• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.17-29
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• 2018

In this study, it is explored whether teasing from parents and siblings about appearance of children affects body satisfaction and self-esteem of middle school students. A total of 594 adolescents participated in the survey and the causal model was tested with the data. In results, parents' and siblings' teasing was significantly correlated. Parents' and siblings' teasing significantly affected body satisfaction that showed a significant impact on self-esteem. In the mean comparison by gender, female adolescents suffered more from parents' as well as siblings' teasing on appearance than did male adolescents. Female adolescents indicated lower body satisfaction than male adolescents whereas no gender difference was found in self-esteem. In the multiple-model comparison, both the parents' and siblings' teasing about appearance affected body satisfaction of female adolescents while only siblings' teasing affected body satisfaction of male adolescents. The results indicate that female adolescents are more likely to be exposed to parents' and siblings' teasing about appearance at home than male adolescents, resulting in negative body satisfaction that is influencing self-esteem. The finding could be used as a basis for family education, calling for an attention to this issue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2010

This study focuses on testing the validity of dimensions of restaurants' menu prices. In addition, the effect of demographic variables on the perception of each price dimension was investigated. The subjects were people living in the capital region who have, at least on occasion, gone to family restaurants. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and the ANOVA t-test. The results were that consumers' perception of restaurant menu prices is not uni-dimensional, but has six dimensions: price-price schema, pricequality schema, value consciousness, low price proneness, price mavenism, sales proneness. Demographic variables partially affect the consumers' perception of each menu price dimension. The result of the t-test examining dimensions of price according to the demographic characteristic was that females have a higher sales proneness than males. The t-test result according to marriage indicated that married people were higher in price-price schema and quality proneness than unmarrieds. ANOVA according to age indicated that people between ages of 20 to 29 have a higher quality proneness than those of other ages.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.47-64
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• 2004

This study compared full-time housewives' propensity for TV home shopping addiction by different socioeconomic, psychological, and purchase-related characteristics. And it identified the factors that influenced full-time housewives' TV home shopping addiction. The data were obtained from a questionnaire completed by full-time housewives (n=225) lived in Seoul and were analyzed by t-tests, ANOVA, and a multiple regression analysis. The findings of this study were as follows: First, full-time housewives' propensity for TV home shopping addiction was higher in the relatively old aged group. Those who graduated from graduate schools had lower scores in the scale of TV shopping addiction. Also, middle income group showed higher propensity for addictive buying. Second, the propensity for TV home shopping addiction was higher among those who had low self-esteem, who had higher level of empty self Also, those who had experienced material compensations as a child showed higher propensity for addictive purchase. Third, the propensity for addictive buying in TV home shopping was higher among those who had higher propensity for materialism, who took a serious view of markers or friends. Those who abuse their credit cards were more likely to have TV home shopping addiction.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.81-93
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to examine the time use of college students, and then to investigate the relationship between the satisfaction of the time use and the self identity. The subjects were 249 students in college. It was analyzed by using frequency, mean, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range analysis. The results were as follows: 1. College students were used to employ many obligate time including studying. Their peak time was 10 a.m., 6 p.m. or 10 p.m., and their slump time was from 7 a.m. to 9, or from noon to 2 p.m.. They enjoyed on weekend, and then tired on Monday. 2. College students were satisfied with the future time use than the present. In survey of self-identity inventory, they lacked confidence in their future, but they oriented their goal and were familiar with the social network. 3. The more college students satisfied time use, the more the level of self-identity was high. This, it was suggested the program of time management for college students.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.65-79
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• 2015

This study intended to investigate exploratorily the precedent factors affecting two types of perceived balances between work and life(family/leisure) and the antecedent ones affected by them, focusing on the metro train drivers. To attain this purpose, literature survey on the precedent factors, work-life balance, and antecedent factors was performed, and the study model was designed based on this survey, and then this model was analyzed empirically using Multiple-Regression. The results on the precedent factors showed that Job Demand, Self-Efficacy, and Age have significant effects on the negative transfer of work. On the other hand, it was shown that Affiliative Culture, Self-Efficacy, and Internal Locus of Control have significant effects on the family centered balance. And the results on the antecedent factors showed that family centered balance has significant effects on Job Satisfaction, Psychological Depression and Fatigue, Safety Behavior, and accident, and the negative transfer of work has significant effects on Physical and Psychological Depression and Fatigue, Emergency Stress, and Safety Behavior.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.329-344
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify utilization of the work-family support policy (WFSP) and factors affecting retention intention among Korean female military officers. Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited 103 married female officers from the Korean Army, Navy, and Air force with preschool-aged children through convenience and snowball sampling. Via online surveys from June to November, 2018, the participants self-reported retention intention, work-family conflict, job satisfaction, and utilization of the WFSP. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. Results: Retention intention ($22.29{\pm}5.98$) was reported at the mid-level, lower than scores reported in the literature for female workers. Work-family conflict ($32.51{\pm}5.29$) and job satisfaction ($63.10{\pm}7.45$) were above the midpoint levels. Use of maternity leave (100.0%) and parental leave (92.2%) was high, especially compared to the rates of child-care day off (20.4%) and parenting time (20.4%). 'Noticeable increases in childcare services within the army' (22.8%) was reported as the supportive measure needed the most by female military officers. Job satisfaction (${\beta}=.43$, $p{\leq}.001$), the use of parenting time (${\beta}=-0.29$, p=.002), living type (${\beta}=-.18$, p=.043), and service type (${\beta}=-.16$, p=.035) significantly influenced retention intention. Conclusions: The findings highlight the priority areas of importance within the WFSP and suggest that a family-friendly culture can improve female officers' retention intention. Accordingly, policy changes at the Ministry of National Defense improving the system to enhance a family-friendly culture in the military is expected to strengthen the retention intention of female officers and contribute to excellence in the military workforce.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.68-82
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• 1998

This study attempted to develop fundamental data of nursing intervention for Women's health improvement through literature review related to women's health. Women's health problems are focused in nursing because the quality of women's health influences on public health directly and indirectly. Especially women experience more stressors and mental disorders than men. This paper reviewed rationale of mental problems to understand Women's mental problems through various research paper analysis. As a result, it was found that women's mental problems as well as the health were affected by various factors and were connected with social, cultural elements closely. This result means that women are affected by social, economical, psychological states from gender unequality in this society. So to solve the women's mental problems, women have to be considered as human beings, women, mothers with multiple roles. And like Hwabyung, one of the women's mental problems related to Korean traditional culture, nursing needs to be done to solve the problem through cultural approach. To do this, nursing has to research negative effect as well as positive effect on women's mental health by modern culture which includes "Han" and traditional family culture. The multidisplinary, interdisplinary communication is important to develop nursing intervention and nursing must build a pertinent Korean women's mental health research system to improve a sociopolitical environment.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.5_spc
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• pp.45-79
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper was to review the results of the subjective well-being(swb) studies performed by Hahn and coworkers in Korean culture. As the correlates of swb, we dealt with demographic/individual difference variables, intrapersonal variables, interpersonal process variables, and Korean cultural variables. We proposed that the components of swb were consisted of quality of life(cognitive swb) and overall happy feelings about one's own life(emotional swb). It was also assumed that a measure of total swb could be calculated by summated mean of cognitive swb and emotional swb measures. The data of the swb studies were analyzed and interpreted according to the above three measures of swb. The results of a nationwide survey(Hahn, 2004) from age of 19 to 75 years ald(n=2,230) showed significant simple correlation coefficients between the following demographic/individual difference variables and swb: Gender difference in swb was found(total swb r=.08, p<.001; life satisfaction r=.10, p<.001; overall emotional swb r=.05, p<.05). Men were happier than women in terms of all three measures of swb. It was also found that women appeared to experience greater positive and negative emotions. Correlation between age and emotional swb(r=.09, p<.001) was significant, but life satisfaction was not significant(r=.04, n.s). Correlations between economic status and swb were also significant(total swb r =.23, p<.001; life satisfaction r=.15 p<.001; overall emotional swb r=.15, p<.001l). Although existence of father was negatively related to emotional swb(r=-.05, p<.05), the existence of mother was not related to any of swb measures. Similarly existence of brothers was related positively to overall emotional swb, but existence of sisters was not. Though existence of son was not related to swb, daughter contributed negatively to swb(total swb -.12, p<.01; life satisfaction -.09, p<.05; emotional swb r=-.12, p<.01). We assumed that family member-in-Iaw also contributed to swb because the extended dose social networks were important in Korean culture. The results showed that the following family member-in-law variables were related to swb: Parents-in-law(total swb r=.11, p<.01; life satisfaction r=.10, p<.01; emotional swb r=.10, p<.01), father-in-law(total swb r=.11, p<.01; life satisfaction r=.11, p<.01; emotional swb r=.06, n.s). The result suggested that especially father-in-law contributed to swb through financial and social support. Correlations between emotional experiences in everyday life and swb were also presented. The range of correlation coefficients between the positive emotion measures and swb were r=.30~.48(p<.001) when the above two measures obtained at same time. But the range decreased to r=.19~32(p<.001) when the swb measure was obtained 9 month later longitudinally. Intercorrelations between positive emotional experience; and life satisfaction were r=.37~58(p<.001) when two measures were obtained at same time. We also examined the effects of the intrapersonal cognitive responses to the most stressful life event upon swb. The results of nationwide survey(n=1,021) showed that self-disclosure(total swb r=.09, p<.010; life satisfaction r=.10, p<.01; emotional swb r=.07, p<.01), rumination(total swb r=-.17, p<.001), thought avoidance(total swb r=.12, p<.001; life satisfaction r=-.08; emotional swb r=-.12, p<.001) and suppression(total swb r=-.13, p<.001; life satisfaction r=-.08, p<.05: emotional swb r=-.13, p<.001) contributed to swb. It was also suggested that mismatch between self-guide and regulatory focus contributed negatively to emotional swb. It was also found that social comparison motives and fulfillment of the motives contributed to swb. The results of a survey research(n=363 college students) revealed that the higher the general social comparison motive, the lower the swb(total swb r=-.15, P<.01: life satisfaction r=-.17. p<.01; emotional swb r=-.10, p<.05). It was also found that satisfaction level of self-evalution motive contributed positively to swb(total swb r=-.14. p<.01: life satisfaction r=-.12, p<.05; emotional swb r=.15, p<.001). Both of self-improvement motive(r=.13, p<.05) and satisfaction level of self-improvement motive(r=.12, p<.05) contributed positively to emotional swb, respectively. The above results suggested that swb was depended upon the interaction effect of social comparison motive; and level of fulfillment of the motives. We also reported the significant multiple predictors of swb in a sample of age from 60years to 89years olds. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the significant multiple predictors of swb were past illness(β=.174, p<.001), economic status(β=.418, p<.001), marital satisfaction(β=.0841, p<.001), satisfaction of offsprins(β=.065, p<.01), expectation level of social support from offsprings(β=-.049, p<.001), and negative emotions(β=-.454. p<.001) among 16 social psychological factors. It was also found that swb was an important multiple predictors of physical health. This finding was replicated in a longitudinal study. Both of positive and negative emotional experiences were significant multiple predictors of physical health one year later. The results of the discriminant analysis showed both of total swb and positive emotional experiences contributed to discriminate the happy and healthy olds from unhappy and unhealthy olds. We paper also examined the effects of the nonnative social behaviors upon swb in Korean culture. The main hypotheses of the study(Hahn, 2006, in press) was that the important nonnative behaviors would influence on swb through both of the mediation processes of adjustment to social relationships and psychological stress. The survey data were collected from 2,129 adults age of 19 to 75, from 7 regional areas in Korea. The results of the study revealed that almost all of correlation coefficients between 15 normative social behaviors and the above three criteria w-ere significant. The fitness test results of the covariance structural equation model showed that all of the fitness indices were satisfactory (GFI=.974, AGFI=.909, NNFI=.922, NFI=.973, CFI=.974. RMR=.049, RMSEA=.073). The results of the analysis revealed that the following five path coeffi6ents from behaviors to social adjustment were significant; behavior tor family and family members(t=5.87, p<.001), courteous behavior(t=4.39, p<.001), faithful behavior (t=2.15. p<.05). collectivistic behavior(t=8.31, p<.001). Seven path coefficients from the normative behaviors to psychological stress were significant; behavior for family and family members (t=-4.63, p<.001), faithful behavior(t=-3.86, p<.001). suppression of emotional expression(t=3.99, p<.001), trustworthy and dependable behavior(t=-2.21, p<.05), collectivistic behavior(t=3.72, p<.001), effortful and diligent behavior(t=2.94, p<.001), husbandry and saving behavior(t=3.40, p<.001). The above results suggested that four normative behaviors among seven behaviors contributed negatively to psychological stress in current Korean society. The results abo confirmed the hypothesized paths from social adjustment (t=10.40, p<.001) to swb and from psychological stress(t=-19.74, p<.001) to swb. The important results of the study were discussed in terms of the Confucian traditions and recent social changes in Korean culture. Finally limitations of this review paper were discussed and the suggestions for the future study were also proposed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.639-651
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined relationships among stress, stress coping strategies, and somatization in mothers-in-law from multi-cultural families in a rural area. Methods: Elderly mothers-in-law (n=227) living with foreign daughters-in-law completed a self-reporting questionnaire. Data were collected from April to August 2009. Questions related to stress (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), coping strategies (Coping Strategy Scale) for stress, and somatization (Symptom Check List 90, Revised). SPSS/WIN 12.0 program was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses. Results: Subjects had a moderate level of stress (5.03). There were significant differences in stress level according to age, educational level, religion, chronic disease, health status, number of children, agreement of an international marriage of her sons, satisfaction in living with a foreign daughter-in-law, and family conflict. Stress showed a significant positive correlation with offensive coping strategy, passive strategy, and somatization. Stress, offensive coping strategy, and passive coping strategy affected the level of somatization. Conclusion: In a family situation involving co-habitation of mother- and foreign daughter-in-law, increased stress experienced by the mother-in-law can lead to increased offensive and passive coping strategies, and increased somatization. More effective means of stress reduction are needed for mothers-in-law from multi-cultural families.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.3 s.217
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• pp.79-89
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences of aggression and its predictors among Korean, Korean-Chinese and Chinese adolescents. The subjects were 529(176 Korean, 168 Korean-Chinese, 185 Chinese) 9th graders from Yanji in China and Korea. Data on aggression, self-concept, attachment to mother, relationship with teachers, and victimization from peers were collected with questionnaires and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression. The results showed that Korean adolescents reported the highest and Chinese adolescents the lowest on aggression. There were gender differences in proactive aggression among Chinese adolescents, and on reactive aggression among Korean adolescents. Among Korean adolescents, no gender difference was revealed. The influences of self-concept, attachment to mother, relationship with teachers, and victimization from peers differed among the groups: While attachment to mother was a significant predictor for Chinese adolescents' aggression, relationship with teachers was a significant predictor for that of Korean-Chinese adolescents', and victimization from peer was a significant predictor for that of Korean adolescents'. The differential influence of race and culture to adolescents' aggression was discussed.