• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 1997

Background: Epidural neural blockade with local anesthetics combined with steroids has been in clinical trials for patients with low back pain. But pain treatment of low back pain remains somewhat problematic. Many patients with low back pain have epidural fibrosis and adhesions proved with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) examination. These findings might play an important role in the origin of back pain. Present study was aims to investigate the effect of epidural adhesiolysis in patients with low back pain. Methods: We investigated 76 patients suspected with epidural fibrosis and adhesion was suspected. Nerve pathology was demonstrated and epidural fibrosis suspected or proved with MRI examination. 17G needle specially designed by Racz was inserted at sacral hiatus and catheter was inserted untill its tip was located at lesion site under fluoroscopic guidance. Injection of contrast dye was achieved and prospected spread of agents. Injection of 0.25% bupivacaine, triamcinolone, and 10% hypertonic saline via catheter were carried out daily for 3 days. Evaluation included assessment of pain relief (Numerical Rating Scale; NRS) post-epidural adhesiolysis 3 days, 1 week, and 3 months. We also looked for complication of epidural adhesiolysis. Results: Statistical analysis(Friedman nonparametric repeated measures test and Dune's multiple comparison test) demonstrated NRS was significantly less during 3 months after epidural adhesiolysis(P<0.05). Especially, there is a extremely significance in post-epidural adhesiolysis 3 days (P<0.001). Only four patients reported any complications the most common symptom among three persistent headache but disappeared after a few months without residual sequelae. Conclusion: We conclude epidural adhesiolysis is a safe and effective method of pain therapy for low back pain with proven lumbo-sacral fibrosis and adhesion. A direct visualization by epiduroscopy may be more useful to the resulting functional changes after epidural adhesiolysis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.341-355
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• 1999

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of oral cancer and odontogenic myxoma is relatively uncommon benign tumor of mesenchymal origin. There are, to our knowledge, no prior reports of simultaneously occurring squamous cell carcinoma and odontogenic myxoma of the jaw bones. In this case, at first, the plain films and computed tomograms revealed a large expansile multilocular radiolucent lesion on left mandible and marked expansion of cortical plate. In addition this radiograms revealed also infiltrative bony destruction of anterior and medial border of ascending ramus of left mandible and alveolar bone of left maxilla, floating teeth on left lower molar area and metastatic enlargement of left submandibular, jugular digastric and spinal accessory lymphnodes. Magnetic resonance imaging of this patient revealed infiltrative growth of tumor on alveolar bone of left maxilla, left retromolar fat pad. left masseter and left medial pterygoid muscle. Intraoral presurgical biopsy presented typical features of squamous cell carcinoma. After chemotherapy with radiation therapy during 6 months. this central lesion was diagnosed as odontogenic myxoma by the postsurgical biopsy. After 3 months, this patient presented multiple metastatic signs at lumbar spines, rib and liver. Consequently, our case is simultaneous occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma and odontogenic myxoma.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.258-261
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• 2000

Highly (h00)-oriented (Ba, Sr)TiO$_3$(BST) thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on the perovskite LaNiO$_3$(LNO) metallic oxide layer as a bottom electrode. The LNO films were deposited on SiO$_2$/Si substrates by rf-magnetron sputtering method. The crystalline phases of the BST film were characterized by x-ray $\theta$-2$\theta$, $\omega$-rocking curve and $\psi$-scan diffraction measurements. The surface microsturcture observed by scanning electron microscopy was very dense and smooth. The low-frequency dielectric responses of the BST films grown at various substrate temperatures were measured as a function of frequency in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz. The BST films have the dielectric constant of 265 at 1 kHz and showed multiple dielectric relaxation at the low frequency region. The origin of these low-frequency dielectric relaxation are attributed to the ionized space charge carriers such as the oxygen vacancies and defects in BST film, the interfacial polarization in the grain boundary region and the electrode polarization. We studied also on the capacitance-voltage characteristics of BST films.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.20-33
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• 2001

A major portion of drugs used in Ayurvedic system of medicine which has been practiced since the early human civilization in Indian subcontinent were of plant origin. It should be noted that 70% of the population in this region depends on Ayurveda for their medical treatment and 60% of the drug resources are obtained from the Himalayan region. Therefore, Nepal becomes a potential source of plant drug resource since it occupies a major portion of the Himalaya. In the present paper, in general a current status of medicinal plant resources of Himalayan region especially Nepal will be discussed. In addition to this, a typical example of antidiabetic activity of Shilajit will be taken for the discussion. Shilajit is one of the crucial elements in several formulations including those of Rasayana, a therapy in Ayurveda, which has been practiced in the prevention of ageing and mental disorder. Although, Shilaiit is widely used for the treatment of diabetes, no satisfactory scientific reports are available up to now. The crude Shilajit in the market is a dark brown or black rock-like substance collected from the Himalayan region with a strong smell of cow's stale urine. In our studies, Shilajit (collected in the central Himalayan region) prevented the diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice model. Shilajit also prevented the diabetes in the rats against the action of multiple low-dose (10 ㎎/㎏, i.v., 5 times) of streptozotocin. On the other hand, Shilajit did not show antioxidative activity. The preventive action of Shilajit on diabetes is mainly focused on the Th1 and Th2 cell activities, since Th2 cells activity was found to be significantly upregulated. Shilajit, however, showed a mild action in controlling the blood sugar level in young, old, and mild diabetic rats, but not in the severe diabetic rats. It also stimulated the nitric oxide production in macrophages. Based on these evidences, the antidiabetic activities of Shilajit appear to be immunomodulative probably by protecting or strengthening insulin-producing b-cells In the pancreas. further systematic research on constituents of Shilajit and its quality evaluation is necessary to enable the use of natural medicines in the treatment of diabetes.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.82-96
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• 2020

The Demand Responsive Transit (DRT) system is the flexible public transport service that determines the route and schedule of the service vehicles according to users' requests. With increasing importance of public transport systems in urban areas, the development of stable and fast routing algorithms for DRT has become the goal of many researches over the past decades. In this study, a new heuristic method is proposed to generate fast and efficient routes for multiple vehicles using demand clustering and destination demand priority searching method considering the imbalance of users' origin and destination demands. The proposed algorithm is tested in various demand distribution scenarios including random, concentration and directed cases. The result shows that the proposed method reduce the drop of service ratio due to an increase in demand density and save computation time compared to other algorithms. In addition, compared to other clustering-based algorithms, the walking cost of the passengers is significantly reduced, but the detour time and in-vehicle travel time of the passenger is increased due to the detour burden.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.160-168
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• 1992

Ameloblastoma is an aggressive but benign epithelial neoplasm of odontogenic origin, and the occurrence of odontogenic epithelium in the wall of a dentigerous cyst is well-known entity. The presence of ameloblastic proliferation in the walls of odontogenic cysts has been reported for many years. Cahn in 1933 described a case in which he considered an ameloblastoma to have originated in a dentigerous cyst, and numerous other cases of ameloblastomatous proliferation have since been reported. In 1977, Robinson and Martinez described a distinct variant of ameloblastoma in which the response to curettage was found to be favorable with a recurrence rate of 25%. The gross and microscopic features indicated that this variant vas associated with a large cystic cavity with either luminal or mural proliferation of ameloblastic tumor cells, and they referred to this variant as unicystic ameloblastoma. Unicystic ameloblastoma occurs most commonly in the second and third decades of life, which is considerably younger than the average age of discovery for the classical ameloblastoma. For the accurate histopathological diagnosis of the unicystic ameloblastoma, the specimen obtained the excisional biopsy, complete enucleation or incisional biopsy from the multiple site of the lesion. This article provides histopathologic evidence of multilocular unicystic ameloblastoma in which ameloblastic tissue was associated with a dentigerous cyst that was found in a 31-year-old female, and complete radiographic, photographic, and microscopic documentation is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.348-352
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• 2002

Ameloblastoma of the maxilla is an unusual epithelial tumor of odontogenic origin. According to many authors and reports, ameloblastoma account for approximately 1% of all tumors of the jaws, but when pseudotumors and cysts are excluded, the ratio rises to 11%. Of these tumors,80% originate in the mandible, while 20% originate in the maxilla. Although it is considered benign histopathologically, it can behave in a slowly growing infiltrative fashion, with multiple recurrences and eventual intracranial, or even distant, spread. We clinically analyzed common site in maxilla, radiographic findings, recurrence rate, duration between treatment and recurrence, the presence and site of distant metastasis in 15 patients who were diagnosed as ameloblastoma of the maxilla and took treatments from 1985 to 1999 in Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Hospital, Seoul National University. In this paper, treatment outcomes and our clinical experiences of maxillary ameloblastoma are reported with review of literatures.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 2017

Background: Red-skin root disease has seriously decreased the quality and production of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Methods: To explore the disease's origin, comparative analysis was performed in different parts of the plant, particularly the epidermis, cortex, and/or fibrous roots of 5-yr-old healthy and diseased red-skin ginseng. The inorganic element composition, phenolic compound concentration, reactive oxidation system, antioxidant concentrations such as ascorbate and glutathione, activities of enzymes related to phenolic metabolism and oxidation, and antioxidative system particularly the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were examined using conventional methods. Results: Aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium, and phosphorus were increased, whereas manganese was unchanged and calcium was decreased in the epidermis and fibrous root of red-skin ginseng, which also contained higher levels of phenolic compounds, higher activities of the phenolic compound-synthesizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the phenolic compound oxidation-related enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. As the substrate of guaiacol peroxidase, higher levels of $H_2O_2$ and correspondingly higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were found in red-skin ginseng. Increased levels of ascorbate and glutathione; increased activities of $\text\tiny L$-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione reductase; and lower activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were found in red-skin ginseng. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained constant. Conclusion: Hence, higher element accumulation, particularly Al and Fe, activated multiple enzymes related to accumulation of phenolic compounds and their oxidation. This might contribute to red-skin symptoms in ginseng. It is proposed that antioxidant and antioxidative enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycles, are activated to protect against phenolic compound oxidation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2010

Septic pulmonary embolism is the process in which an infected thrombus becomes detached from its site of origin and lodges in a pulmonary artery, and is usually associated with infective endocarditis, especially right-sided, or infection-associated with indwelling catheters, peripheral septic thrombophlebitis, and periodontal diseases, etc. Here, we report a case of septic pulmonary embolism associated with tricuspid valve infective endocarditis. A 23-year-old female was admitted to our hospital, due to fever, sore throat, and myalgia. In her past medical history, she had undergone a surgical operation for closure of a ventricular septal defect, but was informed that the operation resulted in an incomplete closure. The initial chest radiograph demonstrated multiple rounded, parenchymal nodules in various sizes; several nodules had central lucency suggesting cavitations. Echocardiography demonstrated a large vegetation attached to the septal tricuspid valve leaflet, extending from right ventricular inflow tract to outflow tract. Computed tomography of thorax revealed bilateral peripheral nodules and wedge-shaped consolidation at various sizes, mostly accompanied by cavitations.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.19C no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

Sharing cross-site resources has been adopted by many recent websites in the forms of service-mashup and social network services. In this change, exploitation of the new vulnerabilities increases, which includes inserting malicious codes into the interaction points between clients and services instead of attacking the websites directly. In this paper, we present a system model to identify malicious script codes in the web contents by means of a remote verification while the web contents downloaded from multiple trusted origins are executed in a client's browser space. Our system classifies verification items according to the origin of request based on the information on the service code implementation and stores the verification results into three databases composed of white, gray, and black lists. Through the experimental evaluations, we have confirmed that our system provides clients with increased security by effectively detecting malicious scripts in the mashup web environment.