• Mycobiology
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.129-133
• /
• 2012

A new disease, the slippery scar, was investigated in cultivated bags of Auricularia polytricha. This fungus was isolated from the infected mycelia of cultivated bags. Based on morphological observation, rDNA-internal transcribed spacer and 18S sequence analysis, this pathogen was identified as the Ascomycete Scytalidium lignicola. According to Koch's Postulation, the pathogenicity of S. lignicola to the mycelia of A. polytricha was confirmed. The parasitism of this fungus on mushroom mycelia in China has not been reported before.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.137-141
• /
• 2005

High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of mycelia of Sclerotium rolfsii grown in broth medium supplemented with garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) was carried out to estimate qualitative and quantitative changes in phenolic acids. Several phenolic acids, such as gallic, chlorogenic; ferulic, o-coumaric and cinnamic acids were detected in varied amounts in mycelia grown on such media as compared to control. Phenolic acids represents a wide range of secondary metabolite found in the cells of plants and microbes including fungi. The growth characters of S. rolfsii in various supplements also varied from thin and transparent to thick and opaque.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 1997

A method for lab scale production and isolation of chitosan from mycelia of Cunninghamella blakesleeana IFO 4443 mutant was developed. Mutant of Cunninghamella blakesleeana IFO 4443-10 obtained by W radiation was cultivated in 5L jar fermentor at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 3days. The fungus were grown well at pH 4.5 Chitosan was readily extracted from mycelia walls with alkali treatment. The maximum yield of chitosan obtained was 1012mg/L and degree of deacetylation was 84.6%.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 1989

Progestrone bioconversion by immobilized Aspergillus phoenicis was studied. Progesterone was converted into 11$\alpha$-hydroxyprogesterone and 3-minor byproducts. Whole cells of A. phoenicis were immobillized by enreappment with calcium-alginate, K-carrageenan, or polyacrylamide. Of these materials tested, cell immobilized in $Ca^{2+}$ -alginate gels showed the highest activity for 11$\alpha$-hydroxylation of progesterone. In the case of mycelia immobilized in $Ca^{2+}$-alginate, futher progressing hydroxylation of 11$\alpha$-hydroxyprogesterone was greatly reduced. Spores of A. phoenicis which were immobillized with $Ca^{2+}$-alginate and germinatedin situ for 25 hours showed higher 11$\alpha$-hydroxylase activity than those of entrapped whole mycelia and maintained initial enzyme activity for all 8 times of repeated use. After 16 times of reuse, the activity was declined 30% or more. When culture media and $Zn^{2+}$ were introduced into the reaction media, the activity of the immobilized mycelia which had been lowered due to many times of reuse was effectively reactivated.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.202-204
• /
• 2010

Inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis of the mycelia and mycelial culture broth of Macrolepiota procera were investigated. The methanol fraction of culture broth showed 56.6% of tyrosinase inhibitory activity and its IC50 was 8.78 mg/ml. Using Streptococcus bikiniensis for melanogenesis in vitro, the methanol extract of mycelia showed 94.0% inhibition of melanogenesis.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.390-393
• /
• 2007

Auricularia auricula (Heterobasidiae) called 'tree ear' or 'ear mushroom' was investigated to know its antidiabetic effect. Administration of dried powder of Auricularia auricula mycelia (AAM) (0.5 g/kg bw and 1.0 g/kg bw) caused a statistically significant reduction of plasma glucose (35% and 39%, respectively), total cholesterol (18% and 22%, respectively), triglyceride (12% and 13%, respectively), GOT (53% and 56%, respectively) GPT (26% and 37%, respectively), levels and the rate of liver weight against final total body weight (6% and 7%, respectively) compared with diabetic control group. These results support the antidiabetic effect of AAM.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.26 no.3 s.86
• /
• pp.361-364
• /
• 1998

Among the organic sources of nitrogen tested, yeast extract and soytone were excellent for the mycelial growth of Tricholoma matsutake DGUM 26001. The mycelial growth was enhanced, when yeast extract at the concentration up to 1.0% was added to the starchpyridoxine medium. After 30-day cultivation of the mycelia at $24^{\circ}C$ in the medium supplemented with yeast extract, 518 mg/50 ml of dry mycelia could be harvested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.8
• /
• pp.1084-1089
• /
• 2009

This study investigated the changes of saponin and $\beta$-glucan content on the cultured ginseng with mushroom mycelia of Phellinus linteus (PL), Ganoderma lucidum (GL), and Hericium erinaceum (HE). Cultured ginsengs with mushroom mycelia were extracted with 80% ethanol, fractionated with n-buthanol, and analysed for ginsenosides by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Crude saponin content of raw ginseng was 4.11% (d.b) but cultured ginseng with mushroom mycelia of PL, GL, and HE were increased to 6.74, 6.77 and 6.23% (d.b), respectively. Ginsenoside-Rd, among the 12 ginsenosides which were available for analysis, was remarkably increased to 13.61, 24.26, and 32.69 mg/g, respectively (raw ginseng: 0.80 mg/g). The $\beta$-glucan content of cultured ginseng with mushroom mycelia of PL, GL, and HE were decreased to 8.85, 5.51 and 5.46% rather than mushroom mycelia of 29.14, 19.44, and 23.39% (d.b), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.1236-1242
• /
• 1998

Korean Lentinus edodes SR-1 was cultured to multiply the mycelia in the complete broth medium (C/N=13.1) for mushroom, and protein-bound polysaccharides were extracted from the cultured broth containing mycelia (The whole cultured broth was used to increase the yields: 80% of protein-bound polysaccharides were existed at the cell wall of mycelia and 20% of those were secreted extracellularily in this culture). Protein-bound polysaccharides in the cultured broth containing mycelia were extracted by using three different methods: 1) Extraction with hot water, 2) Disintegration of cell wall by glass bead mill treatment before extraction with hot water, and 3) Cellulase treatment before extraction with hot water. The highest yield was obtained (930 mg polysaccharides/100 mL culture broth) when protein-bound polysaccharides were extracted with 2) method. The extracted crude protein-bound polysaccharides were purified using protease, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The growth inhibition activity for $P_{388}$, mouse leukemic cell, increased (53.7, 62.2, 93.7% and 97.4%) as the purification level increased. Protein-bound polysaccharides contained 46.1% of polysaccharides, 7.3% of protein, and trace amounts of minerals. Polysaccharides contained glucose, galactose, xylose and mannose. The content of proline and glycine were high, however, methionine and leucine were not found. The major minerals were Na, K, Zn, and Ca.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.552-557
• /
• 2001

By UV-irradiation of Eremothecium ashbyii DTl, a higWy flavinogenic mutant (UV-18-57) and a nonflavinogenic mutant (UV -85) were obtained. The physio-morphological characteristics of these three strains were studied on glucose medium in submerged fermentation. Glucose utilization and mycelial growth occurred in 0 - 2 days of fermentation. By the third day, the biomass had declined. Extracellular riboflavin excretion was distinct from the second day, reaching a maximum rate by the fourth day. The hyphae of the highly flavinogenic mutant UV-18-57 were broader than DTl, while the nonflavinogenic UV-85 hyphae were very thin. Riboflavin accumulation was high in UV-18-57 (extracellular riboflavin,$825\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ , and intracellular, $490\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) and caused the mycelia to swell into bulbous forms. Riboflavin accumulation was less in DTl ($108\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ extracellular and $24\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ intracellular) and correspondingly its hyphae were thinner than those of UV-18-57 and swollen bulbous mycelia were not prominent. UV-85 was nonflavinogenic and, accordingly, its mOlphological characteristics included long thin filaments with no intracellular riboflavin accumulation. A large number of greenish fluorescence spores were seen in UV-18-57, whereas DTI had less spores and UV-85 was nonsporulating. Sporulation is correlated with riboflavin production. UV-18-57 had better mycelial integrity and lysis started only by the seventh day, whereas DTI and UV -85 started to lyze earlier by 4 -5 days. By the late stage of fermentation (eighth day), DTl had a few long, thin filaments indicating some secondary growth, whereas UV -85 showed a compact pellet form of mycelia. Most mycelia of UV-18-57 still appeared intact.