• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.2 s.39
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• pp.217-223
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• 2007

The purpose of this article is to depict the relationship between the frames of leadership and the dependent variables such as job satisfaction, respect from subordinates, promotion, and effective attainment of unit objectives. To attain this purpose, four types of multiple leadership frame, such as structural, human resources, political, and symbolic frames were surveyed through questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS. The major findings are : 1) In general, the symbolic frame is an important factor having a stronger influence on job satisfaction, respect from subordinates, promotion, and effective attainment of unit objectives. 2) In details, the human resources frame shows a positive effects on job satisfaction and respect; the structural frame on effective attainment of unit objectives; the political frame, to a certain degree, on promotion; and the symbolic frame, especially on respect from subordinates, promotion, and effective attainment of unit objectives.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.342-352
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• 2008

Picasso and Chanel were the most famous artists of modern art & fashion area in 20th century. It is well known that they have deeply influenced to the current fashion and art. This study is aimed to analyze Channel's works based on the aspects of Picasso's from 1900's to 1930's. There are five common, distinct and formative aspects - flatness, geometry, transparency based on multi-perspective, volume, variety of objects. Their works are based on the simplicity which is expressed by the analyzation, organization, deconstruction influenced by cubism. It is reconfirmed that they gave the general public the new value-functionality-by using the ready-made materials. Nowadays artists model themselves after Picasso and Chanel who made attempt to conversion of ideas, the steady style, the long view, the interchange of other fields and popularization.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.147-156
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• 2005

In developing the ubiquitous computing technology based services (ubiquitous services), evaluating how much value of those services is created or added is very crucial. The efforts to evaluate the ubiquitous services have been progressed in two perspectives - technical perspective and behavioral perspective. Despite its importance, however, the methodologies which integrate both perspectives have been still very rare. Hence, this paper aims perspectives have been still very rare. Hence, this paper aims to propose an integrated ubiquitous service valuation methodology based on the multi-layered approach including technical and behavioral perspectives. To do so, we conducted a case study with currently existing location based service (LBS) such as navigation systems by conducting focus group interview (FGI) and field survey.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1004-1012
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• 2021

The collaboration productively interacting between multi-agents has become an emerging issue in real-world applications. In reinforcement learning, multi-agent environments present challenges beyond tractable issues in single-agent settings. This collaborative environment has the following highly complex attributes: sparse rewards for task completion, limited communications between each other, and only partial observations. In particular, adjustments in an agent's action policy result in a nonstationary environment from the other agent's perspective, which causes high variance in the learned policies and prevents the direct use of reinforcement learning approaches. Unexpected social loafing caused by high dispersion makes it difficult for all agents to succeed in collaborative tasks. Therefore, we address a paradox caused by the social loafing to significantly reduce total returns after a certain timestep of multi-agent reinforcement learning. We further demonstrate that the collaborative paradox in multi-agent environments can be avoided by our proposed effective early stop method leveraging a metric for social loafing.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.513-520
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• 2014

Since the beginning of history, men have done mimesis and produced illusion and succeeded art and culture instinctually. The subject which mention above included the object which can order and space around that. Perspective which began the Renaissance age was dominant way about understanding space in western history and it made modern visual system. Direction way of space which based perspective is changed as horizontal data included multi-layer structure in digital media age. This character make us possible to represent the space more efficiently. So we must have pay attention the direction way of space based on digital media, because it has meaning to show human value beyond a methodology of visual art culture.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.217-221
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• 2009

With the increase in individual income and leisure time, those urban residents who want to stay in farmland on weekend are being increased. On the contrary, rural economic situation is getting worse due to the lack of labor and income. For this, as a win-win strategy between urban and rural life, a Kleingarten(below 'KG') has been attracted by local government such as Kyunggi prefecture in Korea. This article exam the situation of KG, a weekend farm where one can stay the night in a log cabin, from the perspective of Multi-habitation. For this purpose, this study surveyed four KG areas; two cases at Yangpyung and Yeonchoen in Korea, the rest are at Kasama and Yachiyo in Japan. The findings are as following. First, a standard regulation for the application and management of users in KG should be established as soon as possible. Second, the exchange between users in KG and local residents around KG should be activated in terms of well organized exchange program. Third, a sufficient budget by public sectors or an economic scheme where private sectors can participate in this program should be arranged. Lastly, a use of post occupancy should be well managed by user themselves in KG and well monitored by supervisor of KG simultaneously.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.40-58
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• 2023

Several offshore wind power conflicts occur due to the problems in which the site selection process led by private operators is improperly managed. To review the institutional improvement measures that solve this problem, domestic and foreign institutions and operational cases were comparatively analyzed, focusing on key actors from the multi-level governance perspective. First, the status of the site selection process in the Republic of Korea, major issues in stakeholder conflicts, and discussions on the planned site system-related laws (draft) were reviewed. Next, the site selection process and relevant cases in Germany, the Netherlands, and Japan were analyzed. In all these countries, site selection is done by the central government. In Germany and the Netherlands, maritime-related ministries establish overall offshore wind power site plans and conduct strategic environmental assessments for these plans. Futhermore, in the process of determining each individual site, extensive site investigation including environmental assessments are conducted. This aspect needs to be supplemented in the discussion on the direction of institutional improvement in the Republic of Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2003

The term sustainable development is being used widely since WCED suggested it in 1987. This paper aims at catching up its sociological implications. For doing this, the paper examined some major existing researches on sustainable development. It was found that sustainable development has been defined as an economic development with the preservation of nature as an environment of human life. In this sense, the existing concept of sustainable development is an economic perspective. Sustainable development as an economic perspective is faced with some limitations and/or problems. They are summarized as follows. The human-made environment is excluded from the concept of sustainable development. Its ideology is anthroponcentric in that the sustainability of nature is a necessary condition for economic development. The objective reference which can measure whether the current state of nature is sustainable or not is not proposed. Consequently, sustainable development results in merely a survivability of economy, a new form of economic utility and/or a successful economy. In terms of sociological perspective, economy and nature can not be sustainable without other social factors being sustainable, because all social factors including economy and nature exist in a causal mechanism. This means that sustainable development should be approached from a multi-dimensional perspective. The multi-dimensional approach can be a framework of sustainable development in terms of whole society, then can be termed sustainable society which implies not a sustainable development, but a societal development. The factors which should be included in the sustainable society are, at least, nature, economy, population as an aggregate, mode of living existence of people as a cultural actor, technology, and social structure.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.136-148
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• 2015

The purpose of this thesis is to study multi-view fashion design with an analysis of multi-view art's formation and philosophical perspective. The production of unique artwork is dependent on how we see, think and represent what is around us. Multi-view art has great potential as a concept related to the continuity of time and space, it is not limited to space and time but it extends to infinitely, according to the artist's will and imagination. The study of time and space has been used as principles for deriving the formative of multi-view art, and the principles applied for analyzing multi-view fashion design. And the formation of multi-view art is reflected in fashion design. Simultaneity, deconstructivity, continuity and virtuality in terms of multi-view art are support the formation of multi-view fashion design, such as fabrication, expandability, concealment and transparency. As such, it is important to study multi-view fashion design as a creative design method with immense potential for further development.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.85-101
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• 2009

The Multi-cultural Family Support Center provides various educational programs and services for multi-cultural families. However, there are controversies regarding integration and assimilation, ethnic identity and ethnocentrism, and state-sponsored multi-culturalism. From the home economist's perspective, it was necessary to explore the direction of integration of family life culture in the multi-cultural society. This study concluded that there is a necessity to accept foreign culture and create a new culture while still maintaining their and our own cultural identity respectively. For this purpose, integration and assimilation must progress side by side to maintain the cultural identity and stability of multi-cultural families. But, women migrants are to adapt in their everyday life, they need to attend a Korean-language course and take part in a traditional Korean culture program such as having an assimilational characteristics. Also for the happiness of multi-cultural families ultimately not for the confronted problems, it requires sometimes education of changing migrants' own traditional customs and life culture partly. In this sense, educational and cultural programs held by Multi-Cultural Family Support Center are meaningful and their importance in adapting into everyday life must be recognised by all of us.