• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.400-408
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• 2001

The mushroom pickles were prepared as a processed mushroom product. The changes in pH, total acidity, brix. color and texture of the mushroom pickles (Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus eryngii) were measured during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$. In addition, sensory evaluations on the mushroom pickles were performed. While the pH of Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus pickles declined slowly, the pH of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus eryngii pickles declined rapidly during storage. The total acidity of Lentinus edodes pickles rose slowly, while the acidity Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus eryngii pickles rose rapidly. As for the color of mushroom pickles, "L" , "a" and "b" values changed slightly. The changes in texture were determined by a rheometer Hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and brittleness of Lentinus edodes pickles were lower than those of the other mushroom pickles. In the sensory evaluation of mushroom pickles, Lentinus edodes showed higher acceptability ratings than the other mushrooms in taste, color, clearness, texture and overall acceptability. This study showed that among the mushrooms tested, Lentinus edodes was the most acceptable mushroom pickle for storage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1560-1568
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the yield, nutrient characteristics, ruminal solubility, degradability and disappearance of spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrates for ruminants. The annual yield of spent Agaricus bisporus substrates was measured to be about 210,000 tons (M/T) in South Korea. The surface soil-removed spent substrates had nutritional characteristics of high crude ash (375 g/kg) and Ca (32 g/kg), medium protein (134 g/kg CP), and high fiber (384 g/kg NDF on a DM basis). Compared with initial mushroom substrates, spent mushroom substrates had twice higher (p<0.0001) CP content and 22.0% lower (p<0.0001) NDF content on an organic matter basis. Compared with raw rice straw, spent rice straw had much higher (p<0.05) predicted ruminal degradabilities and disappearances of DM and CP and a little lower (p<0.05) predicted degradability and disappearance of NDF. In conclusion, the general feed-nutritional value of spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrates appeared to improve after cultivation of mushrooms.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2015

Twenty Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used to assess genetic diversity of 64 Agaricus strains including 45 A. bisporus strains and other 19 Agaricus spp. ISSR primers, (GA)T, (AG)YC, (GA)C and (CTC) amplified PCR polymorphic bands between the Agaricus species or within A. bisporus strains. PCR polymorphic bands were inputted for UPGMA cluster analysis. The varieties, Saea, Saedo, Saejeong and Saeyeon that have recently been developed in Korea were involved in the same group with closely genetic relationship of coefficient similarity over 0.92, whereas, other Korean strains were genetically related to A. bisporus strains that were introduced from USA, Eroupe and Chinese. Furthermore, ISSR-PCR polymorphism could potentially be used to identify homokaryon isolates.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.328-335
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• 2017

In this study, we made a population with high biological efficiency (BE) to investigate the complex genetic architecture of yield-related traits in Agaricus bisporus. MB-013 crossed between bisp 015-p2 and bisp 034-p2, had high BE. Additionally MB-013 was an intervarietal hybrid that intercrosses with A. bisporus var. burnettii, bisp 015, and A. bisporus var. bisporus, bisp 034. One hundred and seventy homokaryons were selected using the cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers (PIN primer/HaeIII) from 300 single spore isolates (SSIs). One hundred $BC_1F_1$ hybrids were obtained by crossing the homokaryons of MB-013 with bisp15-p1. The population of 100 BC1F1 hybrids is suitable for analyses of BE.

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 2016

Breeding the button mushroom requires genetic information about its strains. This study was undertaken to genetically characterize four domestically bred button mushroom strains (Saea, Saejung, Saedo, Saeyeon cultivars) and to assess the possibility of using the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) region of rDNA as a genetically variable region in the genetic characterization. For the experiment, 34 strains of Agaricus bisporus, two strains of A. bitorquis, and one strain of A. silvaticus, from 17 countries were used. Nucleotide sequence analysis of IGS1 rDNA in these 37 Agaricus strains confirmed that genetic variations exist, not only among the four domestic strains, but also between the four domestic strains and foreign strains. Crossing two different haploid strains of A. bisporus seems to generate genetic variation in the IGS1 region in their off-spring haploid strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the IGS1 sequence revealed all A. bisporus strains could be differentiated from A. silvaticus and A. bitorquis strains. Five genetic groups were resolved among A. bisporus strains. Saejung and Saeyeon cultivars formed a separate genetic group. Our results suggest that IGS1 could be complementarily applied in the polymorphism analysis of button mushroom.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2021

Agaricus bisporus, commonly known as the button mushroom, is widely cultivated throughout the world. To breed new strains with more desirable traits and improved adaptability, diverse germplasm, including wild accessions, is a valuable genetic resource. To better understand the genetic diversity available in A. bisporus and identify previously unknown diversity within accessions, a phylogenetic analysis of 360 Agaricus spp. accessions using single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was performed. Genetic relationships were compared using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) among accessions with known origins and accessions with limited collection data. The accessions clustered into four groups based on the PCoA with regard to genetic relationships. A subset of 67 strains, which comprised a core collection where repetitive and uninformative accessions were not included, clustered into 7 groups following analysis. Two of the 170 accessions with limited collection data were identified as wild germplasm. The core collection allowed for the accurate analysis of A. bisporus genetic relationships, and accessions with an unknown pedigree were effectively grouped, allowing for origin identification, by PCoA analysis in this study.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2014

Agaricus bisporus, commonly known as the button mushroom, is the most widely cultivated species of edible fungi. Low frequency of recombination ratio and homokaryotic or monokaryotic spore on meiotic basidia form obstacles for breeding programs. Since the first hybrid varieties for white button mushrooms were released in Europe, new varieties released afterwards were either identical of very similar to these first hybrids on morphologies. Therefore, different DNA markers have been used to define unique varieties of A. bisporus strains. Aim of this study is to assess the genetic diversity of different A. bisporus strains in Korea. Twelve UFP (Universal fungal primer, JK BioTech. Ltd), 12 simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and 30 SSR primers were used to assess genetic diversity of monokaryotic and dikaryotic Agaricus bisporus strains including other 19 Agaricus spp. Of them, four UFP, four SSR primers, $(GA)_8T$, $(AG)_8YC$, $(GA)_8C$ and $(CTC)_6$ and seven SSR markers produced PCR polymorphic bands between the Agaricus species or within A. bisporus strains. PCR polymorphic bands were inputted for UPGMA cluster analysis. Forty five strains of A. bisporus are genetically clustered into 6 groups, showing coefficient similarity from 0.75 to 0.9 among them. In addition, genetic variations of monokaryotic and dikaryotic Agaricus bisporus strains were partially detected by PCR technologies of this study. The varieties, Saea, saedo, Saejeong and Saeyeon that have recently been developed in Korea were involved in the same group with closely genetic relationship of coefficient similarity over 0.96, whereas, other strains were genetically related to A. bisporus strains that were introduced from USA, Eroupe and Chinese.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.451-454
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• 2001

Fish paste containing mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, was prepared for the supplementary value of the product, and it was tested for the color, textural properties, and sensory attributes. With increasing amounts of the mushroom in fish paste, L value decreased and a value increased in the color changes while the b value was not significantly different. As the result of textural properties, folding test in all test samples showed AA that mean good flexibility. The hardness, elasticity, gumminess and brittleness of fish paste with the mushroom were increased but the strength was not significantly different. In overall acceptance of sensory evaluation, fish paste containing 10% of mushroom received the highest score. These results suggest that Agaricus bisporus can be applied to fish paste for the purpose of the varieties of product.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2020

Agaricus bisporus is an important edible mushroom that is used as a functional food. In this study, European A. bisporus strains were analyzed for genetic diversity, population structure, and genetic differentiation using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. European A. bisporus strains were divided into four groups by distance-based analysis and two subpopulations by model-based analysis. The SSR markers used in this study did not group European A. bisporus strains by geographical region or pileus color. Genetic diversity was high in Group 4 based on distance-based analysis and Pop. 2 based on model-based analysis. A. bisporus strains showed very low genetic differentiation. The results of this study can be used for breeding A. bisporus in the future.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.256-259
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• 2021

Currently, button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus is one of the most consumed mushroom in the world. However, despite of its importance in food market, molecular genetic modification method for breeding of A. bisporus is not well established. In this study, we optimized yield of A. bisporus protoplast with Lysing enzyme, Chimax-N and cellulase. With this composition, 1.0 × 10⁸/mL of protoplasts were obtained reliably. PEG-mediated transformation with spermidine showed almost 100-fold higher yield than non-spermidine method.