• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 1999

This study examines the effects of the Korean horticultural foods which are, by traditional wisdom, supposed to contain anti-aging substance. All twenty three kinds of plants are chosen as a sample for the experiment in which the content of three main anti-aging nutrients, -carotene, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E are respectively measured by Nilis, Colorimetric, and AOAC method. The result shows: among the samples, top six plants that contain the most -carotene content are high quality tea(Camellia sinensis), thistle(Cirsium japonicum Var.), Angelica keiskei, mulberry leaves(Morus alba l.), field horsetail(Equisetum arvensa), and carrot(Daucus carota), in order; top four for a Vitamin C contents are low quality tea, mulberry leaves, pine leaves(Pinus densiflora), and high quality tea, in order; top four for a Vitamin E contents are persimmon leaves(Diospyros mongolicum) tea, high quality tea, low quality tea, and pine leaves, in order. Drying or boiling process increases the content of -carotene and Vitamin E in high quality tea, dropwort(Oenanthe javanica), field horsetail, and wild aster(Ligularia stenocephala Marsumum et Koldzumi), while, in case of mulberry leaves, drying process lowers them. Vitamin C content strikingly decreases in heating and drying process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1611-1617
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• 2004

This study was carried out to examine the effects of pills made of mulberry leaves and silkworm powder on lowering blood glucose level. Experimental animals were Sprague-Dawley male rat weighing 100$\pm$10 g and pills were supplemented with 0.4% (4 g/kg) diet. Experimental groups were assigned to diabetic group (DM group) and pill supplemented groups. Pill supplemented groups were classified 100% mulberry leaves (M group), mixing 25% silkworm powder to mulberry leaves (25SM group), mixing 50% silkworm powder to mulberry leaves (50SM group), mixing 70% silkworm powder to mulberry leaves (75SM group) and 100% silkworm powder (100S group). Experimental diets and water fed ad libitum, and streptozotocin was injected to induce diabetic state after 3rd weeks and sacrificed on the 9th day. The contents of 1-deoxynojirimycin(DNJ) were increased with adding the silkworm powder. The contents of GABA and rutin were increased with adding the mulberry leaves. In vitro, intestinal mucosa $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activities were significantly increased in pills which mixed with silkworm powder by 50%. Blood glucose levels were high in groups which mixed with silkworm powder by 50% compared to DM group. Intestinal mucosa maltase activity in proximal part was significantly reduced in pill supplemented group compared to DM group and pill supplemented groups were no significant difference. Enzyme activity in middle part was no significant difference in experimental groups. Enzyme activity in distal part was decreased in pill supplemented groups, especially in 50SM, 75SM and 100S groups were significantly reduced compared to DM group. Sucrase and lactase activities in pill supplemented groups were significantly reduced at proximal part, and there was no significant difference in middle and distal parts. In conclusion, pills made of mulberry leaves and silkworm powder increased the $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro and reduced the blood glucose levels by controlling the disaccharidase activities of intestinal proximal part in STZ-induced diabetic rat. The synergistic effect was the highest when mulberry leaves was mixed with silkworm powder by the ratio of 50 : 50.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1976

This work was carried out to investigate how the effects on the growth af branches and the yield of mulberry leaves are shown, when two of each dwarf and normal branches are thinned out in sumner or early autumn. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1) In mulberry trees after spring pruning: in case of thin out branches in summer and harvest in autumn (42 days after treatment), (1) The average length of branches in thin out trees showed 19% increase by autumn, which turned out to be 11% higher than that of non-thin out did (8%) (2) The thin out treated mulberry trees presented 9% increase in total yields of summer and autumn, when compared with those of the non-thin out trees. 2) In mulberry trees after sumner pruning: in case of thin out branches in early autumn and harvest either in autumn (15 days after treatment) or in late autumn (28 days after treatment), (1) The average length of branches showed about 6∼7% and 8%, intercase by autumn and late autumn, respectively. Thus no effects of thin out treatment could be recognized in growing of branches. (2) The thin out treated mulberry trees presented about 6% increase in total yields of early autumn, showing no significance through, when compared with those of ron-thin out treatment. Whereas the total yields of early autumn and late autumn showed 12% increase with significance at the level of 5% by thin out treatment. (3) As above mentioned, the thin out of mulberry branches brought about a good effect on yields of mulberry leaves, though less on average length of branches. It may be considered that the thin out treatment makes improve the living condition in mulberry trees and in turn induces photosynthesis actively, which results in increase the weight of leaves.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2004

The type of trichomes, their density and pattern of distribution on leaves of 16 genotypes of mulberry, belonging to both diploid and polyploid categories, were studied by scanning electron microscope. The present investigation was undertaken to find out the relationship of physical attributes, especially the density and trichome types with higher acceptability and better rearing performance by the silkworm Bombyx-mori L. Two types of trichomes glandular and non-glandular types were observed on both the leaf surfaces of all the mulberry genotypes studied. In general, greater densities of trichomes were observed on the abaxial surface than the adaxial surface of leaves in most of the genotypes. Distribution of glandular trichomes were more in abaxial surface and non-glandular trichomes were more in adaxial surface. Overall, distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes per unit area of leaf did not follow any regular pattern. When leaves of those genotypes were fed to silkworms, trichome density was found to be significantly negatively correlated with the survival of larvae i.e., effective rate of rearing, but trichome density did not influence the economic characters of rearing. As the distribution of glandular trichomes (GT) and non-glandular trichomes (NGT) did not follow any definite pattern, no relation could be established between the GT and NGT densities with silkworm rearing performance. However, the ratio of GT and NGT in a particular genotype influenced the rearing parameters, higher the ratios better the rearing performance. High GT and NGT ratio (＞1.00) was found positively significant when correlated with economic parameters viz., larval weight, single cocoon weight and single shell weight. The study is useful in screening different mulberry genotypes for their better acceptability to silk-worm and higher rearing performance at the early stage of selection without actually conducting the rearing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.826-833
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of YK-209 mulberry leaves on HMG-CoA reductase activity and lipid composition of liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10 B were randomly assigned as a normal group and four STZ-induced diabetic groups according to the level of dietary mulberry leaves supplement. The experimental diets were fed ad libidum, so that diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of STZ 55 mg/kg of body weight after feeding for 3 weeks. Animals were sacrificed on the 9th day of diabetic states. The levels of serum triglyceride, total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in DM group were higher than mulberry leaves supplemented groups and normal group, but those of the mulberry leaves supplemented groups were significantly decreased to normal level. In contrast, the leavels of serum HDL-cholesterol in DM group was significantly reduced than that of normal group, but mulberry leaves supplemented groups were increased to normal level. Atherogenic index in DM group was higher about 3 fold than the normal group but the DM-0.1Y and DM-0.2Y groups were maintained the normal level. Contents of total lipid and triglyceride of liver in DM group were significantly lower than that of normal group, but the mulberry Leaves supplemented groups increased than that of DM group. The contents of hepatic cholesterol in DM group was 160% higher than that of normal group, but the mulberry leaves supplementation groups maintained the normal level. The activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy -3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in DM group was 43% lower than that of normal group, but had no significant difference between DM-0.1Y, DM-0.2Y and normal groups. In conclusion, YK-209 mulberry loaves has improving effect of the lipid metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic rats through hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity, and the change of lipids contents in serum and liver.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.27-31
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• 1998

Antioxodative substances in Mulberry leaves were examined. Antioxidative substances in Mulberry leaves were extracted by 80% methanol agueous solution. Antioxidative activity of extract was determined by examining hydrogen donating ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the inhibitory effect on the formation of the peroxide from Linoleic acid in the test tube at $50^{\circ}C$. Antioxidative substance were, then, separated and indentified by thin layer chromatography(TLC), UV-Vis spectrum and High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) methods. Hydrogen donating ability on DPPH and antioxidative ability on linoleic acid of the extracted antioxidative substance were higher than those of 100ppm butylated hydroxy toluene(BHT). The extracted antioxidative substances were separated by TLC using ethylacetate : chloroform : formic acid : water(8 : 1 : 1 : 1 v/v) as a solvent, and a spot at Rf=0.35 was detected. The spot was scraped from the plate, and extrated by methanol. The extract was analyzed by UV-Vis spetra and HPLC, and chlorogenic acid was identified as a antioxidative substance.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.567-572
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• 2002

The effects of adding mulberry leaves powder, yellow soybean powder(YSP), and mugwor powder(MP) for the preparation of mungbean starch gels(MSG) were studied. MSG with above additives were analysed for proximate composition. sensory evaluation, chromaticity, and rheometric properties. In the proximate composition test, the moisture content was the highest in the MSG with 0.5% MP, and the crude protein content war the highest in MSG with 1.0% YSP. In the sensory evaluation, MSG with various additives showed higher values than control. Whereas MSG with 0.5% additives showed a high value in hardness, control gels showed high values in the gumminess and brittleness in the measurement with a rheometer.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2004

The study was carried out in order to improve the quality of fermented soybean, that is, Doenjang with strain ,mold and bactea, added mulberry leaves powder were investigated and analyzed as follows. 1. The water content of samples was 38.51-50.10%, pH value 5.44-6.21 and total acidity, 2.42-3.13 2. The reducing sugar of content for samples was 7.01-7.24% on contrast mulberry added sample was 8.34-12.11%, Amino-N as contrast 5.96-7.63% mulberry added, 8.34-12.11% 3. In sensory evaluation test, excellent results was 2% added sample than others. 4. The heaby metals analyzed form samples cans, iron, tin and lead content of samples were 5.63-6.03 ppm, 31.70-35.53 ppm and trace.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.61-64
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• 1976

Experiments had been carried out in Suweon area from 1972 to 1973 to determine the seasonal fluctuation of Pseudodendrothrips mori NIWA using direct counts and to know the effects of chemicals for its control. 1. The fluctuation of mulberry thrips was especially influenced by precipitation and number of hours with sunshine in the meteological conditions. The peaks of fluctuation occurred several times but the highest peak occurred in late August. 2. The mulberry thrips was distributed in the range of the 4th to 16th leaves from the apex in a branch. The highest density leaves were 6th to 12th. 3. Orthene, Metasystox were the most effects on the mulberry thrips.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1978

The root-out of mulberry saplings has been studied by pour into soil and spray on leaves of the plant growth substances. In addition, the effect of "Rutin", a kind of plant growth hormones has been also studied on promoting the rootability of mulberry scions by dipping the scions at the various concentrations. The results are summarized as follows: (1) It is likely to be effective on acceleration of the rootability resulting in increase of rooting ratio by pour into soil at the concentration of 1 ppm and 10 ppm NAA, 10 ppm and 100 ppm Rutin, and 5000 fold solution of Atonic, respectively (2) Growth of branch is only promoted by leaf spray of 0.5% urea, 0.005% and 0.01% Rutin, and 5000 fold solution of Atonic without increasing the root weight. (3) It seems that 0.05% of Rutin is of practical use, and 0.05% to 0.4% of "Rutin" accelerates the root-out of mulberry scions as well as NAA does.