• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.922-925
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• 2015

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters for pork belly traits and muscles in Yorkshire pigs. Each pork belly was cut into nine parts perpendicular to the thoracic vertebrae (6th to 14th). Traits of belly muscles including the deep pectoral, latissimus dorsi, cutaneous trunci, rectus abdominis, external and internal abdominal oblique from 382 purebred pigs were recorded and analyzed using SAS Package (9.1) and Derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood methods. Heritability estimates for belly traits ranged from 0.27 to 0.49, while they were 0.12 to 0.66 for belly muscles. Moderate to high heritability estimates were noted in belly weight (0.33), belly length (0.28), and belly width (0.49). In belly muscles, the latissimus dorsi and deep pectoral, which are located only in the 6th to 9th vertebrae sections, were found to have heritability estimates ranging from 0.21 to 0.29 and 0.23 to 0.35, respectively. Strong heritability estimates were observed in the 7th to 13th sections of cutaneous trunci muscle ranging from 0.42 to 0.66. Genetic correlations of latissimus dorsi m. with belly length were positive (0.50), while cutaneous trunci m. with belly weight also revealed a positive relationship that ranged from 0.35 to 0.47. The estimated genetic parameters indicate that belly weight can be improved by genetic selection. Differences in the levels of heritability occurred among various parameters of Yorkshire pork belly, which should be considered when performing selection to improve pork belly quality. Moreover, these results can provide valuable information that can be used as the basis for further investigations to improve pork belly.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 90, 70, and 60 in chicken muscles and their possible relationship with quality traits of meat. Methods: The breast muscles from one hundred broiler chickens were analyzed for drip loss and other quality parameters, and the levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 90, 70, and 60 were determined by immunoblots. Results: Based on the data, chicken breast muscles were segregated into low (drip loss${\leq}5%$), intermediate (5%${\geq}9.5$) drip loss groups. The expression of HSP90 and HSP60 were significantly lower in the high drip loss group compared to that in the low and intermediate drip loss group (p<0.05), while HSP70 was equivalent in abundance in all groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study suggests that higher levels of HSP90 and HSP60 may be advantageous for maintenance of cell function and reduction of water loss, and they could act as potential indicator for better water holding capacity of meat.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.439-448
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• 2017

얼굴 표정은 상호간의 소통에 있어 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 얼굴 근육의 움직임은 감성 정보를 제공하는데, 이는 사회적 관계를 향상하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 얼굴의 단순 움직임만으로는 복잡한 사회 감성을 인식하기에 정확하지 않다. 본 연구의 목적은 친밀도, 공감도, 긍정도와 같은 사회감성을 인식하기 위한 얼굴의 미세 움직임을 분석하는 것이다. 76명의 피험자를 대상으로 상기 사회감성을 유발하는 자극을 제시하였고 카메라를 사용하여 얼굴 표정을 측정하였다. 결론적으로 친밀함, 공감도, 긍정도의 사회 감성에서 얼굴의 미세움직임이 다르게 나타났다. 총 44개의 얼굴 근육 중 3개의 무의식 근육과 18개의 의식 근육의 움직임 양을 추출한 후, 고속푸리에변환(Fast Fourier Tranform, FFT)을 통하여 (Dominant) Frequency 대역을 확인하였다. 독립 t-검정 결과, 친밀도 상황에서는 코 주변과 볼 주변 근육, 공감도 상황에서는 입 주변 근육, 긍정도 상황에서는 턱 주변 근육에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이는 애니메이션의 가상 아바타 등 얼굴 표정의 새로운 표현요소를 제안하고 근육에 따른 사회감성 인식의 기초 연구로서 활용 가능할 것으로 사료 된다.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2019

In the past, there was a theory that influenza wasn't transmitted directly from birds but was infected to humans via swains. Recently, molecular level research has progressed, and it was confirmed that the avian influenza virus can directly infected to human lung and intestinal epithelial cells. Three pandemicsin the past 100 years were also infected to humans directly from birds. In view of such scientific background, we are developing a method for screening sick birds by monitoring the physiological characteristics of birds in a contactless manner with sensors. Here, the movement of respiratory muscles and abdominal muscles under autonomic innervation was monitored using a magnet and Hall sensor sewn on the thoracic wall, and other multimedia devices. This paper presents and discusses the results of experiments involving continuous periodic noise discovered during flight experiments with a data logger mounted on a Japanese pheasant from 2012 to 2015. A brief summary is given as the below: 1. Magnet and Hall sensor sewn to the left and right chest walls, bipolar electrocardiograms between the thoracic walls, posterior thoracic air sac pressure, angular velocity sensors sewn on the back and hips, and optical reflection of LEDs (blue and green) from the skin of the hips allow observation of periodic vibrations(fasciculations) in the waves. No such analysis has been reported before. 2. These fasciculations are presumed to be derived from muscle to maintain and control air sac pressure. 3. Since each muscle fiber is spatially Gaussian distributed from the sympathetic nerve, the envelope is assumed to plot a Gaussian curve. 4. Since avian trunk muscles contract periodically at all time, we assume that the sympathetic nerve dominates in their control. 5. The technique of sewing a magnet to the thoracic wall and measuring the strength of the magnetic field with a Hall sensor can be applied to screen for early stage of avian influenza, with a sensor attached to the chicken enclosure.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on vital capacity (VC) and inspiratory muscle activation according to the anterior and posterior pelvic tilt positions. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Twenty-six healthy adult men and women, age 19 to 27 years, volunteered to participate in this study. Forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) were measured by desktop spirometer in the pelvic positions during respiration, and muscle activation was recorded from sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, external intercostal, rectus abdominis, and external oblique muscles by surface electromyography (EMG) at the same time. EMG values were normalized by maximum muscle contractions (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction). Subjects were to breathe in as much air as possible and then exhale as quickly as possible in both anterior and posterior pelvic tilt positions. To measure lung capacity, inspiration was measured for 5 seconds and expiration was measured for 7 seconds with data collection taken place during the middle three seconds. Lung capacities were measured in each position three times. Results: For the results of this study, there was a significant increase in both FVC and $FEV_1$ values during the anterior pelvic tilting compared to the posterior pelvic tilting posture (p<0.05). The sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius muscle, rectus abdominus and external oblique muscle activation was significantly increased during anterior pelvic tilt compared to the posterior pelvic tilt position (p<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that pelvic anterior tilt position could be more effective for vital capacity and respiratory muscles activation during respiration.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2013

보툴리눔 톡신은 신경독소로, 운동신경 말단부위에서 분비되는 아세틸콜린의 분비를 차단하여 근육의 위축을 유발하게 된다. 의학계 및 치의학계에서는 이를 이용하여 다양한 질환을 치료하는 것을 시도하고 있다. 치과영역에서는 저작근 수축, 심한 이갈이, 안면 틱, 구강안면 운동장애, 교근비대의 치료 등 과활성 근육성 질환을 치료하는 데 사용하고 있다. 악안면 영역에 보툴리눔 톡신을 주입하고 난 뒤 발생되고 있는 합병증으로는, 자연스럽지 못한 안면표정, 통증의 증가, 두통 등이 유발될 수 있다고 보고되고 있다. 본 증례에서는 교근부에 보툴리눔 톡신 주입 후 발생된 전방 개교합 증상에 대하여 보고하고자 한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the muscle activity of the abdominalis and erector spinae during bridging and unilateral bridging exercises on the firm surface, the sir-fit, and the foam roll. Eighteen healthy young subjects were recruited for this study. Surface electromyographic (EMG) activities were recorded from the both sides of the rectus abdominalis, external obliques, internal obliques, and erector spinae muscles during bridging and unilateral bridging-exercises. A one-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the EMG activity of each muscle according to the support surface condition. Differences in the EMG activities between the bridging and unilateral bridging exercises, and between the right and left side were assessed using a paired t-test. The study showed that the EMG activities of all of the muscles were significantly higher when the bridging exercise was performed using the foam roll or sit-fit than on the firm surface. The EMG activities of the right rectus abdominis, right external obliques, the right internal oblique, and both erector spinae were significantly higher during unilateral bridging ex exercise using the foam roll or the sit-fit than on the firm surface. The EMG activities of all of the muscles were significantly higher during the unilateral bridging exercise than during the bridging exercise. Based on these finding, performing the unilateral bridging exercise using the sit-fit or the foam roll is a useful method for facilitating trunk muscle strength and lumbar stability.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Background: Flexion-relaxation phenomenon (FRP) was a term which refers to a sudden onset of myoelectric silence in the erector spinae muscles of the back during standing full forward flexion. Hamstring muscle length may be related to specific pelvic and trunk movements. Many studies have been done on the FRP of the erector spinae muscles. However, no studies have yet investigated the influence of hamstring muscle flexibility on the FRP of the hamstring muscle and lumbopelvic kinematics during forward bending. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine the flexion-relaxation ratio (FRR) of the hamstring muscles and lumbopelvic kinematics and compare them during forward bending in subjects with different hamstring muscle flexibility. Methods: The subjects of two different groups were recruited using the active knee extension test. Group 1-consisted of 13 subjects who had a popliteal angle under $30^{\circ}$; Group 2-consisted of 13 subjects who had a popliteal angel above $50^{\circ}$. The kinematic parameters during the trunk bending task were recorded using a motion analysis system and the FRRs of the hamstring muscles were calculated. Differences between the groups were identified with an independent t-test. Results: The subjects with greater hamstring length had significantly less lumbar spine flexion movement and more pelvic flexion movement. The subjects with greater pelvic flexion movement had a higher rate of flexion relaxation during full trunk bending (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that differences in hamstring muscle flexibility might cause changes in people's hamstring muscle activity and lumbopelvic kinematics.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.74-88
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• 1991

In order to study the effects of Goosunsan known clinically for their effects of treatment for cough and asthmas the study was carried out to investigate the effect of Goosunsan extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig's vaviovs kinds smooth muscles and elucidate its mechanism The result were obtained as follows: 1. The isolated trachea & ileum smooth muscles of guinea pig was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated kreb's Henselsite bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with Isometric transducer (nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g. 2. The isolated trachea & ileum smooth muscles of guinea pig was remakably relaxed by the administration of Goosunsan. 3. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to histamine 10-4 M was remakably by Goosunsan extract. 4. The contractile response of the ileum smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to histamine 10-4 M was remakably by Goosunsan extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine 10-4 M was remakably by Goosunsan extract. 6. The contractile response of the ileum smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine 10-4 M was remakably by Goosunsan. 7. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to 5-hydroxytryptamine 10-4 M was remakably by Goosunsan. 8. The contractile response of the ileum smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to 5-hydroxytryptamine 10-4 M was remakably by Goosunsan.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of daily exercise before steroid treatment on mass, the type I and II fiber cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content of hindlimb muscles in a rat model. Method: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group(n=10) that had a normal saline injection for 7days, a steroid group(n=10) that had a steroid injection for 7days, and an exercise-steroid group(n=10) that ran on the treadmill for 7days before a steroid treatment. Body weight and food intake were measured every day. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Result: The exercise-steroid group showed significant increases as compared with the steroid group in body weight, muscle weight of the soleus and gastrocnemius, type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris, and myofibrillar protein content of the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius. As compared with the control group, the steroid group showed significant decreases in body weight and diet intake, muscle weight, the type II fiber cross-sectional area and myofibrillar protein content of the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles. Conclusion: Daily exercise before steroid treatment attenuates hindlimb muscle atrophy, with type II muscle changes more apparent than type I muscle changes.