• 생약학회지
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• 제33권4호통권131호
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• pp.372-375
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• 2002

Mutagenic acivity of essential oils was tested using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the presence or absence of 59 fraction prepared from the mouse liver. Growth inhibitory effect of the oils on the bacteria was measured to warrant the mutagenic effect. Most oils were (round to be very strongly toxic against the bacteria at a high dose $(2,000{\mu}g/plate)$. At lower doses than this concentration, the Curcuma longa oil was found to be the most mutagenic with S9 fraction whereas it was not mutagenic without the fraction suggesting that this oil could undergo activation for the mutagenicity by cytochrome P45O. However, the mutagenicity of the Eugenia caryohpylata oil was disappeared under S9 fraction. Other oils obtained from Cinnamomum cassia, Chrysanthemum sibiricum, Paeonia moutan the flower of Artemisia princeps var. Orientalis, Allium sativum, were not mutagenic. This result suggested that antimutagenicity assay on the essential oil is necessary for the biological available substances.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2017

Background: The present study was carried out to asses whether mulberry leaves (MLs) have the potential to inhibit the mutagenic effect of cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs). Methods and Results: ML powder was extracted with 70% ethanol, and a yield of 35.1% by weight was obtained. The 70% ethanol extract of ML was further extracted sequentially using diethyl ether, chloroform, butanol, dichloromethane and water. The crude 70% ethanol extract of MLs and its solvent fractions did not show any mutagenic effect when tested at concentrations up to 1 mg/plate against Salmonella typhimurium TA98. In contrast, the crude 70% ethanol extract showed an inhibitory activity against the mutagenicity of CSCs in the presence of S-9 mixture. Among the solvent fractions, the diethyl ether fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity, which increased in a dose-dependent manner, inhibiting mutagenesis by approximately 97.1% at a concentration of 1 mg/plate. Conclusions: In this study, we found that a crude 70% ethanol extract of MLs and the diethyl ether fraction themselves are potentially not mutagenic, but inhibit the mutagenic effect of CSCs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1432-1438
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• 2004

In vitro SOS chromotest 실험계에서 콩된장 메탄올 추출물의 경우 100 ${\mu}$g/assay 첨가시 97%의 돌연변이 억제효과를 70% 콩된장 메탄올 추출물은 87%의 억제효과를 가졌고, 청국장, 미소, 원재료인 콩과 콩/밀가루 메탄올 추출물보다 높은 저해 효과를 보였다. 된장의 메탄올 추출물을 더욱 분획하여 얻어진 분획물들, 즉 헥산, 메탄올, 디클로로메탄, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올, 물 분획물을 100 ${\mu}$g/assay 첨가했을 때 MNNG에 대한 돌연변이 억제효과는 각각 73%, 73%, 91%, 95%, 82%, 73%로 전반적으로 매우 높은 저해효과를 나타내었으며, 특히 디클로로메탄과 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 항돌연변이 효과가 가장 높았음을 관찰할 수가 있었다. 초파리의 wing hairs spots 시스템의 small mwh spots의 경우, $AFB_1$ 단독 처리군을 체세포 돌연변이 유발 100%로 기준해서 된장 메탄올 추출물 2.5%, 5% 첨가농도의 경우, 각각 22%, 30%의 낮은 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내었다. 분획물들 중 가장 활성이 높았던 된장의 에틸아세테이트 분획물 5%, 10% 첨가농도의 경우, 각각 97%의 높은 항돌연변이 효과를 가짐으로 낮은 농도에서부터 강하게 체세포 돌연변이를 억제함을 알 수 있었고, large mwh spots의 경우는 된장의 에틸 아세테이트 분획물 5%의 낮은 농도에서 체세포 염색체 재조환이나 mwh+ 좌위에 유전자 돌연변이를 현저하게 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 된장 메탄올 추출물은 다른 콩 관련 발효식품과 콩의 메탄올 추출물에 비해 in vitro SOS chromotest에서 높은 돌연변이 유발 억제 작용을 나타냈고 분획물들 중 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 in vitro와 in vivo 돌연변이 유발실험에서 가장 높은 저해효과를 나타내어 된장의 항돌연변이 활성을 가지고 있는 분획물로 추정되어진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1680-1685
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• 2003

Antimutagenicity of milk cultured with lactic acid bacteria isolated from dadih on the mutagenicity of heated salty and sweet tauco was examined using streptomycin dependent (SD) 510 strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 as a tester culture. Cultured milk samples exhibited widely antimutagenic activity against mutagenic heated salty and sweet tauco. Lc. lactis subsp. lactis R-22, Lc. lactis subsp. casei R-35, Lc. lactis subsp. casei R-52 and E. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens R-55 exhibited no inhibitory effect on the mutagenic heated salty tauco. Mutagenicity of heated sweet tauco was inhibited by cultured milks stronger than that of heated salty tauco. Milk cultured with Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris R-48, Leuc. mesentroides R-51 and Lc. lactis subsp. casei R-68 showed high inhibition against the mutagenicity of both heated salty and sweet taucos. Antimutagenic activity of the cultured milks against mutagenic heated tauco was attributed to the bacterial cells. Among the three strains which showed high antimutagenicity, only Leuc. mesentroides R-51 was tolerant to both acid and bile; so this strain can be used as probiotic in preventing the occurrence of mutagenesis caused by mutagenic heated food like tauco.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.558-562
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• 1988

우리나라에서 오랫동안 식용(食用)하여 온 고사리에 대하여 Salmonella typhimurium을 이용한 Ames test에 의하여 돌연변이 유발성(誘發性)을 조사하였다. 그 결과 생(生)고사리의 증류수 추출물은 낮은 농도에서 TA 1538 균주(菌株)에 대하여 역돌연변이(逆突然變異)를 일으켰으며 높은 농도에서는 독성(毒性)을 강하게 나타냈다. 그러나 $S_9$ mix 첨가시 모든 시험균주에 대하여 돌연변이를 유발시키지 않았고 독성도 나타내지 않았다. 조리(調理)한 고사리의 경우 증류수 추출물의 양은 생고사리의 1/10로 감소하였고 돌연변이 유발능도 검출되지 않았다. 고사리의 70% 에탄올 추출물은 어느 경우에나 돌연변이 유발능을 나타내지 않았다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2001

This paper reviews the results of a series of efforts to develop structure-activity models for slow-reacting chemicals and olefins whose toxicity may be enhanced by the ultraviolet radiation. Photoinduced toxicity of 14 compounds was found to be a different result of competing factors of structure, having carbon-carbon double bonds. To mimic the biological consequences of photooxidative damage in mammalian cells, the photochemical mutagenicith of 14 chemicals was tested in the CAS. Simple olefins were photochemically mutagenic or carcinogenic with irradiation, increasing the alkylating activity from zero level to 0.87(abs/gram) for styrene, 0.25 for 1-butene, 0.11 for 1-hexene, respectively, whereas no photochemical mutagenicity was observed with 1-octene in the absence of the CAS. Oxide compounds, however, showed a decreasing trend of photoalkylating activities in the presence or absence of the CAS. We found that the structure-activity relationship was not applicable to our data.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.285-289
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• 1989

Pontential mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of four steroidal saponins from Smilax china rhizomes were investigated. These saponins did not revealed mutagneicity in the Ames and SOS umu test. For antimutagenic activity by SOS umu test, two spirostanol glycosides, dioscin and gracillin, inhibited the activity of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ induced by AF-2, but their proto-type furostanol glycosides did not show this activity.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2001

The mutagenic activity of chitosan oligosaccharide and its antimutagenic effect against 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) were investigated using the Salmonella/Ames test. No mutagenic activity was found in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100, either with or without S9 activation. In contrast, chitosan oligosaccharide showed an inhibitory effect on the mutagenic activity of the cooked food mutagen, MeIQx, in the presence of S9. The influence of chitosan oligosaccharide on the genotoxicity of MeIQx was examined using a host-mediated assay in mice. The oligosaccharide was administered for 14 consecutive days (intragastric application at doses of 0.1 or 0.5 g/kg body wt) to mice. S. typhimurium TA 98 was given intravenously before an oral dose of MeIQx (4.5 mg/kg body wt.). The number of $his^+$ revertants were determined from the Ever of mice. The intragastric application of oligosaccharide led to a 47% reduction in the number of mutants induced by MeIQx (p<0.05). These results suggested that chitosan oligosaccharide had antimutagenic properties against MeIQx in vitro and in vivo.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 1998

Antimutagenic activity of Saururus chinesis (Lour.) Bail was investigated for food-borne mutagens using S. typhimurium TA98. Methanol extract from Saururus Chinesis (Lour.) Bail was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol fractions, followed by determination of antimutagenic activity for food-borne mutagenic heterogenic amines (HCA). The hexane fraction exhibited a strong antimutagenic activity for 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyroid[4,3-b]indole acetate (Trp-2-A); however its fraction rather enhanced the bacterial mutagenicity of 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinozaline (4,8-diMeIQx) and 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxline (7,8-diMeIQx). Active principle in the fraction was found to be two major compounds (${\gamma}$-crene B and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrane) and 6 minor compounds (${\delta}$-caryophyllene, ${\gamma}$-elemene, ${\beta}$-cabebene, ${\delta}$-cadinene, ${\delta}$-selinene, and patchoulene). Modulation effect for the mutagenic activity of the food-borne mutagenic HCA by the fraction might be derived from a cumulative effect of each individual compounds. Hence, this hexane fraction might be use to reduce the production of mutagenic HCA during cooking process of protein-rich foods.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7479-7484
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• 2015

Diseases related to water impurities may present as major public health burdens. The present study aimed to assess the mutagenicity of drinking water from different zones of Tehran, and evaluate possible health risks through making tea with tea bags, by Ames mutagenicity test using TA 100, TA 98 and YG1029 strains. For this purpose, 450 water samples were collected over the period of July to December 2014 from 5 different zones of Tehran. Except for one sample, no mutagenic potential was detected during these two seasons and the MI scores were almost normal (${\leq}1-1.6$) in TA 100, TA 98 and YG1029 strains. Although no mutagenic effects were considered in TA 98 and TA 100 in the test samples of our three evaluated tea bag brands, one sample from a local company showed mutagenic effects in the YG1029 strain (MI=1.7-1.9 and 2) after prolonged (10-15 min.) steeping. Despite the mild mutagenic effect discovered for one of the brand, this cross sectional study showed relative safety of water samples and black tea bags in Tehran. According to the sensitivity of YG1029 to the mutagenic potential of water and black tea, even without metabolic activation by s9 fraction, this metabolizer strain could be considered as sensitive and applicable to food samples for quantitative analysis of mutagens.