• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.274-281
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• 2010

Cordyceps cardinalis was reported in Japan and the USA in 2004, and its fruiting bodies have recently been cultured in Korea. Herbarium specimens preserved at the Cordyceps Research Institute, Mushtech, Korea were revised and identified as C. cardinalis, based on morphological characters and conidial structures. Most of the C. cardinalis specimens were collected from Mt. Halla in Jeju-do. The effects of various nutritional sources and environmental conditions such as temperature and pH on mycelial growth of C. cardinalis were studied. Oatmeal agar, Martin's peptone dextrose agar, and Schizophyllum (mushroom) genetics complete medium plus yeast extract resulted in the best mycelial growth. Among carbon sources, cereals, and nitrogen sources, maltose, oatmeal, and peptone resulted in the best mycelial growth respectively. Mineral salts helped to increase growth rate but only resulted in thin mycelial density, similar to water agar. A temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ and a pH of 7 resulted in the highest mycelial growth. Based on these results, a Cordyceps cardinalis composite medium (CCM) was formulated with 1% maltose, 2% oatmeal, 1% peptone, and 2% agar. Use of the CCM resulted in slightly better mycelial growth than that of other commonly used agar media. Only organic nitrogen sources imparted a reddish pigmentation to the agar media, but this character diminished after several subcultures. A 7 day culture duration resulted in the best mycelial growth.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2003

To breed new superior strains, collected strains were characterized and then several white strains were selected as parents. Monokaryons from the parents were isolated and studied. All tested white strains showed same mating genotype. Growth rate of monokaryons were lower than collected dikaryons. New dikaryotic strains were derived from inbreeding method, which means mating between monokaryotic isolates from different white strains having same mating genotype. Some of them showed higher yields of fruitbody than their parents. Specially Fv 4-1 strain showed the best productivity. Furthermore some mating combination showed cytoplasmic effect, when they mated reciprocally.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.578-582
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• 2002

Ethanol extract obtained from bark, roots, stem, leaves and seeds of 30 species of plants and mushroom, Dicyophora indusiata were examined antimicrobial effect on fish pathogenic bacteria, Listoneria anguillamm, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus iniae by disk method. Ethanol extract of D. indusiata was found to be the most active against all fish pathogenic bacteria in test system. Ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol extract of D. indusiata showed the strongest compared with those from other solvent fractions such as dichloromethane, n-buthanol and water. The antimicrobial effect of ethyl acetate fraction was particularly evident against S. iniae.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 2008

A fibrinolytic serine protease was purified from the fruiting bodies of an edible mushroom, Albatrellus confluens. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 30086.41 Da, as measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was Glu-Thr-Val-Thr-Glu-Thr-Thr-Ala -Pro-Trp-Gly-Leu-Ser-Arg-Ile. It displayed optimal activity at $50^{\circ}C$ and within a pH range of $8.0{\sim}10.0$, suggesting that the enzyme is an alkaline protease. The enzyme was stable up to $30^{\circ}C$. The enzyme displayed a strong substrate specificity for the synthetic peptide, N-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe pNA. The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by addition of PMSF, indicating that the enzyme is a serine protease. No inhibition was observed following addition of E-64, pepstatin, or EDTA. The activity of the purified enzyme was decreased in the presence $Fe^{2+}$ or $Co^{2+}$, and the enzyme was completely inhibited by addition of $Hg^{2+}$. From these results, we propose that Albatrellus confluens could be used for biofunctional foods development and has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of vascular diseases.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to understand spatio-temporal changes of active fungal biomass and water in Tricholoma matsutake soil colonies during the mushroom fruiting season. The active fungal biomass was estimated by analyzing ergosterol content at four different points within four replicated locations in a single circular T. matsutake colony at Ssanggok valley in the Sogri Mt. National Park in Korea during 2003 to 2005. The four points were the ahead of the colony, the front edge of the colony and 20 cm and 40 cm back from the front edge of the colony. Ergosterol content was 0.0 to 0.7 ${\mu}g$ per gram dried soil at the ahead, 2.5 to 4.8 ${\mu}g$ at the front edge, 0.5 to 1.8 ${\mu}g$ at the 20 cm back and 0.3 to 0.8 ${\mu}g$ at the 40 cm back. The ergosterol content was very high at the front edge where the T. matsutake hyphae were most active. However, ergosterol content did not significantly change during the fruiting season, September to October. Soil water contents were lower at the front edge and 20 cm back from the front edge of the colony than at the ahead and 40 cm back during the fruiting season. Soil water content ranged from 12 to 19% at the ahead, 10 to 11% at the edge, 9 to 11% at the 20 cm back and 11 to 15% at the 40 cm back. Our results suggest that the active front edge of the T. matsutake soil colony could be managed in terms of water relation and T. matsutake ectomycorrhizal root development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.500-507
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to categorize farm types and analyze the cultivated area and labor input time for each crop over a year in order to decide farm type conducting for the hazard exposure assessment. Methods: Crops ranked within the top 45 by cultivated area in Korea were selected and 15 target crops that exposure assessment had been conducted for through the Rural Development Administration(RDA) pilot research projects were selected. Labor input time was based on data investigated through RDA research surveillance. If there was no data, data from Statistics Korea was used. Data from Statistics Korea was used for total cultivated area. Results: Crops were divided into 5 types: open field crops(Chinese cabbage, Corn, Ginger, Potato), fruits (Mandarin, Pear), green house crops(Cucumber, Lily, Oriental melon, Pumpkin, Tomato), livestock(Poultry), specialty crops(Ginseng, Oyster mushroom, Tobacco). The cultivated area for potato was the largest, and lily was the smallest among the crops. Labor input time over a year was the highest with oyster mushroom and the lowest with pear. Total labor input time by crops was the highest with mandarin and the lowest with Chinese cabbage. Conclusions: To evaluate hazard factors of farm work, it's essential that crops and tasks be classified based on the size of farmers and working hours by farm type. Therefore, the priority of management should be determined based on the cultivated area and total labor time, but the characteristics of tasks in each crop should also be considered.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2019

Samples (10 mg/mL) of wild Grifola frondosa aqueous extract and solvent fractions were examined for fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, and antioxidative activities to determine the biological activities. The fibrinolytic activity of the aqueous extract and solvent fractions was 0.93 and 0.73 plasmin units/mL, respectively. The thrombin inhibitory activity of the butanol extract was 79.60%. The chloroform fraction had high acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (85.88%). The aqueous extract had low antioxidative activity (39.81%). The aqueous fraction hydrolyzed Bβ subunits of human fibrinogen but did not show any reactivity for the γ form of the human fibrinogen. The findings indicate the potential of wild Grifola frondosa for the development of drugs and bio-functional foods to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.104-132
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• 2014

This study was conducted to survey the diversity and distribution of mushrooms growing spontaneously on Jeju Island in the last eight years. Approximately 2,000 specimens of mushrooms were collected in Gotjawal, Hallasan Natural Park, and Oreum, the habitats where a rich diversity of mushrooms was expected, from 2006 to 2013. They were identified as 74 families, 213 genera and 511 species. Thus, including 69 families, 99 genera and 561 species from the previous study conducted in 2005, a total of 83 families, 257 genera and 740 species of wild mushrooms have been recorded. This study would support new information for fungal flora in Korea and preliminary data for further studies on mushroom diversity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 1983

The short period fermentation of the mushroom compost was studied as a method for the labor saving and mechanization of composting. Rice straw was crushed, watered and supplemented with organic nutrient sources. The straw-nutrient mixtures prepared were stacked and turned for short periods at the phase I and the phase II was carried out for 8 days. The total nitrogen of the short compost was lower than that of the conventional straw compost and it caused the yield decrease. The productivity of the short compost could be improved by the supplement of nurient sources. The effective nutrients were perilla meal and rice bran. Higher microflora of the rice straw-nutrient mixture during fermentation could shorten the composting period. For the short compost method the proper period of the phase I was 5 days.

• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.467-474
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• 2015

Development of efficient substrate formulas to improve yield and shorten production time is one of the prerequisites for commercial cultivation of edible mushrooms. In this study, fifteen substrate formulas consisting of varying ratios of palm press fibre (PPF), mahogany sawdust (MS), Gmelina sawdust, wheat bran (WB), and fixed proportions of 1% calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$) and 1% sucrose were assessed for efficient Lentinus squarrosulus production. Proximate compositions of mushrooms produced on the different substrate formulas were also analysed and compared. Substrate formulations containing 85% PPF, 13% WB, 1% $CaCO_3$, and 1% sucrose were found to produce the highest carpophore yield, biological efficiency and size (206.5 g/kg, 61.96%, and 7.26 g, respectively). Days to production (first harvest) tended to increase with an increase in the amount of WB in the substrate formulas, except for PPF based formulas. The addition of WB in amounts equivalent to 8~18% in substrate formulas containing 80~90% PPF resulted in a decrease in the time to first harvest by an average of 17.7 days compared to 80~90% MS with similar treatment. Nutritional content of mushrooms was affected by the different substrate formulas. Protein content was high for mushrooms produced on formulas containing PPF as the basal substrate. Thus, formulas comprising PPF, WB, $CaCO_3$, and sucrose at 85% : 13% : 1% : 1%) respectively could be explored as starter basal ingredients for efficient large scale production of L. squarrosulus.