• Title/Summary/Keyword: multi-functionality

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A Design of Memory-efficient 2k/8k FFT/IFFT Processor using R4SDF/R4SDC Hybrid Structure (R4SDF/R4SDC Hybrid 구조를 이용한 메모리 효율적인 2k/8k FFT/IFFT 프로세서 설계)

  • 신경욱
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.430-439
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    • 2004
  • This paper describes a design of 8192/2048-point FFT/IFFT processor (CFFT8k2k), which performs multi-carrier modulation/demodulation in OFDM-based DVB-T receiver. Since a large size FFT requires a large buffer memory, two design techniques are considered to achieve memory-efficient implementation of 8192-point FFT/IFFT. A hybrid structure, which is composed of radix-4 single-path delay feedback (R4SDF) and radix-4 single-path delay commutator (R4SDC), reduces its memory by 20% compared to R4SDC structure. In addition, a memory reduction of about 24% is achieved by a novel two-step convergent block floating-point scaling. As a result, it requires only 57% of memory used in conventional design, reducing chip area and power consumption. The CFFT8k2k core is designed in Verilog-HDL, and has about 102,000 Bates, RAM of 292k bits, and ROM of 39k bits. Using gate-level netlist with SDF which is synthesized using a $0.25-{\um}m$ CMOS library, timing simulation show that it can safely operate with 50-MHz clock at 2.5-V supply, resulting that a 8192-point FFT/IFFT can be computed every 164-${\mu}\textrm{s}$. The functionality of the core is fully verified by FPGA implementation, and the average SQNR of 60-㏈ is achieved.

A Technique to Specify and Generate .NET Components in MDA/PSM for Pervasive Service (MDA/PSM상에서 퍼베이시브 서비스를 지원하는 닷넷 컴포넌트의 명세 및 생성 기법)

  • Kum, Deuk-Kyu;Kim, Soo-Dong
    • Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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    • v.34 no.7
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    • pp.635-645
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    • 2007
  • Component technology has been widely accepted as an effective way for building software systems with reusable components, and Microsoft (MS) .NET is one of the recent representative component technologies. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is a new development paradigm which generates software by transforming design models automatically and incrementally. Transformation of structural models in MDA has been successfully applied. However, transformation of dynamic models and pervasive services, such as transaction service, security service, synchronization service and object pooling are largely remains as an area for further research. The recent enterprise system has multi tier distributed architecture, and the functionality of early mentioned pervasive services is essential for this architecture. .NET platform can implement Component Object Model+ (COM+) component for supporting pervasive services by specify Attribute code. In this paper, we specify the functionalities of the COM+ component offering pervasive services, and then those functionalities are defined by UML profile. By using the profile, the Platform Specific Model (PSM) for .NET/C# is specified, and .NET components are automatically generated through our tool. The development productivity, extensibility, portability, and maintenance of software can be dramatically improved by using of the proposed methods.

Conceptual Design of Networking Node with Real-time Monitoring for QoS Coordination of Tactical-Mesh Traffic (전술메쉬 트래픽 QoS 조율을 위한 네트워킹 노드의 개념 설계 및 실시간 모니터링)

  • Shin, Jun-Sik;Kang, Moonjoong;Park, Juman;Kwon, Daehoon;Kim, JongWon
    • Smart Media Journal
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.29-38
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    • 2019
  • With the advancement of information and communication technology, tactical networks are continuously being converted to All-IP future tactical networks that integrate all application services based on Internet protocol. Futuristic tactical mesh network is built with tactical WAN (wide area network) nodes that are inter-connected by a mesh structure. In order to guarantee QoS (quality of service) of application services, tactical service mesh (TSM) is suggested as an intermediate layer between infrastructure and application layers for futuristic tactical mesh network. The tactical service mesh requires dynamic QoS monitoring and control for intelligent QoS coordination. However, legacy networking nodes used for existing tactical networks are difficult to support these functionality due to inflexible monitoring support. In order to resolve such matter, we propose a tactical mesh WAN node as a hardware/software co-designed networking node in this paper. The tactical mesh WAN node is conceptually designed to have multi-access networking interfaces and virtualized networking switches by leveraging the DANOS whitebox server/switch. In addition, we explain how to apply eBPF-based traffic monitoring to the tactical mesh WAN node and verify the traffic monitoring feasibility for supporting QoS coordination of tactical-mesh traffic.

A Study of Performance Analysis on Effective Multiple Buffering and Packetizing Method of Multimedia Data for User-Demand Oriented RTSP Based Transmissions Between the PoC Box and a Terminal (PoC Box 단말의 RTSP 운용을 위한 사용자 요구 중심의 효율적인 다중 수신 버퍼링 기법 및 패킷화 방법에 대한 성능 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Bang, Ji-Woong;Kim, Dae-Won
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.54-75
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    • 2011
  • PoC(Push-to-talk Over Cellular) is an integrated technology of group voice calls, video calls and internet based multimedia services. If a PoC user can not participate in the PoC session for various reasons such as an emergency situation, lack of battery capacity, then the user can use the PoC Box which has a similar functionality to the MM Box in the MMS(Multimedia Messaging Service). The RTSP(Real-Time Streaming Protocol) method is recommended to be used when there is a transmission session between the PoC box and a terminal. Since the existing VOD service uses a wired network, the packet size of RTSP-based VOD service is huge, however, the PoC service has wireless communication environments which have general characteristics to be used in RTSP method. Packet loss in a wired communication environments is relatively less than that in wireless communication environment, therefore, a buffering latency occurs in PoC service due to a play-out delay which means an asynchronous play of audio & video contents. Those problems make a user to be difficult to find the information they want when the media contents are played-out. In this paper, the following techniques and methods were proposed and their performance and superiority were verified through testing: cross-over dual reception buffering technique, advance partition multi-reception buffering technique, and on-demand multi-reception buffering technique, which are designed for effective picking up of information in media content being transmitted in short amount of time using RTSP when a user searches for media, as well as for reduction in playback delay; and same-priority packetization transmission method and priority-based packetization transmission method, which are media data packetization methods for transmission. From the simulation of functional evaluation, we could find that the proposed multiple receiving buffering and packetizing methods are superior, with respect to the media retrieval inclination, to the existing single receiving buffering method by 6-9 points from the viewpoint of effectiveness and excellence. Among them, especially, on-demand multiple receiving buffering technology with same-priority packetization transmission method is able to manage the media search inclination promptly to the requests of users by showing superiority of 3-24 points above compared to other combination methods. In addition, users could find the information they want much quickly since large amount of informations are received in a focused media retrieval period within a short time.

Sociocultural Factors Leading to Creative Thinking and Idea Generation (창의적 사고와 아이디어 생성에 영향을 미치는 사회문화요인들에 대한 탐색)

  • Lee, Seon-Young;Kim, Jeong-A
    • (The) Korean Journal of Educational Psychology
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.767-794
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    • 2017
  • Creativity is a social byproduct formed in a specific sociocultural context. Although creativity differs according to the level of culture ranging from supranational, national, professional to organizational levels, research studies documented in literature have mainly dealt with creativity in the (super)national level. For example, differences in personal creativity in the East and the West led by collectivism and individualism, respectively have been dominating in the studies about cultural differences in creativity. Consequently, the domain specificity of creativity and the effects of a more micro level of culture, such as domains, occupations, and organizations, on creative outcomes have been dismissed. Understanding the characteristics of domains, and sociocultural and environmental factors leading to creative products is worth investigating considering that the conception of creativity today highly relies on the nature of domains valued in a certain sociocultural environment. This study reviewed a wide range of literature regarding creativity and sociocultural and environmental factors in order to explore how culture and/or cultural factors inspired creative thinking and generating ideas for creative performance and products. Cultural factors were identified either as a value or a practice (custom) and examined on the supernational, national, professional, and organizational levels. For supernational and national cultures, issues on individualism, collectivism, artistic social atmosphere, and multi-cultural experiences were discussed, while the professional and organizational cultures delved topics on the domain of architecture in which both originality and functionality are greatly valued for creativity. The authors concluded that the impact of culture on creative thinking and idea generation varied according to the levels of culture although issues on multifactorial aspects of culture, differences between personal and collective creativity, and the identification of culture either as a value or a practice (custom) should be discussed further for future studies.

Administration of Yijung-tang, Pyeongwi-san, and Shihosogan-tang for Standardization of Korean Medicine Pattern Identification for Functional Dyspepsia: A Study Protocol of a Randomized, Assessor-blind, 3-Arm, Parallel, Open-label, Multicenter Clinical Trial (기능성 소화불량 한의 변증 표준화를 위한 이중탕, 평위산 및 시호소간탕 투여 : 무작위 배정, 평가자 눈가림, 3군 비교, 평행 설계, 공개, 다기관 임상시험 프로토콜)

  • Boram Lee;Min-Jin Cho;Young-Eun Choi;Ojin Kwon;Mi Young Lim;Seok-Jae Ko;So-yeon Kim;Yongjoo Kim;Donghyun Nam;Dong-Jun Choi;Jun-Hwan Lee;Jae-Woo Park;Hojun Kim
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.1105-1121
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    • 2022
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness and safety of frequently used clinical herbal medicines (Yijung-tang [Lizhong-tang, LJT], Pyeongwi-san [Pingwei-san, PWS], and Shihosogan-tang [Chaihu Shugan-tang, SST]) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) when administered according to herbal medicine and Korean medicine pattern identification. The results of this study will be used to standardize the diagnostic instrument used in Korean medicine and to investigate biomarkers of Korean medicine pattern identification. Methods: This study will be a randomized, assessor-blind, 3-arm, parallel, open-label, multi-center clinical trial. A total of 300 FD participants will be recruited from 3 Korean medical hospitals and assigned to the LJT (n=100), PWS (n=100), and SST (n=100) groups according to FD pattern identification. The patients will take the medication for 8 weeks, 3 times a day, before or between meals. The primary outcome will be total dyspepsia symptom (TDS) and the secondary outcomes will be adequate relief (AR) for dyspepsia, overall treatment effect (OTE), visual analogue scale (VAS), functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (FD-QoL), gastrointestinal symptom score (GIS), and pattern identification questionnaires. For the exploratory outcomes, we will analyze blood and fecal metabolome profiles, microbiota from fecal and saliva samples, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and results of Korean medicine diagnosis device measurements (heart rate variability, and tongue, pulse, and abdominal diagnosis). Conclusions: The results of this study will prove objectivity for Korean medicine pattern identifications, and the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines for the population with FD.

Shopping Value, Shopping Goal and WOM - Focused on Electronic-goods Buyers (쇼핑 가치 추구 성향에 따른 쇼핑 목표와 공유 의도 차이에 관한 연구 - 전자제품 구매고객을 중심으로)

  • Park, Kyoung-Won;Park, Ju-Young
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.68-79
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    • 2009
  • The interplay between hedonic and utilitarian attributes has assumed special significance in recent years; it has been proposed that consumption offerings should be viewed as experiences that stimulate both cognitions and feelings rather than as mere products or services. This research builds on previous work on hedonic versus utilitarian benefits, regulatory focus theory, customer satisfaction to address two question: (1) Is the shopping goal at the point of purchase different from the shopping value? and (2) Is the customer loyalty after the use different from the shopping value and shopping goal? We surveyed 345 peoples those who have bought the electronic-goods within 6 months. This research dealt with the shopping value which is consisted of 2 types, hedonic and utilitarian. Those who pursue the hedonic shopping value may prefer the pleasure of purchasing experience to the product itself. They tend to prefer atmosphere, arousal of the shopping experience. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "hedonic" to refer to their aesthetic, experiential and enjoyment-related value. On the contrary, Those who pursue the utilitarian shopping value may prefer the reasonable buying. It may be more functional. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "utilitarian" to refer to the functional, instrumental, and practical value of consumption offerings. Holbrook(1999) notes that consumer value is an experience that results from the consumption of such benefits. In the context of cell phones for example, the phone's battery life and sound volume are utilitarian benefits, whereas aesthetic appeal from its shape and color are hedonic benefits. Likewise, in the case of a car, fuel economics and safety are utilitarian benefits whereas the sunroof and the luxurious interior are hedonic benefits. The shopping goals are consisted of the promotion focus goal and the prevention focus goal, based on the self-regulatory focus theory. The promotion focus is characterized into focusing ideal self because they are oriented to wishes and vision. The promotion focused individuals are tend to be more risk taking. They are more sensitive to hope and achievement. On the contrary, the prevention focused individuals are characterized into focusing the responsibilities because they are oriented to safety. The prevention focused individuals are tend to be more risk avoiding. We wanted to test the relation among the shopping value, shopping goal and customer loyalty. Customers show the positive or negative feelings comparing with the expectation level which customers have at the point of the purchase. If the result were bigger than the expectation, customers may feel positive feeling such as delight or satisfaction and they would want to share their feelings with other people. And they want to buy those products again in the future time. There is converging evidence that the types of goals consumers expect to be fulfilled by the utilitarian dimension of a product are different from those they seek from the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004). Specifically, whereas consumers expect the fulfillment of product prevention goals on the utilitarian dimension, they expect the fulfillment of promotion goals on the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan, and Majahan 2007; Higgins 1997, 2001) According to the regulatory focus theory, prevention goals are those that ought to be met. Fulfillment of prevention goals in the context of product consumption eliminates or significantly reduces the probability of a painful experience, thus making consumers experience emotions that result from fulfillment of prevention goals such as confidence and securities. On the contrary, fulfillment of promotion goals are those that a person aspires to meet, such as "looking cool" or "being sophisticated." Fulfillment of promotion goals in the context of product consumption significantly increases the probability of a pleasurable experience, thus enabling consumers to experience emotions that result from the fulfillment of promotion goals. The proposed conceptual framework captures that the relationships among hedonic versus utilitarian shopping values and promotion versus prevention shopping goals respectively. An analysis of the consequence of the fulfillment and frustration of utilitarian and hedonic value is theoretically worthwhile. It is also substantively relevant because it helps predict post-consumption behavior such as the promotion versus prevention shopping goals orientation. Because our primary goal is to understand how the post consumption feelings influence the variable customer loyalty: word of mouth (Jacoby and Chestnut 1978). This research result is that the utilitarian shopping value gives the positive influence to both of the promotion and prevention goal. However the influence to the prevention goal is stronger. On the contrary, hedonic shopping value gives influence to the promotion focus goal only. Additionally, both of the promotion and prevention goal show the positive relation with customer loyalty. However, the positive relation with promotion goal and customer loyalty is much stronger. The promotion focus goal gives the influence to the customer loyalty. On the contrary, the prevention focus goal relates at the low level of relation with customer loyalty than that of the promotion goal. It could be explained that it is apt to get framed the compliment of people into 'gain-non gain' situation. As the result, for those who have the promotion focus are motivated to deliver their own feeling to other people eagerly. Conversely the prevention focused individual are more sensitive to the 'loss-non loss' situation. The research result is consistent with pre-existent researches. There is a conceptual parallel between necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits and luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha 2007; Higginns 1997; Kivetz and Simonson 2002b). In addition, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the precedence principle contends luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits higher than necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits. Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha (2007) show that consumers are focused more on the utilitarian benefits than on the hedonic benefits of a product until their minimum expectation of fulfilling prevention goals are met. Furthermore, a utilitarian benefit is a promise of a certain level of functionality by the manufacturer or the retailer. When the promise is not fulfilled, customers blame the retailer and/or the manufacturer. When negative feelings are attributable to an entity, customers feel angry. However in the case of hedonic benefit, the customer, not the manufacturer, determines at the time of purchase whether the product is stylish and attractive. Under such circumstances, customers are more likely to blame themselves than the manufacturer if their friends do not find the product stylish and attractive. Therefore, not meeting minimum utilitarian expectations of functionality generates a much more intense negative feelings, such as anger than a less intense feeling such as disappointment or dissatisfactions. The additional multi group analysis of this research shows the same result. Those who are unsatisfactory customers who have the prevention focused goal shows higher relation with WOM, comparing with satisfactory customers. The research findings in this article could have significant implication for the personal selling fields to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the sales such that they can develop the sales presentation strategy for the customers. For those who are the hedonic customers may be apt to show more interest to the promotion goal. Therefore it may work to strengthen the design, style or new technology of the products to the hedonic customers. On the contrary for the utilitarian customers, it may work to strengthen the price competitiveness. On the basis of the result from our studies, we demonstrated a correspondence among hedonic versus utilitarian and promotion versus prevention goal, WOM. Similarly, we also found evidence of the moderator effects of satisfaction after use, between the prevention goal and WOM. Even though the prevention goal has the low level of relation to WOM, those who are not satisfied show higher relation to WOM. The relation between the prevention goal and WOM is significantly different according to the satisfaction versus unsatisfaction. In addition, improving the promotion emotions of cheerfulness and excitement and the prevention emotion of confidence and security will further improve customer loyalty. A related potential further research could be to examine whether hedonic versus utilitarian, promotion versus prevention goals improve customer loyalty for services as well. Under the budget and time constraints, designers and managers are often compelling to choose among various attributes. If there is no budget or time constraints, perhaps the best solution is to maximize both hedonic and utilitarian dimension of benefits. However, they have to make trad-off process between various attributes. For the designers and managers have to keep in mind that without hedonic benefit satisfaction of the product it may hard to lead the customers to the customer loyalty.

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