• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.474-485
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• 2016

This study compared the fatty acid composition of wild and cultured specimens of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. We extracted total lipids from the specimens and determined their fatty acid compositions through capillary gas chromatography, resulting in the identification of 53 fatty acids. We found that wild sea cucumbers were rich in palmitoleic (C16:1n-7) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), whereas cultured specimens were rich in eicosenoic (C20:1n-9) and arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6). In both types of sea cucumbers, the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consisted of polar lipids (PL), followed by total lipids (TL) and neutral lipids (NL). Cultured sea cucumbers contained a higher percentage of total lipids (TL) than wild sea cucumbers did, whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups in the percentages of neutral (NL) and polar lipids (PL).

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1992

This study was aimed to observe dose-response effects of squid liver oil enriched in n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFA) on the metabolism of streptozotocint(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this experiment, 24 STZ-induced diabetic male rats of Sprague Dawley strain were divided into 4 groups and fed for 4 weeks with basal diet(0%). 33%,67% and 100% squid liver oil(SLO) of total fat content, and 6 normal rats were fed with 0% SLO diet at the same time. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Rat group fed with 33% SLO diet showed the least body weight loss and changes in blood glucose, while ones of 100% SLO diet showed the highest level. 2. Serum total protein and ratio of albumin to globulin of all the groups were below the standard level, but did not show significantly different among diet groups. 3. Serum creatinine concentration of all the groups were stayed whthin normal range, but BUN were 3 to 4 times higher than normal rats. BUN concentration of rats fed with 0% and 33% SLO diet was significantly lower than those of others. 4. Total-cholesterol level of serum increased in all the groups except 33% SLO diet, but since HDL-chol, levels and TG concentration went up with an incerase of SLO in the diets, the ratio of HDL-chol. to total-chol, of rats fed with 67% and 100% SLO diet showed higher than those with 0%, and 33% SLO, and TG concentration of rats fed with 67% and 100% SLO diet decreased significantly.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.521-526
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• 2009

지질은 생체내에서 여러 가지 중요한 기능을 한다. 하지만 부적절한 식이 섭취로 인한 지방산의 불균형은 성인병을 비롯한 여러 질병의 원인이 된다. 이러한 이유로 지방산에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 특히 어류나 해조류에 다량 포함되어 있는 n-3계 다중불포화지방산과 질병과의 관련성이 밝혀지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 염생식물이 n-3계 다중불포화지방산을 함유할 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 26종의 염생식물에 대하여 지방산의 조성과 함량을 조사하였다. 용매 추출된 염생식물 시료는 gas chromatography를 이용하여 분석이 이루어졌으며, 그 결과, 퉁퉁마디, 수송나물, 염주괴불주머니, 사철쑥, 갯질경 등이 높은 총지방산 함량을 나타냈다. 또한 포화지방산인 palmitic acid (16:0)는 실험 대상 전체에서 나타났을 뿐만 아니라 그 %함량도 대부분의 염생식물에서 가장 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 불포화지방산의 경우, 단일불포화지방산에서는 oleic acid (18:1)가 그리고 n-6계 다중불포화지방산에서는 linoleic acid (18:2)가 높은 %함량을 보였다. 그리고 n-3계 다중불포화지방산 중에서 천일사초가 26.40%로 LNA의 함량이 가장 높았으며, 뒤이어 모래지치, 수송나물, 갯메꽃 순으로 나타났다. EPA의 함량은 상대적으로 낮은 비중으로 나타났으나 칠면초가 1.89%로 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. DHA는 여러 대상 식물에서 비교적 높은 함량을 보였으며 특히 흰명주아뀌가 14.54%로 높은 함량을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 염생식물이 해조류나 어류의 n-3계 다중불포화지방산의 함량에 있어서 뒤지지 않음을 보여줄 뿐만 아니라 천연물 화학적이나 식품학적 추가 연구를 통해 여러 질병의 예방과 치료분야에도 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2001

The effect of $\alpha-Tocopherol\;(\alpha-Toc)$ level in diet on the biochemical property of sweet smelt, Plecoglossus altivelis, was investigated. The cultured sweet smelt fish were fed two different diets for 8 weeks; a control diet was added $0.01\%$ of $\alpha-Toc$ (CO group) and an experimental diet was added $1.00\%$ of $\alpha-Toc$ (HT group). Both diets were rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), accounting for $12.3-13.2\%$ and $12.1-12.4\%$, respectively. Growth rate (GR) and feed efficiency (FE) were almost no difference between both groups, but female fish of both groups were superior to male fish in GR and FE. Lipid contents of muscle and ovary were high in CO group compared with HT group, but that of testis showed a similar level in both groups. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in muscle showed almost no difference in sex and between both groups. In testes, the proportion of PUFA was 1.35 times for HT group to 1.54 times for CO group as much as in ovaries, in which was high approximately 1.5 times compared with muscle. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and hydroxyl (OH) radical levels of plasma were higher in CO group than HT group and superoxide dismutase activity was also slightly high in the former. The intensity of watermelon-like or cucumber -like aroma was related positively with TBARS and OH radical levels in plasma. The level of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (CHOL) in plasma of CO group was higher than those of HT group. Survival rate was high in CO group with higher level of TG and CHOL in plasma.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.444-449
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• 2006

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of cheese byproduct on performance, egg quality and fatty acid profile of egg yolk lipids from laying hens. One hundred five 30-wk-old White leghorn laying hens were randomly distributed into five groups of twenty one hens each and maintained in individual laying cages for 4 weeks. The hens were assigned to five treatments that consisted of corn-soybean meal based diets containing 0, 1, 3, 5 or 10% of cheese byproduct. Feed intake and rate of egg production of hens were not significantly different across the treatments during the whole experiment (p>0.05). Similarly, egg yolk cholesterol level, egg weight, Haugh's unit, eggshell thickness, color, and strength were not significantly different across the treatments (p>0.05). The amount of C16:0 in egg yolk was not significantly different across the treatments, but that of C18:0 decreased with increased cheese byproduct (p<0.01). Monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1 and C18:1) content in egg yolk was similar across the treatments. Total CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA content increased linearly with increased cheese byproduct (p<0.001), while trans-10, cis-12 CLA amount was not significantly different across the treatments (p>0.05). Total saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the egg yolk was decreased as the level of cheese byproduct including CLA increased (p<0.01). However, the amount of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) such as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 PUFA, and total PUFAs in the egg yolk were not significantly different across the treatments (p>0.05). Therefore, the present results showed that cheese byproduct beneficially improved the fatty acid composition of concern to human health in the egg yolk without adverse effects on egg quality.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2006

The chemical components, lipid class, and fatty acid composition of muscle from male and female common squid, Todarodes pacificus, were examined to evaluate the potential utilization of muscle from fin, head, arms, and tentacles, which consumers usually like less than the mantle. The mantle was found to constitute 47-49% of the total muscle and the proportion was slightly higher in females than in males. For the remaining 51-53% of the muscle, the only gender difference was that the arms of males contained approximately 3% more muscle than those of females (P<0.05). The protein content was higher in the mantle, arms, and tentacles than in the fin and head in both males and females (P<0.05), and was slightly higher in males (15.7-20.7%) than in females (15.1-19.2%). By contrast, the lipid content was slightly higher in females (1.82-2.54%) than in males (1.01-2.37%), and the fins in both males and females contained the most lipids (2.37-2.54%) of all muscle. The prominent lipid classes in the muscles were free sterol (males 81.5-91.9% vs. females 84.9-91.8% for the non-polar lipid content), phosphatidylcholine (PC, males 59.3-62.4% vs. females 49.2-57.8% for the phospholipid content) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, males 22.0-28.8% vs. females 25.6-33.8% for the phospholipid content). The percentage of PC was approximately 5-10% higher in males (P<0.05), especially in the fin, while that of PE was approximately 3-5% higher in female (P<0.05), especially in the head. All of the squid muscle contained 52.1-54.9% of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Males contained slightly more DHA, whereas female contained more EPA. The total percentage of n-3 PUFA differed little among muscles within the same gender.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.735-747
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• 2023

The composition of fatty acids determines the flavor and quality of meat. Flavor compounds are generated during the cooking process by the decomposition of volatile fatty acids via lipid oxidation. A number of research on candidate genes related to fatty acid content in livestock species have been published. The majority of these studies focused on pigs and cattle; the association between fatty acid composition and meat quality in chickens has rarely been reported. Therefore, this study investigated candidate genes associated with fatty acid composition in chickens. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on 767 individuals from an F2 crossbred population of Yeonsan Ogye and White Leghorn chickens. The Illumina chicken 60K significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data and 30 fatty acids (%) in the breast meat of animals slaughtered at 10 weeks of age were analyzed. SNPs were shown to be significant in 15 traits: C10:0, C14:0, C18:0, C18:1n-7, C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, C20:0, C20:2, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, C24:0, C24:1n-9, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). These SNPs were mostly located on chromosome 10 and around the following genes: ACSS3, BTG1, MCEE, PPARGC1A, ACSL4, ELOVL4, CYB5R4, ME1, and TRPM1. Both oleic acid and arachidonic acid contained the candidate genes: MCEE and TRPM1. These two fatty acids are antagonistic to each other and have been identified as traits that contribute to the production of volatile fatty acids. The results of this study improve our understanding of the genetic mechanisms through which fatty acids in chicken affect the meat flavor.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.312-319
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• 1991

n-3계 EPA 및 DHA를 함유하고 있는 어유 및 $\alpha$- linoleic acid 함량이 많은 들깨유와 n-6계 linoleic acid 의 함량이 많은 옥수수유 및 고추종자유, n-6계 inoleic acid 함량이 많고 ${\gamma}$-linoleic acid를 약 10% 함유한 달맞이꽃종자유가 흰쥐의 혈청 지질 개선에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 혈청 지질 성분을 분석한 결과, 총콜레스테롤 농도는 어유, 들깨유, 옥수수유 급여군이 대조군인 올리브유 급여군 보다 낮은 반면 고추종 자유, 달맞이꽃종자유 급여군에서 높았다. HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 고추종자유, 달맞이꽃종자유 급여군에서 약간 높게 나타났다. 총콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도비는 전 실험군에서 대조군보다 높았다. 유리콜레스테롤은 고추종자유 급여군을 제외한 전 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의성있게 낮았으며 특히 어유, 들깨유 및 옥수수유 급여군에서 더욱 낮게 나타났다. 콜레스테롤 에스테르 농도는 n-6계 다불포화지방산 함량이 많은 고추종자유, 달맞이꽃종자유 군에서 높았다. 총콜레스테롤에 대한 콜레스테롤 에스테르 농도비는 대조군인 올리브유 급여군(62%)보다 전 실험군(70.0%~74.4%)에서 높게 나타났다. 인지질 농도는 어유 및 들깨유 급여군에서 낮았고, 중성지질 농도는 대조군에 비해 들깨유, 어유, 달맞이꽃종자유 군에서 현저히 낮았다. LCAT 활성은 대조군보다 돈지 급여군에서 높은 반면, 다른 실험군에서는 낮게 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.824-831
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• 2012

The objective was to compare meat quality, muscle fiber characteristics, lipid oxidation and fatty acids of Limousin (LIM), Simmtental (SIM), Luxi (LX), Qinchuan (QC) and Jinnan (JN) offered the same diet in China. After finishing, eight bulls from each breed were randomly selected for slaughter at 18.5 months old. Longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle was taken from the carcass for meat quality evaluations. Breed had little effect on most of meat and fat color parameters except for Hue and $b^*$ in which QC had lower values. LIM showed higher pH (24 h) and better water holding capacity than other breeds. LIM showed the lowest dry matter content but the highest crude protein. LX and LIM had higher percentage and density of red muscle fiber than other breeds. Lipid oxidations were significantly lower in LIM than in QC, with the LX, SIM and JN having the intermediate values. Compared to other four breeds, QC provided the highest values of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 fatty acids and n-3 fatty acids. In conclusion, LIM scored better on most of meat quality characteristics; however, local breeds such as LX and QC also had better muscle fiber characteristics and better fatty acids composition.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.779-784
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• 2016

We evaluated seasonal variations in the proximate, fatty acid and total amino acid compositions and mineral content of the muscles of wild and cultured Korean bullhead Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. The wild and cultured samples showed a significantly higher proportion of crude lipids than other components. Crude lipid content was highest in May in wild fish but lowest in May in cultured fish. We found no significant difference between wild and cultured samples in terms of fatty acid and total amino acid compositions and mineral content. The levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as well as n-6/n-3, were higher in the muscles of wild fish compared with those of cultured fish. However, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) levels were higher in cultured fish. Both wild and cultured fish were good sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosa hexaenoic acid (DHA). In wild fish, the Mg and Zn contents were highest in August, while the Ca, P, Na, K, Fe, and Cu contents were highest in May. However, the mineral content of the cultured fish did not exhibit significant seasonal variation.