• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 1998

Soybean and tobacco tissue cultured with modified MS media containing 4 different ratio(as N) of nitrate to ammonium combination which were 3:0, 2:1, 1:2 and 0:3. The highest callus growth in soybean were observed in the 2:1 medium. The medium containing nitrate only was detrimental to soybean callus growth. Tobacco callus grown with nitrate-only grew as well as those in the 2:1 and very slowly with ammonium-only. In tobacco callus, the total nitrogen in the callus increased with the increase of nitrogen concentration in the medium, but in soybean callus, the opposite result was noted. Nitrate reductase activity in tobacco callus was high when grown with nitrate-only but low with ammonium-only. In case of soybean callus, nitrate reductase activity was high in the 2:1 and remarkably low in nitrate-only medium. Both in soybean and tobacco callus, the activity of glutamine synthetase was high with nitrate-only, but low with ammonium.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 1985

This study was conducted to evaluate herbicide resistant plant through tissue culture. Callus was induced from embryos of Echinochloa crusgalli Beauv. (var, oryzicola Ohwi, var. caudata Kitagawa and var, crusgalli). An optium medium for callus induction and succinate dehydrogenase activity in inducted callus were detected and callus growth of various varieties of Echinochloa crusgalli was assessed under the treatment of various rates of butachlor[N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide]. MS medium seemed to be the most appropriate to induce callus from the embryos of varieties of E. crusgalli by using 2,4-D about 5.5mg/l as a hormone source. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase in inducted callus showed positive reaction against to TTC(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) regardless of concentrations of butachlor and varieties of E. crusgalli, indicating that all the callus induced were alive. The callus growths derived from seeds of E, cnesgalli were greatly affected by various rates of butachlor and were completely inhibited at the highest concentration of butachlor, $10^{-3}M$, regardless of varieties of E. crasgalli. $10^{-6}M$ of butachlor inhibited 24.6% of the callus growth of E. crusgalli Beauv, var. oryzicola Ohwi, while E. crusgalli Beauv. var. crusgalli showed 42% of inhibition, showing that there was difference in response of varieties of E. crusgalli Beauv. to butachlor.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 1987

In order to know the growth of suspended cells by explant sources, the change of nitrogen contents of cultured cells following the growth periods, capability of micro-callus formation according to cell plating methods, growth of suspended cells on various media, and efficiency of micro-callus formation by using growth regulators and different N strengths were investigated. 1. When suspension culture was tried by using the callus induced from internode and petiole, cell fresh weight and packed cell volume increased with similar way and the growth reached at stationary phase after 12 culture days. 2. N-contents of cultured cells increased upto 3 days and decreased around 6days. But the values increased again upto 9 days, after that they showed gradual decreases. 3. Of cell plating methods, embedding method was the best for micro-callus formation. 4. Growth of suspened cells showed the rest performanoes, when they were cultured on LM medium with 1/2N strengths and BAP 0.01.2.4-D 0.1, and NAA $1.0mg/{\ell}$, after 15 cultured days(upto 76.9 folds). LM medium was better than MS or GD. The combination of auxin and cytokinin was better for cell growing than auxin-treatment only. 5. Micro-callus from single cell and small cell aggregates was formed only on MS and LM media with 2,4-D $1.0mg/{\ell}$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 1995

In order to investigate the effects of gelling agent on rice anther culture, anthers of rice (Japonica cv Daecheongbyeo) were cultured on N$_{6}$ media supplemented with 0.8, 1.2 or 1.6% Junsei agar and 05, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 or 1.0% Gelrite (Phytagel, Sigma). On Junsei agar media, the frequency of callus induction was decreased in proportion to agar concentration. The frequency of callus induction was more increased as 67.6% and 54.8% in media containing 0.4 and 0.6% Gelrite than in agar media. The frequency of plant regeneration and spontaneous doubled-diploid was directly proportional to Junsei agar and Gelrite concentration. The number of green and spontaneous doubled diploid plant was highest on 0.6% Gelrite medium. In order to optimize the concentration of growth regulators for the callus induction medium containing 0.6% Gelrite, anthers were cultured on N$_{6}$ media supplemented with 2mg/L NAA, 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 1mg/L NAA and 1mg/L 2, 4-D, or 1mg/L NAA, 1mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5mg/L kinetin. The maximum frequency of callus induction and plant regeneration was obtained from the medium supplemented with 2 mg/L NAA and 0.6% Gelrite. In conclusion the induction of embryogenic callus, the frequency of plant regeneration and in vivo chromosome doubling was more effective in Gelrite media than in Junsei agar media.dia.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.335-340
• /
• 2002

To evaluate the efficiency of anther floating culture according to the maturing group, the varietal difference and classification of fifty varieties was conducted in N6 liquid medium containing 1mg $l^{-1}$ NAA, 0.25 mg $l^{-1}$ kinetin. The efficiency of callus induction was widely ranged from 0 to 113.4%, but the mean callus induction was not significantly different among maturing groups. The efficiency of anther floating culture showed the highest variation in early-maturing group among three maturing groups. The varieties with the best callus induction were Sambaegbyeo and Jinbuolbyeo, while the recalcitrant variety was Obongbyeo in early-maturing group. The efficiency of plant regeneration showed the highest trends in late-maturing group among three maturing groups. The fifty varieties were classified into three groups (distance=0.78) by cluster analysis based on the callus formation and plant regeneration. Group including only two varieties, Shinunbongbyeo and Sambaegbyeo had the excellent androgenic efficiency, and the medium efficiency of Group was included thirty-six varieties. Whereas twelve varieties, including three Tongil varieties were fell into the bad efficiency of Group. Especially, Tongil varieties containing Japonica rice, Obongbyeo were the recalcitrant genotypes for the anther floating culture.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of copper in the efficiencies of callus formation and plant regeneration of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomarata L.). Seeds were cultured on MS medium containing $2\;mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D and different concentrations ($0.1-100\;{\mu}mol$) of copper sulfate. Plant regeneration was achieved on N6 medium containing $1\;mg/{\ell}$ NAA, $5\;mg/{\ell}$ kinetin and $0.1-100\;{\mu}mol$ of copper sulfate. Callus formation was not affected by copper incorporation into MS medium. However, the efficiency of plant regeneration was promoted by copper and the maximum efficiency was obtained when $70\;{\mu}mol$ copper was incorporated in the culture medium. The average number of regenerated plants from the seed-derived callus was also increased by copper.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.265-270
• /
• 2004

Plant regeneration from seed-derived callus of Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L. cv. Kenblue) was investigated. Callus induced on the medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/L BAP showed highest frequency of plant regeneration on the regeneration medium supplemented with 1 mg/L NAA and 5 mg/L kinetin. Callus induced in the dark condition showed higher regenerability than that induced in the dim light. MS medium was better than N6 and B5 medium in enhancing plant regeneration. Maltose was superior to sucrose in plant regeneration as carbon source in the medium.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2002

Induction of embryogenic callus from Allium wakegi Araki explants was promoted on medium containing 2,4-D, and production of abnormal embryos from the embryogenic callus increased as 2,4-D concentration was raised. Shoot tip was found to be the best explant source for embryogenic callus formation followed in the order by bulb scale and leaf section. Medium containing 0.09 M sucrose was effective for embryogenic callus production. The regenerants from embryogenic callus on medium containing 2,4-D and BA at different concentrations was consisted of diploids, tetraploids and a few mixaploids of 2n＋4n, and their chromosomal aberration rate ranged from 8.0 to 33.3%. Frequency of chromosomal aberrants was the highest (18.7%) in the regenerants obtained from bulb scale-derived embryogenic callus among others. Plant regeneration rate was high (33.5%) from the shoot tip-derived embryogenic callus and the frequency of chromosomal aberrants was very low (7.0%). The plantlets regenerated on medium containing 0.26 M sucrose resulted in high chromosomal aberrants. The regenerants on medium containing sucrose at 0.09∼0.20 M produced chromosomal aberrants at around 15.2∼16.6%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.74 no.1
• /
• pp.56-60
• /
• 1986

Excised mature embryos of P. koraiensis were plated on a series of G.D. basic media supplemented with growth regulators as follow; $0.1mg/{\ell}$ NAA(M-1); $0.1mg/{\ell}$ NAA and 2,4-D (M-2); $0.1mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D and BAP (M-3); $0.1mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D and kinetin (M-4). Cytological study of the callus showed that thercentage of occurrance of diploid cells was observed 52% in M-3 and 36% in M-4, while that was revealed 29% in M-1 and 17% in M-1. The frequency of diploid cells was increased on the M-3 and M-4 media. The stable chromosome state is a crucial factor for organogenesis. Therefore, it can be inferred that the callus tissues cultured on media supplemented with both auxin and cytokinin have the greatest possibility of organogenesis.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.137-147
• /
• 1994

We have established a high-frequency plant regeneration system via organogenesis from mature seed of Korean lawngrass(Zoysia japonica Steud.). The effects of 2,4-dichiorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 6-furfuryl amino purine (kinetin), $\alpha$-naphthaiene acetic acid (NAA), N6-benzyl amino pu-rine (BAP), and casein hydrolysate (CR) on cailus induction and multiple shoot formation on ex-posure to light were evaluated. Callus produced on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4-D and kinetin had high organogenesis potency. A single addition of 1.0 mg $L-^1$ 2,4-D significantly induced callus. Also, 1.0 mg L-$^1$ 2,4-D, with the addition of 0.1 mg $L-^1$ kinetin highly enlianced callus induction. The trend of cailus induction was also found on mediurn containing 0.1 mg $L-^1$ BAP with 1.0 mg $L-^1$2,4-D, and 1 g $L-^1$ CR with the addition of 1.0 mg $L-^1$ 2,4-D. However, NAA was no effective on callus formation. The growth of root was significantly high in the presence of 0.1 mg $L-^1$ kinetin compared to other concentrations. Over 2 mg $L-^1$ kinetin highly lengthened roots. Fresh weight of plantlet was highest on medium containing 0.1 mg $L-^1$ 2,4-D. Also, on medium containing 0.1 mg $L-^1$ BAP, fresh weight of piantlet was highly enhanced. BAP was significantly effective on multiple shoot formation, particularly when 2.0 mg $L-^1$ was added with 0.1 mg $L-^1$ 2,4-D. Callus induction and multiple shoot formation were achieved on MS basal medium containing 1.0 g $L-^1$ CH.