• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.136-144
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• 2007

Biotae Orientalis has been widely used for treatment of relaxion of smooth muscle, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and alopecia in Oriental Medicine. This experiment examined the effect of an extracts, obtained from the acetone and MeOH extracts of dried or fresh Biotae Orientalis, on hair growing activity of the C57BL/6N mice after topical application to skin. First, We examined on hair growth activity of extracts of Biotae Orientalis compare to control and 1% minoxidil groups. Second, We investigated on the number of hair follicle and mast cells after topical application of extracts of the Biotae Orientalis to skin for 16 day. Third, We investigated immunoreactive density of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), protein kinase C-${\alpha}$(PKC-${\alpha}$) and stem(mast) cell factor(SCF) in skin of C57BL/6N mice by immunohistochemical methods. I fourth investigated changes of subpopulation of splenocytes and thymocytes in C57BL/6N mice for 16day using laser flow cytometry. The results were as follows : Hair growing effect of acetone and MeOH extracts of dried and fresh Biotae Orientalis was observed in 70%, 90% and 60% in hair removed skin area in 16 day respectively. Immunoreactive density of VEGF and PKC-${\alpha}$ in skin of experimental groups was weakly stained compare to control group in 10 day. Immunoreactive density of stem cell factor in skin of experimental group was heavily stained compare to control group in 10 day. Splenic TH/TC Iymphocytes of lived MeOH extracts group significantly increased compare to control group. TH cells in thymic T lymphocytes were increased compare to control group. These experiment suggest that acetone and MeOH extracts of Biotae Orientalis may be used for topical treatment of alopecia areata.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of metatarsal pad (MP) compared with barefoot and MP with using different insoles on gait. 15 healthy females who had no history of injury in the lower extremity with an average age of 22.7 year(SD=1.35), height of 160 cm(SD=3.4), weight of 48.8 kg(SD=5.52) and average foot size of 232.5 mm(SD=6.8) participated in this study as the subjects. The subjects walked on a treadmill under four different experimental conditions: 1) walking with barefoot, 2) walking wearing MP 3) walking wearing a soft insole with MP(SIMP), 4) walking wearing a rigid insole with MP(HIMP). During walking, foot pressure data such as force, contacting area, peak pressure, and mean pressure was collected using Pedar-X System(Novel Gmbh, Germany) and EMG activity of lower limb muscles such as tibialis anterior(TA), lateral gastrocnemius(LG), rectus femoris(RF), and musculus biceps femoris(MBF) was gathered using Delsys EMG Work System(Delsys, USA). Collected data was then analyzed using paired t-test in order to investigate the effects of each of experimental conditions. As a result of the analysis, when MP and HIMP were equipped, overall contacting area was increased while the force, peak pressure and the mean pressure were decreased. Especially, when the SIMP was equipped, every data were significantly decreased. In case of EMG, wearing MP, SIMP and HIMP made three muscles(TA, LG, RF)'s activity decrease. A result of the analysis will be able to apply for manufacturing functional shoes, diabetes shoes, senior shoes and lower extremity orthosis. Significance of the study due to a metatarsal pad and the insole is to analyze the changes in muscle strength.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.31-43
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this case study was to proposed a introduction and result of the disabled with stroke in community using services of Community-Based Rehabilitation. Methods : The subject was a 63-years old female patient with stroke who first visit to Public health center in July. She was evaluated on activity daily living action level by using the Modified Barthel Index(MBI) and depression level by using Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). The intervention that was suggested by WHO were Community-Based Rehabilitation(CBR) and general occupational therapy. We were applied from April, 27th 2011, to November 30th, 2011 by occupational therapist. Results : The patient's total MBI score increased from 35 to 55, it means that activity daily living performance capacity was improved. And BDI score decreased from 26 to 14, it means that depressed symptoms were in great decline. She could stand until 5-10 minutes at first, but later stand over 30minutes now. It means her muscle strength and endurance level was increased. The patient's mood condition also was stabilized and then she often showed her smiling face during the therapy. And her protector feels the client's change too. Conclusion : We could know that function level and quality of life of the patient with stroke who return to the community was improved through service of community-based rehabilitation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.486-491
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• 2012

Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family, is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth and maintenance. The MSTN prodomain inhibits MSTN biological activity. The rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis is an excellent primary live feed for fish larvae in aquaculture; however, it is not known whether the rotifer expresses MSTN and the MSTN prodomain along with its activity. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of recombinant MSTN prodomains. Individual cultures of the rotifer B. rotundiformis were carried out to determine the effect of recombinant MSTN prodomains (pMALc2x-poMSTNpro and pMALc2x-sMSTNpro) on the pre-reproductive phase, reproductive phase, post-reproductive phase, offspring, lifespan, fecundity, and male ratio. In addition, a population culture of the rotifer was performed to confirm the effects of pMALc2x-poMSTNpro and pMALc2x-sMSTNpro on population growth. The results showed that the rotifer treated with pMALc2x-pMSTNpro had a reduced pre-reproductive phase at higher concentrations (1, 2, and 4 ${\mu}g/ml$) compared to the non-treated control group. Moreover, the pMALc2xsMSTNpro treated rotifer effectively decreased the pre-reproductive phase at a lower concentration (0.25 ${\mu}g/ml$) compared to the pMALc2x-pMSTNpro treated and control group. Interestingly, pMALc2x-poMSTNpro and pMALc2x-sMSTNpro significantly increased the population of $B.$ $rotundiformis$.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 1990

The albinic phenomenon of flat-fish (Paralichthys olivaceus) was investigated by measuring protein content, tyrosinase activity, amino acid composition, and contents of vitamin A and C. These materials in the flat-fish feed-stuff were also tested. The amount of skin protein was higher than that of muscle in normal flat-fish. Catechol and L-dopa oxidase activity did not differ between normal and albinic flat-fish. The free amino acid of skin in normal flat-fish was 7.5 times that in albinic one. Sulfur-containing amino acid in normal flat-fish was also 6.3 times that in albinic ones. Vitamin A was not detected in both of flat-fish. The content of vitamin C in normal flat-fish was 7.8 times that in albinic one. The contents of protein, sulfur-containing amino acid and vitamin C in micro-encapsulated feed (one commercial feed in Japan) were the highest among the feed-stuff used in this experiment. The melanin formation of flat-fish skin was affected by substrates such as aromatic amino acid and cofactor such as sulfur amino acid.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

Purpose: To report the clinical results of patients treated for a rupture of the distal tendon of biceps brachii Materials and Methods: Between February 1987 and March 2004, we treated 16 patients with a rupture of the distal tendon of biceps brachii. 9 of 16 patients underwent surgical treatment. All cases were male, median age was 26.3(range, 16-48) years. The mean interval between injury and surgery was 4.7 days (range, 1~36 days). Operative correction was performed anatomically, using the two-incision technique(3 cases) or one-incision technique(6 cases). Clinical outcomes were evaluated one year after operation by assessing the review about the physical examination finding and radiologic findings with surgical findings, range of motion, muscle strength, subjective satisfaction, activity and return to previous occupation. and via telephone interview in cases of conservative treatment. Results: In cases of surgical treatment, 85.8%, 86.3% of flexion-extension and supination-pronation motion than healthy side were measured respectively. 75% of flexion power than healthy side was measured. Eight of nine(89%) were very satisfied. Eightl of nine returned to original job. In cases of conservative treatment, 65% of flexion power than pre-injury state was reported. Four of seven were satisfied, two were dissatisfied, one was very dissatisfied. Three of seven returned to original job. Conclusion: Early anatomic reconstruction can restore more strength and endurance for supination and flexion range and power. Conservative management may be considered for partial injuries, but operative repair must be considered in complete rupture, athletes, patient with high activity.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.313-318
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• 1986

Primary aldosteronism is a disease that the stimulus for the excessive aldosterone production resides within the adrenal gland. It was first described by conn in 1955. And many cases were reported by physicians at present in the world. But it is relatively rare in Korea, probably due to lack of attension and medical facilities. Only about 13 cases have been reported at present. The clinical, biochemical features in 1 case of primary aldosteranism caused by adrenal hyperplasia that was diagnosed at Yeungnam University Hospital was observed and the following result were obtained. 1. Clinical feature: The present case was 27-year-old woman who was admitted due to general weakness and easy fatigability. The above mensioned chief complaints occurred 8 months prior to admission when she delivered of second baby by cesarian section. Symptoms such as above chief complaints, intermittent muscle paralysis and cramping were noticed. Trousseau's sign was also present. The average blood pressure ranged from 170/90 to 200/120. 2. Biochemical abnormalities: Severe hypokalemia lower than 2.5 mEq/L was presented and 24 hours urine potassium showed markedly increased urinary loss.(228 mEq/day). Plasma renin activity was decreased under normal range with furosemide administration.(Basal renin; 0.01ng/ml/hr, stimulated renin 0.12ng/ml/hr). Saline suppression test revealed markedly elevated levels of aldosterone higher than normal range. (Basal aldosterone; 320.68pg/ml stimulated aldosterone; 451.86pg/ml). And posture test showed decreased plasma renin activity and increased plasma aldosterone level. - PRA(ng/ml/hr)=Bsal: 0.05(0.15~2.33), Stimulated: 0.22(1.31~3.95) - Aldosterone(pg/ml)=Bsal: 242.77(10~160), Stimulated: 432.09(40~310) 3. Adrenal CT scan revealed no abnormal findings. 4. Treatment and course: Spironolactone was given at OPD with regular follow-up. Her blood pressure ranged from 150/90 to 160/100 and symptoms were improved. The effect of treatment was satisfactory and further follow up would be performed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.398-407
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• 2020

Objective: The Yip1 domain family (YIPF) proteins were proposed to function in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi transport and maintenance of the morphology of the Golgi, which were homologues of yeast Yip1p and Yif1p. YIPF3, the member 3 of YIPF family was a homolog of Yif1p. The aim of present study was to investigate the expression and regulation mechanism of porcine YIPF3. Methods: Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to analyze porcine YIPF3 mRNA expression pattern in different tissues and pig kidney epithelial (PK15) cells stimulated by polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly [I:C]). Site-directed mutations combined with dual luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were employed to reveal transcription regulation mechanism of porcine YIPF3. Results: Results showed that the mRNA of porcine YIPF3 (pYIPF3) was widely expressed with the highest levels in lymph and lung followed by spleen and liver, while weak in heart and skeletal muscle. Subcellular localization results indicated that it expressed in Golgi apparatus and plasma membranes. Upon stimulation with poly (I:C), the level of this gene was dramatically up-regulated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. pYIPF3 core promoter region harbored three cis-acting elements which were bound by ETS proto-oncogene 2 (ETS2), zinc finger and BTB domain containing 4 (ZBTB4), and zinc finger and BTB domain containing 14 (ZBTB14), respectively. In which, ETS2 and ZBTB4 both promoted pYIPF3 transcription activity while ZBTB14 inhibited it, and these three transcription factors all played important regulation roles in tumorigenesis and apoptosis. Conclusion: The pYIPF3 mRNA expression was regulated by ETS2, ZBTB4, and ZBTB14, and its higher expression in immune organs might contribute to enhancing ER to Golgi transport of proteins, thus adapting to the immune response.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 1973

Metabolic responses to the protein-free, high-carbohydrate diet and subsequent food restriction on the same diet at the level of 50% and 75% has been studied on the adult albino rats. The energy source was either corn starch or sugar. In experiment I, adult male rats weighing $509{\pm}8g$ were divided into two groups 10 rats each. Rats fed on the stock diet served as a control. Rats of restriction group received a protein free diet until they reduced their weight down to 400g and continue on a protein-calorie restriction diet until they reduced their weight down to 300g. In experiment II, 28 adult male rats and the same numbers of female rats weighing $329{\pm}5g$ and $223{\pm}4g$ respectively were divided into four groups, 7 males and females in each. Rats fed on a stock diet were sacrificed at the point when others started a protein free diet. These were served as the control. The protein free group received a protein free diet ad libitum for 4 weeks. The 50% restriction group and 75% restriction group were fed on a protein free diet coupled with food restriction at levels of 50% and 75% respectively for 3 weeks. In the result of this study: 1. The rate of body weight changes was similar between the males and the females. Feeding protein free diet ad lib. initiated a rapid weight lost of approximately 25% and protein free diet coupled with food restriction showed 37-43% reduction of their initial weight. 2. There was no significant differences in the value of the N concentration in liver, spleen, brain and muscle between controls and experimental groups. 3. Rats fed on protein free diet showed 1/10 value of the control in the nitrogen excretion in urine. However female showed less N excretion than male. 4. Observing blood picture, the effects of protein depletion and calorie restriction were not appeared any remarkable changes. 5. There was no sign of fatty liver which might result from protein depletion and calorie restriction. 6. Following semi-starvation, FAO and HMP-DH total enzyme activity was reduced, but activity per unit weight was relatively stable.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2005

Cnidii Rhizoma (CR) was subjected to extraction with 70% methanol and tested to determine whether it has anxiolytic activity in mouse by employing staircase and rotarod tests. In addition, to understand the mechanism of anxiolytic action, CR, picrotoxin, yohimbine, isoniazid and strychnine were utilized to deliniate the potential involvement of GABA and glycine receptors in the action of Cnidii Rhizoma. To gain insights into the safety of Cnidii Rhizoma extract, behavioral and MTT tests were carried out. The results were obtained as follows: 1. CR extract had little effect on climbing numbers in the stair case test. 2. CR extract had considerable anti-anxiety effects as evidenced by the reduction of rearing numbers in the stair case test. 3. CR extract had little effect on muscle relaxation. 4. Anxiolytic actions of CR extract appeared to be mediated by glycine receptor activation. 5. Cytotoxicity in the neuronal cell was not observed and no strange behaviors were found. In short, these results indicate that CR extract has the ability to exert anxiolytic activity, possibly by activating glycine receptor with little side effects in mouse.