• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 1984

용매추출법에 의한 정어리 백색육중의 지질을 hexane으로 추출하여 추출속도 이론과의 연관성을 구명하고 또한 추출속도에 미치는 인자중 온도 및 수분함량의 영향을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 정어리 지질의 추출은 초기와 후기로 나누어지며 율속단계인 후기에서의 확산계수를 구하기 위하여 Fick의 비정상 상태 확산이론을 적용시키는 것은 가능하다. 2. $30^{\circ}C,\;45^{\circ}C,\;60^{\circ}C$의 추출온도에서 이론과의 연관성이 가장 좋았던 것은 $30^{\circ}C$의 경우였으며 $45^{\circ}C,\;60^{\circ}C$의 경우에서는 이론보다 빠르게 진행되었으나 오차의 범위내에 있었다. 3. 추출속도의 온도의존성은 추출곡선의 기울기 (K)에 대하여 절대온도(T)의 11승에 비례하여 증가하였다. 4. 수분함량이 추출속도에 미치는 영향은 $32.42\%$에서 적을수록 추출속도는 빨랐으며. 추출곡선의 기울기(K)는 수분함량 $1\%$의 감소에 대략 $0.53{\times}10^{-6}cm^2/sec$씩 증가하였다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2005

We investigated the effects of diet manipulation on pro- and macro-glycogen accumulation and mobilization during exercise in different kinds of muscle fiber and tissue. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups representing one of two dietary conditions: high fat (HF, n=16) or standard chow (CHOW, n=16). Each dietary group was fm1her divided into control (REST, n=8) and exercise (EXE, n=8). After an eight-week dietary intervention period, the animals in EXE swam for 3 hours while the animals in REST remained at rest Skeletal muscle (soleus, red gastrocnemius and white gastrocnemius) and liver samples were then dissected out and used for analyses. 1here was no statistical difference in body weight between the animals in the HF and mow groups (p>.05). Three hours of exercise significantly increased plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in the animals in the CHOW group but not in the animals in the HF group. Both citrate. synthase (CS) and $\beta$-hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase ($\beta$-HAD) activities in skeletal muscles were higher in the HF group than in the mow group. CS and $\beta$-HAD activities were also the highest in red gastrocnemius and the lowest in white gastrocnemius. At both time points (i.e., rest and immediately after exercise) intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) and liver TG concentrations were significantly higher in the HF compared to the CHOW. IMTG and liver TG changed selectively in the CHOW. Except in white gastrocnemius muscle, there was no significant difference in total glycogen content between HF and mow at rest. Although exercise significantly lowered total glycogen content in all groups and tissues (p<.05), the degree of reduction was markedly greater in the mow than in the HF. Whereas changes in proglycogen concentration showed a trend similar to those of total glycogen, alterations in macroglycogen concentrations clearly differed from those of total glycogen. Specifically, the degree of reduction of macroglycogen following three hours of exercise was substantially greater in the CHOW than in the HF. These results suggest that metabolic alterations induced by a long-term high fat diet may be caused by macro-glycogen rather than pro-glycogen.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle is process by which depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane, elicited by a nerve action potential, triggers the release of $Ca^{2+}$ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR). The resulting rise in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration$([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ activates the troponin complex, thereby initiating the contraction of the muscle. The question remains as to what factors are involved in the inhibition of SR $Ca^{2+}$ release in fatigued muscle. The purpose of this study was determine whether ATP-sensitive $K^+(K_{ATP})$ channels are activated and contribute to decrease in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ during fatigue development in the mouse skeletal muscle. To elucidate a role of $K_{ATP})$ in relation to ECC, I measured the modulation effects of $K_{ATP})$ channel blocker(glibenclamide) and opener(pinacidil) on $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ after fatiguing electrical field stimulation(FEFS). Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ signals were recorded by conforcal laser microscopy(LSM 410) and monitored using the fluorescent $Ca^{2+}$-Sensitive indicator Fluo-3 AM. The results of this study were as followed: 1. The relative [Ca2'li after FEFS in the pre-glibenclamide-treated group was higher than the control. And relative $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ after FEFS in the pre-glibenclamide-treated group was lower than the control. 2. The relative $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ after FEFS for 3 min in the control, pre-glibenclamide-treated group and pre-pinacidil-treated group showed a similar pattern; the gradually significant decrease in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. But, these decreasing pattern was most significant in the control. These findings suggest a tight relationship between $K_{ATP})$ and $Ca^{2+}$ in ECC during fatigue. Therefore, 1 thought that activation of $K_{ATP})$ channels may be one of mechanisms of the fatigue in skeletal muscle.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to study for the change of neural adaptation by muscle contraction force when neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) was applied. Sixteen subjects(8 male, 8 female) without neuromuscular disease volunteered to participate in the study. All subjects were divided into two subgroups: control(no electrical stimulation) group, NMES(50% maximal voluntary isometric contraction) group. NMES training program was performed in the calf muscle over three times a week for 12 weeks. Before and after experiment MVIC of ankle plantar flexor was measured by use of dynamometer. H-reflex and V-wave in tibial nerve were measured. The following results were obtained; MVIC and V/Mmax ratio were significantly increased in the electrical stimulation groups. However, H/Mmax ratio was not changed. It was closely relationship between MVIC and V/Mmax ratio. In this study, the effect of neural adaptation of central neural adaptation was found in this study. Accordingly, NMES means not only a change of muscle fiber and skeletal muscle volume but also a effect of neural adaptation of central neural drive. Also, it was found that there was closely relationship between MVIC and neural adaptation of central neural drive by NMES.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2001

본 논물에서는 척수 손상으로 인하여 암이 수축 및 이완시 미약한 근전도, 신호를 발생시키는 환자로부터 명확한 수축 및 이완 패턴을 추출하기 위한 신호 처리 기법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법은 비선형 고정 필터의 일종인 FatBear 필터를 이용하여 거대 운동단위 활동전위로 의심되는 충격 잡음을 제거하고 웨이브렛 평면에서 비선형 멀티 스케일 필터링 기법을 이용하여 가산 잡음을 제거하는 것으로서 횡단성 척수염으로 인한 마미 증후근을 보이는 환자들에게 적용하여 명확한 수축 및 이완 패턴을 추출할 수 있었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2007

인공 종묘 생산한 황복 (Takifugu obscurus)자어의 사육 중에 발생한 척추 변형의 원인을 조사하기 위하여 변형어를 병리조직학적으로 조사하였다. 척추 변형은 부화 후 80일령의 황복으로 변형의 발생율은 전체 사육 미수의 약 90%였다. 변형어를 soft-X ray로 촬영한 결과 부레의 팽창은 정상적이었으며, 병리조직학적으로는 변형이 발생한 척추 주변의 근섬유 다발이 소형화되면서 모양도 불규칙하게 변하였다. 그러나 새변 연골은 뒤틀림이나 증생 등은 관찰되지 않았다. 척추 변형이 발생한 종묘 생산장에서는 일반적인 사육 방식보다 1-2일 정도 사육수를 빨리 순환시키면서 급이하고 있었는데, 그 후 황복이 무리를 형성하고 나서, 급이하면서 사육수를 환수한 결과 변형의 발생은 없었다. 병어의 조직학적 변화를 사육방식과 더불어 고찰하였을 때, 유영 능력이 불완전한 황복에 급이하면서 사육수를 환수시킴으로써 황복이 먹이를 섭취하기 위하여 수류에 저항하면서 유영한 것이 척추 변형의 원인으로 작용하였을 것으로 생각한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2012

This study was to determine the effect of exercise on the recovery of dopaminergic neuron loss and muscle atrophy in 6-OHDA-induced hemi Parkinson's disease model. Exercise was loaded twice per day for 30 minutes each time, at 5 days after 6-OHDA lesioning and continued for 16 days using a treadmill. Exercise significantly increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neuron in the lesioned substantia nigra and the expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum compared with the control group. To examine which signaling pathways may be involved in the exercise, the phosphorylation of $GSK3{\beta}$ and ERK were observed in the striatum. In the control group, basal level of $GSK3{\beta}$ phosphorylation was less than in both striatum, but exercise increased it. ERK phosphorylation decreased in the lesioned striatum, but exercise recovered it. These findings suggest that exercise inactivates $GSK3{\beta}$ by phosphorylation which may be involved in the neuroprotective effect of exercise on the 6-OHDA-induced cell death. In the exercise group, weight, and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of the contralateral soleus significantly recovered and expression of myosin heavy chain and Akt and ERK phosphorylation significantly increased by exercise. These results suggest that exercise recovers Parkinson's disease induced dopaminergic neuron loss and contralateral soleus muscle atrophy.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.834-842
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on recovery of muscle atrophy induced by Parkinson's disease. Methods: The rat model was established by direct injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 20 ${\mu}g$) into the left striatum using stereotaxic surgery. Rats were divided into two groups; the Parkinson's disease group with vehicle treatment (Vehicle; n=12) or DHEA treatment group (DHEA; n=22). DHEA or vehicle was administrated intraperitoneally daily at a dose of 0.34 mmol/kg for 21 days. At 22-days after DHEA treatment, soleus, plantaris, and striatum were dissected. Results: The DHEA group showed significant increase (p<.01) in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in the lesioned side substantia nigra compared to the vehicle group. Weights and Type I fiber cross-sectional areas of the contralateral soleus of the DHEA group were significantly greater than those of the vehicle group (p=.02, p=.00). Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation significantly decreased in the lesioned striatum, but was recovered with DHEA and also in the contralateral soleus muscle, Akt and ERK phosphorylation recovered significantly and the expression level of myosin heavy chain also recovered by DHEA treatment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that DHEA treatment recovers Parkinson's disease induced contralateral soleus muscle atrophy through Akt and ERK phosphorylation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 1982

뱀장어의 동결저장 및 해동후에 일어나는 섬유의 변화를 현미경적으로 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 동결 1개월 후의 조직은 근세포내외에 수결정이 많이 생겼으며 $-40^{\circ}C$ 저장한 것은 세포내에 수결정이 생성하고, $-20^{\circ}C$로 저장한 것은 세포외에 수결정이 생겼다. 2. 해동후의 피하지방층은 저장온도에 관련없이 별 변화가 없었으나, 근육조직은 높은 온도($-20^{\circ}C$)로 저장한 것이 근세포의 복원도 불충분하고 탈수변형이 심하였다. 3. 근육파쇄편을 현미경 관찰한 결과, 동결한 것은 투명감이 소실되고, 건조한 것은 변형수축되며, 가열한 것은 수분유리 및 변형이 일어난다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.244-246
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• 2007

20 개월령의 알라스칸 말라뮤트 견에서 특발성 다발성근염의 임상증상과 병리학적 소견을 서술하였다. 임상 증상은 급성 허약을 동반한 진행성 운동불내성, 근 위축, 후지의 동시적 걸음걸이, 계란 위를 발끝으로 걷듯 짧고 경직된 걸음 등을 보였다. 신체검사와 임상검사에서는 신경계나 골격계 그리고 다른 질병과 관련된 이차적인 근 질환의 증거가 없었다. 그래서 가장 근 위축이 심한 부위에서 병리조직 검사를 위한 근 생검을 실시하였다. 골격근의 병리검사 결과 근 섬유의 괴사와 함께 단핵세포의 침윤이 관찰되어, 특발성 다발성근염으로 진단하였다. 초기치료는 통증경감과 보조치료를 시작하여 프레드니손 2 mg/kg를 경구로 매일 투여하는 면역억제 요법을 시행하였다. 3주 후 환자는 혈액, 혈청학적 검사에서 정상으로 회복될 뿐만 아니라 걸음걸이, 식욕, 운동의 향상을 나타냈다.