• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1859-1869
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• 2021

Objective: The effects of a crude protease extracted from Cordyceps militaris (CM) mushrooms on the postmortem tenderization mechanism and quality improvement in spent hen breast were investigated. Methods: Different percentages of the crude protease extracted from CM mushrooms were introduced to spent hen breast via spray marination, and its effects on tenderness-related indexes and proteolytic enzymes were compared to papain. Results: The results indicated that there was a possible improvement by the protease extracted from CM mushroom through the upregulation of endogenous proteolytic enzymes involved in the calpain system, cathepsin-B, and caspase-3 coupled with its nucleotide-specific impact. However, the effect of the protease extracted from CM mushroom was likely dose-dependent, with significant improvements at a minimum level of 4%. Marination with the protease extracted from CM mushroom at this level led to increased protein solubility and an increased myofibrillar fragmentation index. The sarcoplasmic protein and collagen contents seemed to be less affected by the protease extracted from CM mushroom, indicating that substrate hydrolysis was limited to myofibrillar protein. Furthermore the protease extracted from CM mushroom intensified meat product taste due to increasing the inosinic acid content, a highly effective salt that provides umami taste. Conclusion: The synergistic results of the proteolytic activity and nucleotide-specific effects following treatments suggest that the exogenous protease derived from CM mushroom has the potential for improving the texture of spent hen breast.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.823-832
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• 2021

Mushroom cultivation along with the palm oil industry in Malaysia have contributed to large volumes of accumulated lignocellulosic residues that cause serious environmental pollution when these agroresidues are burned. In this study, we illustrated the utilization of lignocellulolytic enzymes from the spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus pulmonarius for the hydrolysis of palm oil mill effluent (POME). The hydrolysate was used for the production of biohydrogen gas and enzyme assays were carried out to determine the productivities/activities of lignin peroxidase, laccase, xylanase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase in spent mushroom substrate. Further, the enzyme cocktails were concentrated for the hydrolysis of POME. Central composite design of response surface methodology was performed to examine the effects of enzyme loading, incubation time and pH on the reducing sugar yield. Productivities of the enzymes for xylanase, laccase, endoglucanase, lignin peroxidase and β-glucosidase were 2.3, 4.1, 14.6, 214.1, and 915.4 U g^-1, respectively. A maximum of 3.75 g/lof reducing sugar was obtained under optimized conditions of 15 h incubation time with 10% enzyme loading (v/v) at a pH of 4.8, which was consistent with the predicted reducing sugar concentration (3.76 g/l). The biohydrogen cumulative volume (302.78 ml H₂.L^-1 POME) and 83.52% biohydrogen gas were recorded using batch fermentation which indicated that the enzymes of spent mushroom substrate can be utilized for hydrolysis of POME.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.266-269
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• 2023

본 연구는 3년간 버섯파리 발생소장 조사를 통해 발생 양상을 파악하였고 버섯파리 발생 최성기 이전에 물리적 방제기술을 적용하여 방제효과를 알아보았다. 버섯파리 사전방제를 위한 물리적 방제방법으로 재배사 출입구에 에어커튼을 설치하고, 출입구 주변으로 포충기와 끈끈이 트랩을 설치하여 버섯파리의 외부유입 차단과 내부 밀도 감소가 되게 하였고, 유기농업자재인 달마시안제충국 추출물을 주 1회 연무하여 화학적 방제기술을 병행처리 하였다. 또한 버섯파리 방제효과 조사를 위해 양송이 재배사 균상에 황색 끈끈이트랩(15×25 cm)을 3개 지점에 설치하여 사전방제기술 처리구와 무처리구의 버섯파리 발생 양상을 비교하였다. 관행대비 버섯파리 사전방제기술 적용 결과 버섯파리 발생 수준이 5월에는 15에서 6으로 약 60% 감소하였고, 6월에는 10에서 6으로 약 40% 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다. 종합적으로 버섯파리 급증시기에 사전방제기술 적용시 50% 이상의 방제효과를 얻을 수 있었지만, 외부 유입원 차단(재배사 문틈), 재배사 주변 청결관리(폐배지 재배사 옆 보관) 등 위의 결과를 보완하여 버섯파리 사전방제기술의 적용효과를 분석하고 응애 및 병원균과의 상관관계 분석 등 안전성 연구를 수행하여 양송이 안전생산 및 안정생산 기술이 농가에 보급될 수 있도록 추후 면밀한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2002

Submerged cultures of Ganoderma lucidum, a valuable mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine, were used for production of bioactive Banoderic acids and Ganoderma polysaccharides. The significant effects of oxygen supply were demonstrated in both shake flasks and bioreactors. By changing the medium loading volume in a shake flask, a different value of initial volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient ($K_L$a) was obtained, and a higher $K_L$a value led to a higher biomass density and a higher productivity of both intracellular polysaccharide and ganoderic acid. In a stirred bioreactor, at an initial $K_L$a of 78.2 $h^{-1}$, a maximal cell concentration of 15.6 g/L by dry weight was obtained, as well as a maximal intracellular polysarcharide (IPS) production of 2.2 g/L and its maximal productivity of 220 mg/(L.d). An increase of initial $K_L$a led to a higher production and productivity of GA, and the GA production and productivity at an initial $K_L$a of 96.0 $h^{-1}$ was 1.8-fold those at an initial $K_L$a of 16.4 $h^{-1}$. The fundamental information obtained in this study may be useful for efficient large-scale production of these valuable bioactive products by the submerged cultures.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2016

Since development of the first Korean button mushroom cultivar 'Sae-Ah' in 2010, mushroom farmers have demanded an improved cultivar. Although a new cultivar, 'Saejeong', was developed in 2011, this cultivar has thus far been difficult to cultivate in typical mushroom farms. To solve this problem, another new cultivar, 'Saedo', was developed in 2012. This new cultivar was selected by genetic analysis from crossing the heterokaryon line A175 and the homokaryon line ASI1346-15. The heterokaryon A175 was a crossed line between strains ASI1038-211 and ASI1346-20. The mycelium of 'Saedo' showed good growth on compost dextrose agar at $25^{\circ}C$. The morphological traits such as the pileus (cap) and stipe of the 'Saedo' cultivar were thicker than those of the reference control 'Saejeong', and the production yield was increased by 1.89-fold compared to that of the reference control. A field experiment of the 'Saedo' cultivar has been ongoing since 2013. The yield of the 'Saedo' cultivar was found to be substantially higher than that of the reference control during the $2^{nd}$ flush.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.672-680
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• 2020

This study was conducted to effectively supplement vitamin D and increase the consumption of ear mushroom based on the investigation of the quality characteristics of cookies containing ear mushroom supplemented with vitamin D. Cookies were made of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% ear mushroom powder treated by ultraviolet B. Increased addition of ear mushroom powder led to a decrease in the bulk density of the dough as well as a spread factor, color value, and hardness of the cookies. There was no significant difference in the loss rate, but the water content of the dough and cookies was increased. The total polyphenol content of cookies added with 1~5% ear mushroom powder was higher than that of the 0%. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of cookies added with 5% ear mushroom powder (23.8%) was 2 times higher than that of the 0% (10.9%). The vitamin D2 content of cookies added with 5% ear mushroom powder (835.5 ㎍/100 g D.W.) was 44 times higher than that of the 0% (19.0 ㎍/100 g D.W.). Consequently, ear mushroom powder is considered to be suitable for the production of functional cookies because of high values of antioxidant activity and vitamin D2 content.

• Mycobiology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2000

Sodium hypochlorite alkaline was tested against Pseudomonas tolaasii causing bacterial blotch on cultivated oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The minimum inhibitory concentration of sodium hypochlorite against P. tolaasii contained active chlorine (AC) at 1.4 mg/l on plate assay. The highest cultivation yield was obtained from the treatment of AC 5.7 mg/l. Treatment of sodium hypochlorite at the rate of higher than AC 11.4 mg/l resulted in reduced yields at the harvest. However, the population of total bacteria on the bed surface treated with AC 5.7 mg/l of sodium hypochlorite was maintained to some extent. Inhibitory concentration against total bacteria on the bed surface was over AC 22.8 mg/l. Mushroom mycelium was damaged and its growth strongly inhibited at the concentration of AC 200 mg/l. Mushroom caps showed yellowish symptom by chemical injury by treatments of AC 74.1 mg/l or higher. Sporocarps infected by P. tolaasii were irrevocable at any concentration of sodium hypochlorite. Routine watering with AC 5.7 mg/l from mushroom initiation to the end of picking resulted in reduced bacterial blotch incidence of 40% and 86% at two mushroom farms. The treatment resulted in higher quality mushroom production compared to that conventionally watered with tap water alone.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2011

This study investigated the effect of gamma irradiation on immune enhancing activity of Chaga mushroom extract (CME). CME was prepared by hot water extraction at $70^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours and lyophilized. Lyophilized CME powder was dissolved with deionized water at $10mg\;ml^{-1}$ and then irradiated at the doses of 10, 30 and 50 kGy by cobalt 60 gamma irradiator. The gamma-irradiated and non-irradiated CME were treated into the splenocyte separated from mouse. Cell proliferation and cytokine production of the immune cells were increased by gamma-irradiated CME and these increases were more prominent when CME was irradiated at higher doses. Therefore, it is considered that gamma irradiation can be an effective method for improvement of the immunomodulating activity Chaga mushroom extract.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2022

본 연구는 최근 소비자들의 안전한 먹거리에 대한 수요증가로 생산과 소비가 확대되고 있는 유기농산물 생산과 관련된 국내외 주요 규정과 유기농 버섯의 인증절차와 산업동향을 살펴보고자 수행하였다. 유기농버섯의 경우 2021년 전국의 인증농가 405개소, 재배면적 3,886,628 m², 인증계획량 6,011톤이며 전라남도가 농가수 221개소, 재배면적 2,923,402 m², 인증계획량 2,132톤으로 농가수 55%, 재배면적 75%, 인증계획량 35%로 전국 1위를 차지하고 있으며, 유기농버섯의 버섯종류별 현황은 표고버섯이 농가수 369개소, 재배면적 3,805,636 m², 인증계획량 3,576톤으로 농가수 91%, 재배면적 98%, 인증계획량 60%로 1위를 차지하고 있다. 전라남도는 버섯뿐만 아니라 다른 농산물에 있어서도 유기농산물 및 친환경농산물이 전국에서 높은 비율을 차지하고 있다. 이는 전남이 농업비율이 높고 전남도의 유기농업 지원에 정책적으로 뒷받침한 것으로 해석된다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2018

표고 재배용 액체종균 배지조성은 대두박분 배지에 입도가 $850{\mu}m$이하인 참나무분 0.3% 첨가 시 균사체 건중량이 457 mg으로 다소 높았으며, Laccase 활성도는 참나무분 첨가율별 대두박분 배지에 큰 차이가 없었으나 Cellulase 활성도는 CMC Agar Plate에서 26.4 mm로서 참나무분 첨가율별 대두박분 액체종균 처리구중에서 가장 우수하였다. 액체종균의 통기량이 증가할수록 이산화탄소 발생량이 증가하여 배양 7일째 최대치를 나타내었으며 균사체 건중량은 10일째 3.0g/l로 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 통기량이 증가할수록 이산화탄소 발생량, 균사체 건중량도 증가하였으며 0.6vvm 처리시 배지 증발율이 32%, 균사체 건중량이 3.5g/l로서 우수하였다. 선발된 액체종균을 톱밥 종균과 생산성 비교를 위하여 톱밥재배 봉지배지에 시험한 결과, 액체종균의 생육기간이 톱밥종균에 비해 1일 지연되었으나, 봉지당 유효 개체수와 수량에는 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.