• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.213-231
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• 2000

이 연구의 목적은 다공성의 CPP 내부에 쥐의 장골의 골수에서 유래된 세포를 접종하고 3차 원적으로 배양하여 CPP가 골 형성을 위한 조직공학의 지지체로 적용가능한가를 연구하는 것과 Calcium PolyPhosphate(CPP)의 돌연변이 유발성을 검사하는 것이다. 무수 ($Ca(H_2PO_4)$)를 condensation하여 무결정의 ($Ca(PO_3)$)를 얻고 이를 용융하고 냉각시킨 후 분쇄하여 Calcium polyphosphate(CPP) powder를 얻었다. 다공성의 CPP는 5% $SiO_2$를 첨가하여 sponge 형태로 $450-550{\mu}m$ 소공의 크기를 가지는 것과(CPP-45ppi) $200-300{\mu}m$의 소공의 크기를 가지는 것(CCP-60ppi) 2가지로 제작하였다. 각각의 CPP matrices는 $5mm{\times}5mm{\times}1mm$의 블록 형태로 만들었다. 체중 100g 내외의 백서에서 장골(femur, tibia)을 채취하여 백서의 장골 골수 세포를 분리하여 배양한 후 24well에 CPP block을 넣고 CPP block 당 $10^5$개의 배양한 세포를 접종하였다. 배양 1, 7, 14, 및 21 일째에 각 well에서 trypsin EDTA를 이용하여 2회 반복하여 cell을 분리하였고, 원심분리한 후 hemacytometer로 측정하였다. 또, 45ppi와 60ppi, 그 리 고 Tissue Culture Polystyrene(control group)에 접종, 배양된 세포들의 염기성 인산분해효소활성도를 배양 7, 14, 및 21 일째에 각각 측정하였다. 각 기간별로 배양된 세포-CPP 혼합체내에서 세포의 부착 및 증식과 형성된 조직의 3차원적 형태를 관찰하기 위하여 주사전자현미경하에서의 관찰하였다. CPP의 돌연변이 유발성 검사 (mutagenicity test)를 위해 hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HPRT) assay를 하였다. NIH3T3 cell line과 CHO-K1 cell line으로 각각 $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 그리고 $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 CPP 농도에서 측정하였다. 통계적 분석을 위해서 모든 측정은 각군당 4개체 이상 시험하였고, 각 측정값은 평균값${\pm}$표준편차로 나타내었다. 각 군간의 통계적 유의성 검정을 위해서 Analysis of variance(ANOVA)를 이용하였고 Tukey의 방법으로 사후분석을 실시하였다. 제작된 CPP matrices 소공들이 서로간에 연결이 잘 되어있는 형태였다. 두 가지로 제조된 CPP(45ppi와 60ppi) 모두에서 세포의 부착이 잘 일어났고, 부착된 세포의 분열도 잘 일어났다. 2 가지의 CPP 모두에서 7, 14, 21일째의 세포 수는 1일째에 비해 유의성 있게 증가하였다(P<0.01). 3차원적 구조인 Calcium PolyPhosphate에서 배양한 세포는 24well dish(tissue culture polystyrene)에서 평면적으로 배양한 대조군의 세포에서 보다 염기성 인산분해효소 (Alkaline Phosphatase)를 유의성 있게 높게 나타냈다. 주사전자현미경에서 세포-CPP 혼합체를 관찰한 결과, CPP block에 세포들이 잘부착되어 있었고, 시간이 지남에 따라 세포가 여러 층을 형성하면서 뭉치는 현상을 보였다. 또, HPRT assay 결과 , Calcium PolyPhosphate는 돌연변이 유발성을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 CPP에는 세포부착이 잘 일어나고, 지지체 상에서 세포의 분열도 활발하게 일어나므로 골조직을 위한 조직공학의 우수한 지지체가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.41-67
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• 1988

Twelve residual pesticides which is applied mainly on the fruits and vegetables cultivation were tested for mutagenic activity using Salmonella typhimurium. The results were as follows. 1) The pesticides tested - Thalonil, Monopho, Tedion, Danoton, Ometon, Prosing, EPN, Phentoate, Parathion, 8appiran and Captan-, except Dicofol, showed mutagenic activity. Especially, the pesticides which activated with 8-9 mixture gave strong mutagenic activity. 2) With Salmonella typhimurium TA100, the pesticides Monopho, Parathion and Sappiran showed mutagenic activity at $0.5{\mu}g/plate;\;Ometon,\;0.01\; t.tl/plate;Thalonil,\;0.20{\mu}g/plate;\;Prosing,\; 0.20{\mu}l/plate;$ Tedion, Danoton and Phentoate, $1.0\;{\mu}l/plate;\;and\;Captan,\;1.0\;{\mu}g/plate.$ 3) With Salmonella typhimurium TA98, the pesticide Sappiran showed mutagenic activity at $0.02\;{\mu}g/plate;\;Thalonil,\;0.05\;{\mu}g/plate;\;EPN,\;0.05\;{\mu}/plate;\; Phentoate,\;0.10\; {\mu}l/plate;\;Danoton,\;0.50\;{\mu}l/plate;$ Prosing, $ 0.50\;{\mu}g/plate;\;and\;Tedion\;and\;Monopho,\;1.0\;{\mu}l/plate.$ 4) With Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, The pesticides Captan and Danoton showed mutagenic activity at $0.10\;{\mu}g/plate\;and\;0.20\;{\mu}g/plate,\;respectively.$ 5) With Salmonella typhimurium TA1538, The pestides Phentoate showed mutagenic activity at $0.05\;{\mu}l/plate;\;Monopho,\;0.10\;{\mu}l/plate;\;Thalonil,\;0.20 {\mu}g/plate;\;and\;Tedion\;and\;EPN,\;1.0\;{\mu}l/plate.$ 6) The pesticides which commonly showed high mutagenic activity were Thalonil, Phentoate, Parathion and Sappiran. The pesticides Ometon and EPN showed mutagenic activity at only TA100 and TA98, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2002

This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect of ,Kalopanacis cortex endothelium. Methanol extract was used on Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and three cancer cell lines. In the Ames test, methanol extract of Kalopanacis cortex endothelium alone did not exhibit any mutagenicity but showed substantial inhibitory effects against mutation induced by 4-nitroquinoline-l-oxide(4NQO), N'-methyl- N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P). The methanol extract of Kalopanacis cortex endothelium showed approximately 79.29% and 75.38% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO and B(a)P, respectively, against TA98 strain. Whereas 79.49%, 89.3% and 68.85% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO, MNNG and B(a)P against TA100 strain. Methanol extracts from Kalopanacis cortex endothelium showed high antimutagenic effects against 4NQO, MNNG and B(a)P. The anticancer effects of methanol extract from Kalopanacis cortex endothelium against human lung carcinoma(A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma(Hep3B) were investigated. The treatment of 0.5mg/ml Kalopanacis cortex endothelium methanol extracts had the highest cytotoxicity against A549(81.54%), followed by MCF-7(81.92%) and Hep3B (78.57%). In contrast 0.5mg/ml treatment of methanol extracts from Kalopanacis cortex endothelium had only $4{\sim}25%$ cytotoxicity on normal human liver cell(293).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2006

Antioxidant activities and biological properties such as antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect of Phellinus linteus extracts from different extraction conditions were measured against Salmonella typhimurium and human cancer cell lines. DPPH free radical scavenging activities of the extracts were higher in the solutions extracted with ethanol (17.14) and ethanol after water (17.79), respectively. In the Ames test, ethanol extract of P. linteus alone did not exhibit any mutagenicity but showed substantial inhibitory effect against mutations induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), and benzo $({\alpha})$ pyrene $(B({\alpha})P)$. The extracts of ethanol and ethanol after water of P. linteus $(200\;{\mu}g/plate)$ had the highest inhibitory effect of 61.5 and 60.9%, respectively, on the mutagenesis on S. typhimurium TA98 strain induced by $B({\alpha})P$. Extracted solutions of ethanol and ethanol after water of P. linteus showed high antimutagenic effect against MNNG, 4NQO, Trp-P-1 and $B({\alpha})P$, causing mutations in S. typhimurium TA100 strain. The anticancer effects of P. linteus extracts were investigated against human fibrosarcoma HT-29 and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2. The treatment of 0.5 mg/ml of ethanol, ethanol after water and water extracts of P. linteus had the highest cytotoxicity of 59, 57, 54%, respectively against HT-27 cell line, whereas low cytotoxicity effects were observed against HepG2 cell line in the range of $10{\sim}30%$. The ethanol and water extracts of P. linteus also showed the nitrate scavenging ability at different pHs. The ethanol extract showed higher nitrate-scavenging ability compared to water extract of P. linteus.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity by MTT test and genotoxicity by Ames test of new calcium phosphate-based root canal sealers (CAPSEAL I, CAPSEAL II) with commercially available resin-based sealers (AH 26, AH Plus) , zinc oxide eugenol-based sealers (Tubliseal EWT, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT), calcium hydroxide-based sealer (Sealapex), and tricalcium phosphate based sealers (Sankin Apatite Root Canal Sealer I, II, III). According to this study, the results were as follows : 1. The extracts of freshly mixed group showed higher toxicity than those of 24 h set group in MTT assay (p<0.001). 2. CAPSEAL I and CAPSEAL II were less cytotoxic than AH 26, AH Plus, Tubliseal EWT, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT Sealapex and SARCS II in freshly mixed group (p<0.01). 3. AH 26 in freshly mixed group showed mutagenicity to TA98 and TA100 with and without S9 mix and AH Plus extracts also were mutagenic to TA100 with and without S9 mix. 4. Tubliseal EWT, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT and Sealapex in freshly mixed group were mutagenic to TA100 with S9 mix. 5. Among those of 24 h set groups the extracts of SARCS II were mutagenic to TA98 with and without S9 mix and AH 26 showed mutagenic effects to TA98 with S9 mix. 6. No mutagenic effect of CAPSEAL I and CAPSEAL II was detected. 7. There is no statistically significant difference between CAPSEAL I and CAPSEAL II at MTT assay and Ames test in both freshly mixed group and 24 h set group.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.126-134
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• 2015

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer is one of the most commonly used herbs. Recently, the stem and leave of the plant have been interested in physiological activities because the aerial parts have been thrown away. Finding out cultivation method of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer to improve chemical ingredients and biological activities has been tried these days. In this study, different wavelengths of light emitting diode (LED) were used for a cultivation of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer. Antioxidant activities and inhibitory effect on mutagenecity of samples were evaluated. The stem and leave cultivated under blue light (BL-0) showed the strongest antioxidant activities of $3.02{\pm}0.13{\mu}g/ml$ ($EC_{50}$) and $2.18{\pm}0.18{\mu}g/ml$ ($EC_{50}$) in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging test, respectively. Total phenolic content of BL-0 was $2.93{\pm}0.11g/100g$, the highest value between cultivation conditions. However, antioxidant activities of the stem and leave cultivated under red light were the weakest between samples. All of the stem and leave used in this study showed inhibitory effect on mutagenecity of 1-nitropyrene. BL-0 showed stronger inhibitory effects on mutagenicity of Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, and AFB1 than samples cultivated under other conditions. Only on mutagenecity of 2-aminoanthracene, the stem and leave cultivated at 1 m apart from red light (RL-1) showed the strongest inhibitory effect. These results indicate that blue LED might be the most effective condition for improvement of physiological activities for the aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer in cultivation. The components were identified with GC/MS. Cytidine was detected only in RL-1 at 25 min of retention time and 2-bromotrimethylene glycol was detected only in BL-0 at 37 min.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.416-421
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• 2008

This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and anticytotoxic effects of soybean paste (doenjang) added deep sea water salt and see tangle in Salmonella Typhimurium TA98, TA100 and human cancer cell lines. In the Ames test, methanol extract of doenjang did not exhibit any mutagenicity but showed substantial inhibitory effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The methanol extracts of doenjang ($200{\mu}g$/plate) added deep sea salt and see tangle (doenjang C) showed approximately 89.1% and 70% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG and 4NQO against TA100 strain, whereas 84.4% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain. The cytotoxic effects of doenjang methanol extracts against the cell lines with human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human lung carcinoma (A549) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) were inhibited with the increase of the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 mg/mL doenjang C of methanol extracts showed strong cytotoxicities of 71%, 74.4%, 66.2%, 77.3%, and 71.2% against HeLa, Hep3B, AGS, A549, and MCF-7, respectively. In contrast 1 mg/mL treatment of doenjang C methanol extracts had only $10{\sim}40%$ cytotoxicity on normal human embryonal kidney cell (293). Doenjang methanol extract inhibited significantly the tumor growth in mice injected sarcoma-180 cells. Especially, doenjang C methanol extract showed an inhibition of tumor cell activity of 33% by the administration of 25 mg/kg methanol extracts.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1371-1378
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• 2000

This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effect of Agaricus blazei Murill methanol extract on Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and human cancer cell lines using Ames test and cytotoxicity assay, respectively. In Ames test, methanol extract from A. blazei Murill did not exhibit any mutagenicity and most of the samples showed high antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b] indol(Trp-P-1) and $benzo({\alpha})pyrene(B({\alpha})P)$. The methanol extracts of A. blazei Murill$(200\;{\mu}g/plate)$ showed approximately 92.4%, 81.9% and 83.4% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO, Trp-P-1 and $B({\alpha})P$ against TA98 strain, whereas 87.3%, 94.7%. 92.3% and 89.9% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG, 4NQO, Trp-P-1 and $B({\alpha})P$ against TA100 strain. The solvent fractions of methanol extracts from A. blazei Murill except water fraction showed high antimutagenic effects of $70{\sim}90%$ against mutation induced by MNNG, 4NQO. Trp-P-1 and $B({\alpha})P$. In anticancer effects of A. blazei Murill extract and fraction against cancer cell lines including human breast adenocarcinoma(MCF7), human lung carcinoma(A549), human fibrosarcoma(HT1080), human hepatocellular carcinoma(Hep3B), human epitheloid carcinoma(HeLa), human gastric carcinoma(KATO III) and human chronic myelogenous leukemia(K562) were investigated. The treatment of 1 mg/mL A. blazei Murill extracts had the highest cytotoxicity with 91.9% against HeLa, followed by KATO III(88.7%), A549(86.5%) and Hpe3B(84.3%). Whereas 1 mg/mL treatment of A. blazei Murill extracts had only $10{\sim}40%$ cytotoxicity on human normal liver cell (WRL68).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2007

This study was performed to measure the antioxidative, antimutagenic, and cytotoxic properties of Prunus armeniaca using the DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical donating method, the Ames test, and cytotoxicity measurements, respectively. Electron-donating abilities were 48.3, 43.9, 14.8 and 12.9 per g dry matter of P. armeniaca seed (PAS), P. armeniaca flesh(PAF), butylated hydroxytoluene, and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, respectively. The direct antimutagenic effects of an ethanol extract of P. armeniaca were examined in Ames tests using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 as reporter organisms. In the Ames test, the ethanol extract of P. armenicaca alone did not exhibit any mutagenicity but the extract did show substantial inhibitory effects against mutations induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO). The ethanol extract of PAS(200g dry matter/plate) inhibited strain TA98 mutagenesis induced by 4NQO by ca. 37.9%, and mutation inhibition values of 42.1% and 69.4%, respectively, were observed when 4NQO and MNNG acted on the TA100 strain. The cytotoxic effects of ethanol extracts of P. armeniaca against cell lines of human lung carcinoma(A549), human breast adenocarcinoma(MCF-7), human hepatocellular carcinoma(Hep3B), human cervical adenocarcinoma(HeLa), and human gastric carcinoma(AGS) rose with increases in extract concentration. An ethanol extract(4mg/mL dry matter) of PAF showed strong cytotoxicities of 88.2%, 58%, 72.8%, 89.4%, and 91.9% against A549, AGS, MCF-7, HeLa, and Hep3B cells, respectively. In contrast, the same extract showed only 13 37% cytotoxicity for a nomal human kiney cell line(293). It is suggested that P. armeniaca possesses useful antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticancer properties.