area soil - by increasing the friction of the grout seems to increase the effect of slope stability. In order to validate the experiment to determine the effect of reinforcing the soil nail pullout tests of indoor and Behavior GangWhaGu nail and through field tests were conducted and applicability. Experimental results, the case of a pull-out test compared to the GangWhaGu nail through the tensile force of the nail were to increase by approximately 20%.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2003

It has been known that the vessels of the finger tip are very small and have many branches, so the anastomosis of this vessel is very difficult. But when this operation achieves success, the replanted finger tip provides adequate soft tissue, restoration of the length, sensory and nail. The authors describe the result of finger tip replantation in 94 patients, 103 finger tips, from October 1999 to June 2002. We performed the salvage procedure in all cases. The success rate of finger tip replantation was 74.8%. We achieved higher success rate, when we succeeded anastomosis of the central artery. The function of the replanted fingers was good. The average TAM was 80% and patient satisfaction was high. We be live that we can achieve higher success rate by anastomosing central artery and performing delicate salvage procedure.