• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

In the past, European material and method were applied to conservation of Buddhist mural paintings in Korea. At that time, there were inadequate to selection of materials in consideration of porosity and hydrophilicity, therefore insufficiency to assessing their suitability for materials. The treatment result of mural painting are dissatisfied with consolidation of painting layer using synthetic resin. Therefore, it has experimented on applying fixative for reinforcement of painting layer on Buddhist mural painting in order to establish the effects of conservation. In relationship of binder's viscosity, adhesion and penetrating depth, adhesion increased in high-viscosity specimen whereas it decreased in low-viscosity specimen. While the binder's penetrating depths show similar patterns, the surface's response and combination adjacent to painting layer have differences. Animal glue and methyl cellulose (MC) shows excellent performance in their reaction with soil and painting layer. It is estimated that the fixative penetrates deep into soil to produce a stable fixing effect. The viscosity of polyvinyl acetate resin (PVAc) and acrylic resins are low, and thus penetrates well into soil, but they adhere poorly to soil.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.557-568
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• 2018

The manufacturing techniques were studied by investigating a precise analysis on wall structure, features of materials and the painting layer of the bracket mural paintings at Daeungbojeon Hall in Naesosa temple. The wall frame is a single-branch structure, and The mural paintings are composed of 3 layers which are a support layer, a finishing layer and a painting layer. The support layer and the finishing layer are an earth wall that sand and clay such as Quartz, Feldspar, and etc. are mixed. The support and the finishing layers have a combination of medium particle sand and smaller than fine particle sand in the approximate ratios of 0.8:9.2 and 6:4, respectively. Therefore, the aforementioned ratio of sand with medium or large particles is relatively higher in the finishing layer than the support layer. As a result of a precise analysis on the painting layer, it has a relatively thick ground layer for painting which is maximum $456.15{\mu}m$ by using Celadonite or Glauconite and the paintings were colored by using pigments such as Atacamite, Kaolinite or Halloysite, Oxidized steel, and etc. on it. The manufacturing style and the painting techniques of an earth wall are included in the category of the Joseon Dynasty style that have been studied up to now, but the facts that the finishing layer has a high content of sand and a middle layer and chopped straw have not been identified. These are remarkable points in terms of structure and materials, and can be crucial in the evaluation of the state of conservation of mural paintings or preparation of a conservation plan.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.24
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• pp.117-132
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• 2020

The painting layer of Payathonzu temple mural paintings in the ruins of Bagan Myanmar has been damaged due to various reasons. In this study, the applicability of Neem resin, a traditional Myanmar adhesive, as a fixative on the painting layer was examined. Cow glue and Paraloid B-72 were selected as fixatives in the comparison group, and pseudo-specimens with conditions similar to the original mural paintings were produced to examine the changes before and after applying the fixatives and according to the deterioration experiments. As a result of conducting the experiments and comparing the fixatives, it was found that changes on the surface such as smudge, yellowing and gloss are greater with the application of higher concentration of Neem resin than with other fixatives. However, such changes were relatively small under the condition of 4% concentration. It was also confirmed that chromaticity and glossiness vary greatly between before- and after-application of the fixatives but that such discrepancies tend to decrease at 4% concentration compared to other concentrations. As for fixation strength, it was found that the fixation capacity of Neem resin on the base and painting layers is overall higher than other fixatives as the concentration is increased. Therefore, the applicability of 4% concentration of Neem resin as a fixative on the painting layer was confirmed considering the low surface changes according to environmental factors, low color discrepancy and glossiness, and characteristics of excellent fixation strength. It is believed that the findings of this study could be used as basic data for the preservation of Payathonzu temple mural paintings in the future.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.81-108
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• 2020

This study aims to critically consider the local cultural policies of the government and local governments by village mural. Village murals, which began to be painted in the late 1990s, have been a nationwide cultural phenomenon for decades. In particular, it was consistently used as an important element of various local cultural policies implemented by the government and local governments. The government and local governments have been working on the project for two purposes: 'improving the residential environment' and 'activating tourism' but it has largely focused on 'activating tourism'. This study grasped the concrete status of major village murals across the country through field surveys, one of the case study methods. Also, through the analysis of official documents, the government and local governments operating in the village mural project were analyzed for the policy basis and administrative management plan. As a result of on-site surveys, most of the village murals across the country had problems such as uniform subject matter, low level representation, and poor follow-up management. This is partly based on the experiences and abilities of organizations and artists who participated in the village mural project, but fundamentally, it is due to the projects of the government and local governments that focused on short-term visual tourism rather than long-term improvement of the residential environment. It was confirmed that the projects of the government and local governments were carried out through vertical integration and that there were problems in the actual work, such as requiring specific topics, subject matter, designs and colors. As a result, the village murals 'objectify' the residents and 'romanticized' the place, resulting in a unified visual representation. Therefore, this study suggests that the administration and accounting should be strictly managed, but in actual work, the vertical integration structure should be eased by simplifying various documents and procedures, as well as rich cultural understanding of the target place, selection of various topics, and original subject matter and expressions.

• Review of Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2010

• 보존과학연구
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• s.7
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• pp.218-236
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• 1986

In the fields of the cultural properties, the Infrared TV camera is being initiated to use instead of the Infrared photo film fo a better means to detect the description of drawings of the paintings. Seeing from the effect of transillumination, the Infrared TV camera with its long wave of visible spectrum that makes less absorption by the pigments and with the reflection rays passing through the base of colour layers makes it able to findbase drawing and letters. The detection range of transillumination by the infrared rays depends on the kinds of pigments, lines of the base drawing and wave length of the infrared rays. In our country, it was the first time to detect by our Conservation Science Dep't of The Research Institute of Cultural Properties by means of using Infrared TV camera to determine the mural paintings on the Josadang, Busuk Temple, resulted in an epoch-making success, that we have come to know the painting technique methods, how to treat for its conservation and making replica, reproduction, etc.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.410-412
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• 2007

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) has been considered as a low grade tumor of adolescents and young adults. Although this tumor often shows cystic component, the hemorrhage within the cyst is extremely rare. The authors report a rare case of cystic PXA with a hemorrhage within the cyst and the mural nodule in the left frontal lobe. A 64-year-old male presented with a week history of the right side hemiparesis. After gross total resection of the tumor, the patient was fully recovered from neurological deficit. It is suggested that this typically benign tumor could be presented with hemorrhage, causing a rapid neurological deterioration. Prompt surgical intervention, especially total removal of the tumor can provide an excellent functional recovery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.5 s.95
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

The results from the consideration of this are as follows. 1. Kokuryo has been the exchange foreign relationship with the Han dynasty era, from king DaiMuSin 25 years to Bojang 27 years. 2 King of Kokuryo, from The North-Wei-dynasty has been received ceremonial costumes, first-third class of China's official rank. After unification of China, Su, Dang dynasty's envoy and missionary and many commercial men and artist come from China to Kokuryo, therefore, influenced their costume habbits and behabiers from royal families costumes and common peoples costumes, without concern of that one's social position. 3. Kokuryo King's ceremonial costumes are not the same as the China. Kokuryo performed a religious service an emperor's ceremony. And the Kokuryo King's religious mind was the Budism and Daoism. So that mural painting just showing the symbolic of the king's costumes , Myunryukwanbok.

• Proceedings of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.23-24
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2002