• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2023

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare complication that occurs in less than 1% of ectopic pregnancies, and uterine didelphys is one of the rarest uterine forms. We report a successful laparoscopic excision and repair of CSP in a woman with uterine didelphys and a double vagina. A 34-year-old gravida one, para one woman with a history of low transverse cesarean section presented to our hospital with a suspected CSP. She was confirmed to have uterine didelphys with a double vagina during an infertility examination 7 years earlier. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 2.5-cm gestational sac-like cystic lesion in the lower segment of the right uterus at the cesarean scar. We decided to perform a laparoscopic approach after informing the patient of the surgical procedure. The lower segment of the previous cesarean site was excised with monopolar diathermy to minimize bleeding. We identified the gestational sac in the lower segment of the right uterus, which was evacuated using spoon forceps. The myometrium and serosa of the uterus were sutured layer-by-layer using synthetic absorbable sutures. No remnant gestational tissue was visible on follow-up ultrasonography one month after the surgery. This laparoscopic approach to CSP in a woman with uterine didelphys is an effective and safe method of treatment. In women with uterine anomalies, it is important to confirm the exact location of the gestational sac by preoperative imaging for successful surgery.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2023

Background: Water deer and sika deer, which breed in the wild environment, are known to have similar reproductive physiology mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the differences in uterine development between water deer and sika deer during estrus. Methods: MMPs and uterine development-related factors were analyzed and morphological differences were compared in the uterus of sika deer captured near Russia near Korea and water deer captured in the wild in Korea. Results: In terms of morphological differences in the uterus, the glands that form villus within the endometrium of the water deer were newly developed, and the formation of small glands was high, but the villus and glands of the sika deer were expanded, and the stroma zone in the myometrium was higher than that of the water deer. Development has increased. Additionally, the expression of PAPP-A and VEGF factors was increased in the endometrium of water deer than in sika deer, but the actions of MMPs were increased in sika deer. Conclusions: As a result of this study, there is a significant difference in the development of glands in the endometrium of water deer and sika deer during estrus, and it is believed that there is a significant difference in the development of the uterus due to the physiological effects of estrus between water deer and sika deer. Additionally, it is believed that there will be differences in the timing at which pregnancy can be decided.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제82권5호
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• pp.1103-1123
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• 2021

자궁은 크게 자궁체부와 자궁경부로 나뉜다. 이 중 자궁내막과 자궁근층으로 이루어진 자궁체부에는 양성에서 악성 종양까지 다양한 질환이 발생한다. 비침습적인 일차적 평가로 초음파와 컴퓨터단층촬영이 있으나 비특이적인 영상 소견으로 감별이 어려운 경우가 있다. 반면 높은 해상도와 병리학적 특성 파악이 가능한 자기공명영상은 병변의 위치 확인뿐만 아니라 조직학적 특징, 그리고 악성 종양의 병기 설정에도 도움을 준다. 이 종설에서는 영상의학과 의사들이 알아야 할 자궁체부에서 볼 수 있는 다양한 양성과 악성 종양들의 특징적인 자기공명영상 소견들과 이들의 감별점에 대해 정리했다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.34-44
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• 1990

난소(卵巢)의 기능(機能)이 갑상선(甲狀腺), 부현(副賢) 및 자궁(子宮)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 성숙(成熟) 암흰쥐 144마리를 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)(Ovx.), Estradiol(Est.) 처리군(處理群) 및 정상대조군(正常對照群)의 3개군(個群)으로 나누어 48마리씩 배치(配置)한 다음 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)에서는 양측난소(兩側卵巢)를 완전(完全)히 척출(剔出)하였고 Est.처리군(處理群)에서는 마리당 $200{\mu}g$의 estradiol benzoate를 48시간(時間) 간격(間隔)으로 주사(注射)하였다. 각(各) 군별(群別)로 처리후(處理後) 시간경과(時間經過)에 따라 3, 6, 12, 18 및 24시간후(時間後)와 5, 10 및 15일후(日後)에 각각(各各) 6마리씩 도살(屠殺)하여 혈청중(血淸中)의 estradiol-$17{\beta}$와 progesterone의 농도변화(濃度變化)를 측정(測定)하였고 아울러 갑상선(甲狀腺), 부현(副賢) 및 자궁(子宮)의 중량측정(重量測定) 및 조직적(組織的) 검색(檢索)을 실시(實施)하여 비교검토(比較檢討)한 바 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을얻었다. 1. estradiol-$17{\beta}$의 혈청중(血淸中) 농도변화(濃度變化)는 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)에서는 급속(急速)히 감소(減少)하여 처리(處理 )18시간후(時間後)부터는 27.20pg/ml 이하(以下)의 수준(水準)이었으며 Est.처리군(處理群)에서는 處理後(처리후) 18시간(時間)까지는 급증(急增)하였고 그 후(後)로는 약간 낮은 농도(濃度)를 보였다. 2. progesterone의 혈청중(血淸中) 농도변화(濃度變化)는 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)과 Est.처리군(處理群)에서 다같이 정상대조군에(正常對照群) 비(比)하여 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 감소(減少)를 하였는데 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)에서 최소치(最小値)를 나타냈다. 3. 갑상선(甲狀腺)의 중량(重量)은 처리(處理) 5일후(日後)부터 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)은 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비하여 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)이었고 Est.처리군(處理群)은 증가(增加)되는 경향(傾向)이었으나, 유의성(有意性)은 처리후(處理後) 10일(日)과 15일(日)에서만이 인정(認定)되었다. 4. 갑상선(甲狀腺)의 조직소견(組織所見)은 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)에서는 처리(處理) 5일후(日後)부터 여포상피세포(濾胞上皮細胞)가 편평화(扁平化)되기 시작하였는데 10일후(日後)부터는 핵농축(核濃縮), 15일후(日後)는 핵붕괴현상(核崩壞現像)을 동반(同伴)하였다. 그러나Est.처리군(處理群)에서는 처리(處理) 10일후(日後)부터 여포상피세포(濾胞上皮細胞)가 비대(肥大)되면서 원주화(圓柱化)되는 조직소견(組織所見)이었다. 5. 부현(副賢)의 중량(重量)은 처리후(處理後) 10일(日)과 15일후(日後)에서만이 비교군간(比較群間)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)은 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비하여 낮은 값을 보였고 Est.처리군(處理群)은 무거운 중량치(重量値)를 나타냈다. 6. 부현(副賢)의 조직상(組織像)은 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)에서는 처리(處理) 10일후(日後)부터 색상대(索狀帶)와 망상대(網狀帶)의 세포(細胞)가 핵농축(核濃縮)을 동반(同伴)하면서 위축(萎縮)되었고 Est.처리군(處理群)에서는 처리(處理) 5일후(日後)부터 색상대(索狀帶)와 망상대(網狀帶)의 세포(細胞)가 비대(肥大)되기 시작하는 조직소견(組織所見)올 보였으나 구상대(球狀帶)와 수질(髓質)에서는 어떠한 변화(變化)도 인지(認知)되지 않았다. 7. 자궁(子宮)의 중량(重量)은 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 비교군간(比較群間에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)은 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비하여 급속(急速)히 감소(減少)되었고 Est.처리군(處理群)은 급격(急激)히 증가(增加)되었다. 8. 자궁(子宮)의 조직상(組織像)은 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)에서는 처리(處理)1/2일후(日後)부터 자궁점막상피(子宮粘膜上皮)와 점막고유층(粘膜固有層)이 1일후(日後)부터는 자궁근층(子宮筋層)이 위축(萎縮)되는 퇴행성(退行性) 변화(變化)가 일어나기 시작하여 실험기간(實驗期間)이 경과(經過) 할수록 급속(急速)히 진행(進行) 되었으며, Est.처리군(處理群)에서는 처리(處理)1/2일(日)부터 자궁(子宮)의 각층(各層)이 증식(增殖) 비대(肥大)되는 조직소견(組織所見)올 보였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2009

Two-pore domain 칼륨($K_{2P}$) 통로는 흥분세포 및 비흥분세포의 안정막 전압을 일정하게 유지하는데 관여한다. 그러나 생식세포 및 생식기관에서 발현되는 $K_{2P}$ 통로의 분포영역 및 그 기능에 대해서는 연구자들에 의해 아직 정리되지 못하였다. 본 종설에서는 $K_{2P}$ 통로의 생식세포 및 생식기관에서 발현, 분포 및 생리학적 의의를 논하였다. $K_{2P}$ 통로는 인간 영양막세포, 자궁근층, 태반혈관계, 자궁평활근조직, 태반융모조직 및 임신자궁조직에서 발현되어 임신에 있어서 관련성을 제시되었다. 또한, $K_{2P}$ 통로는 마우스 전핵배, 원숭이 정자 및 한우의 난소, 정소, 난자, 정자 및 수정란에서 발현 변화를 보였다. 특히, $K_{2P}$ 통로는 체외배양 시 변화되는 온도, 산소분압과 같은 배양조건에 의해 조절되는 특징을 보임으로써 수정 및 배 발달에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자로 제시되었다. 그리고 $K_{2P}$ 통로는 과산화수소에 의해 유도된 마우스 전핵배의 세포 사멸에 있어서 칼륨 이온의 유출에 관여함이 확인되었다. $K_{2P}$ 통로의 생식세포 및 생식기관 내 발현 형태와 생리학적 특징은 생식생리학에 있어서 이온 통로 관련 기능들을 이해하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2009

에스트로겐은 수컷과 암컷의 생식기관 내에서 구조적이고 기능적인 변화를 유발하지만 그 정확한 기작에 대하여는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 에스트로겐의 기능과 연관지어, 본 연구에서는 암컷 생식기관 내에서 에스트로겐 수용체 촉진제인 4,4',4"-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)tris phenol (PPT)의 작용을 확인하고자 하였다. 성체 암컷 마우스에 castor oil 0.06 mL에 PPT 3mg 농도로 희석한 용액을 1주일에 1회씩 3주, 5주, 8주 동안 각각 피하주사 하였으며, 대조군에는 castor oil 0.06 mL만을 투여하였다. 광학현미경을 이용하여 생식기관에 대한 PPT의 영향을 분석하였다. PPT에 의해 실험기간 동안 체중, 난소 및 지방조직의 무게가 감소되었다. PPT 투여군에서는 대조군에 비해 난소의 직경이 감소되었으며, 난소 내 그라프여포와 황체의 수도 감소되었다. 자궁의 경우, PPT에 의해 근육층과 내막층의 높이가 감소함에 따라 내강이 증가되었다. 또한 자궁샘의 수도 감소되었다. 이런 결과들로 볼 때 PPT에 의해 암컷 생식기관의 형태학적 변화가 유발되고 이로 인해 생식력에도 변화가 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6691-6696
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• 2015

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer and its treatment is still controversial, especially in its early stages. There are conflicting data about the efficacy of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy during abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophrectomy treatment. Lymphadenectomy carries a risk of severe complications, especially in women with co-morbidities. Selective lymphadenectomy has been widely employed for staging evaluation of endometrial carcinoma because it is simple and seems to provide reliable data regarding nodal metastasis. This study was designed to evaluate accuracy of sentinel node sampling in detecting lymph node metastasis in primary endometrial carcinoma during staging laparotomy. Materials and Methods: Ninety-three women with endometrial carcinoma at high-risk for nodal metastasis were studied. During laparotomy, methylene blue dye was injected into sub-serosal myometrium, then retroperitoneal spaces were opened and blue lymph nodes within pelvic and para-aortic regions were removed as separate specimens for histopathological examination (sentinel lymph nodes = SLNs). Hysterectomy and selective lymphadenectomy then performed for all women included in this study. Results: Deposition of methylene dye into at least one lymph node was observed in 73.1% (68/93) of studied cases. 18.3% (17/93) of studied women had positive lymph node metastasis and 94.1% (16/17) of them had positive metastasis in SLNs. In this study, SNLs had 94.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity in prediction of lymph node metastasis. Mean number of lymph nodes removed from each case decreased when SLNs biopsy were taken. Conclusions: SLNs are the key lymph nodes in endometrial tumor metastasis and their involvement could be an indicator for whether or not complete systematic lymphadenectomy is needed during staging laparotomy.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.217-228
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• 1995

The study was designed to investigate the effects of progesterone on the reproductive system. This investigation was performed by immunohistochemical methods using anti-bromodeoxyuridine-antibody following bromodeoxyuridine(Brdur) injection for labeling proliferating cells in the uterus and ovary of rats. Sixteen female rats(Wistar), weighing initially 300g, were randomly allotted into ovariectomized and unovariectomized large groups. These two large groups were subdivided into three subgroups of control, 3-day and 6-day groups, respectively. 3-days and 6-days group were injected with 1mg of progesterone/rat/day for 3 or 6 days, respectively. In gross findings, the uterus of ovariectomized groups markedly atrophied, and were not hypertrophied by progesterone injection for 3 days or 6 days and the uterus of unovariectomized groups also were not hypertrophied. Labeling index(LI, %) was measured by counting the number of Brdur-positive cells from 300 to 3,000 cells per layer in the uterus tissue. The average LI of the uterus in unovariectomized groups was higher than that of ovariectomized groups. The subgroups with higher LI in unovariectomized groups were ordered as 6-day group, 3-day group. So progesterone considerably effected to the proliferating of the cells in the uterus of unovariectomized groups. The layers with higher LI in the uterus wall were ordered as the functional zone of endometrium, epithelial layer of endometrium, basal zone of endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium. The cell types with higher LI in the uterus of unovariectomized groups were ordered as the surface epithelial cells, stromal cells, glandular epithelial cells and muscle cells. Growing follicles with proliferating cells from secondary and tertiary follicles in the ovary of unovariectomized groups appeared to be 37.66% in control group, 39.23% in 3-day groups, 39.47% in 6-day groups. Mature follicles in the ovary were more number in control group than those in 3-day groups but not appeared in 6-day groups. So progesterone not nearly effects to the number of the growing follicles but appeared to be related to suppression of the development and protrusion of the mid-tertiary and mature follicles on the ovary surface. The cell types with higher LI in the ovary of unovariectomized groups were respectively ordered as granulosa cells, theca interns cells in secondary follicles; theca interna cells, granulosa cells, theca externa cells in tertiary follicles; fibroblasts, theca in terns cells in atretic follicles; fibroblasts, luteal cells in corpus luteum.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1123-1127
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• 2015

Uterine leiomyomas (ULM), are benign tumors of the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. They represent a common health problem and are estimated to be present in 30-70% of clinically reproductive women. Abnormal angiogenesis and vascular-related growth factors have been suggested to be associated with ULM growth. The angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) is related with several tumors. The aim of this study was to identify possible correlation between ULM and the ACE I/D polymorphism, to evaluate whether the ACE I/D polymorphism could be a marker for early diagnosis and prognosis. ACE I/D was amplified with specific primer sets recognizing genomic DNA from ULM (n=72) and control (n=83) volunteers and amplicons were separated on agarose gels. The observed genotype frequencies were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ($x^2=2.162$, p=0.339). There was no association between allele frequencies and study groups ($x^2=0.623$; p=0.430 for ACE I allele, $x^2=0.995$; p=0.339 for ACE D allele). In addition, there were no significant differences between ACE I/D polymorphism genotype frequencies and ULM range in size and number ($X^2=1.760;$ p=0.415 for fibroid size, $X^2=0.342;$ p=0.843 for fibroid number). We conclude that the ACE gene I/D polymorphism is not related with the size or number of ULM fibroids in Turkish women. Thus it cannot be regarded as an early diagnostic parameter nor as a risk estimate for ULM predisposition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1399-1405
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• 2013

The present study focused on establishing the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) on interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression patterns and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant rats. Pregnant rats at the post-implantation stage were randomized into control, low IFN-${\gamma}$ (L-IFN-${\gamma}$) and high IFN-${\gamma}$ groups (H-IFN-${\gamma}$) that received normal saline, 100 IU/g of IFN-${\gamma}$ and 500 IU/g of IFN-${\gamma}$ vaginal muscular injection, respectively. The effects of IFN-${\gamma}$ on IL-18 expression and pregnancy outcomes were assessed systematically using several methods, including immunohistochemistry streptavidin-perosidase (SP), image pattern analysis, enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), whole blood count (WBC) count, microscopy and visual observation. IL-18 was detected in the uteri of all pregnant rats, and mainly distributed in the endometrium, decidual cells, vascular endothelium and myometrium. Immunohistochemistry and image pattern analyses revealed significantly lower IL-18 expression in the H-IFN-${\gamma}$ group compared to the L-IFN-${\gamma}$ and control groups (p<0.01), indicating that high doses of IFN-${\gamma}$ induce downregulation of IL-18 in the uterus of pregnant rats. ELISA results disclosed that IL-18 expression in peripheral blood of the H-IFN-${\gamma}$ group was lower than that of the L-IFN-${\gamma}$ group (p<0.05), and significantly reduced compared to the control group (p<0.01). Moreover, the number of peripheral leukocytes in the H-IFN-${\gamma}$ group was significantly higher than those in the control and L-IFN-${\gamma}$ groups (p<0.01). Morphology analysis showed no evident differences between the L-IFN-${\gamma}$ and control groups. However, for the H-IFN-${\gamma}$ group, uterine mucosa bleeding, necrosis and excoriation were observed using microscopy. Visual observation revealed marroon, swelling, crassitude and no embryo in the uterus, which are obvious indicators of abortion. These results indicate that IFN-${\gamma}$ plays a regulatory role in IL-18 expression in the uterus and peripheral blood of pregnant rats at the post-implantation stage. Moreover, high levels (500 IU/g) of IFN-${\gamma}$ influence normal pregnancy at the early stages in rats by downregulating IL-18 expression in the uterus and peripheral blood and increasing the number of peripheral leukocytes, consequently triggering termination of pregnancy.