• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.276-286
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• 2011

Morus alba (Mulberry) leaves were exposed to fermentation for varying amounts of time: no fermentation (0 min, MANF), medial fermentation (10 h, MAMF), and full fermentation (24 h, MAFF). The chemical compositions of the teas were determined and compared with those of commercial Camellia sinensis teas. The results showed that mulberry leaf teas contained significantly higher amounts of ash and fat than Camellia sinensis tea. Compared with Camellia sinensis teas, all mulberry leaf teas contained significantly more total free amino acids (24.26~54.25mg L-glutamic acid equivalent $g^{-1}$), but the concentration of caffeine was relatively low for mulberry leaf teas. High thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin contents were found in all mulberry leaf teas, but ascorbic acid and pyridoxine were found at higher levels in Camellia sinensis teas than in mulberry leaf teas. Color measurements demonstrated that mulberry leaf tea infusions generally had lower $a^*$ (greenness) and $b^*$ (yellowness) values than Camellia sinensis tea infusions. All infusions exhibited low turbidity levels (less than 10%). The contents of total phenols were measured as 71.8 and 74.9mg 100 $ml^{-1}$ infusion in MANF and MAFF, respectively, but the MAMF tea infusion showed significantly lower total phenols (64.6mg 100$ml^{-1}$ infusion). The total flavonoid contents of mulberry leaf tea infusions were lower (8.9~20.6mg 100 $ml^{-1}$ infusion) than those of Camellia sinensis teas and thus had lower antioxidant capacities (DPPH: 326.8~526.9 ${\mu}M$ trolox equivalent $g^{-1}$ and FRAP: 364.6~387.6 ${\mu}M$ trolox equivalent $g^{-1}$) than Camellia sinensis teas. The amounts of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and rutin were higher in fermented mulberry leaf teas; the level of GABA increased with increasing fermentation time and the content was highest in MAFF, but rutin content was highest in MAMF.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 1979

대기공해가 잠아의 실용형질에 미치는 영향을 알고자 일본종계통 2품종과 중국종계통 2품종을 오염상 비오염상세, 척상별로 사육하고, 또 상엽 및 잠체중의 S, Cd 함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 잠아경과일수는 일본종계통은 비오염구에 비해 오염구가 2.5일 정도 중국종계통은 4일정도 지연 및 불재일하였고 세척구는 중간정도 였다. 2. 잠아 5령극대체중, 견층중, 전견중등은 비오염구, 세척구, 오염구 순으로 성적이 떨어졌다. 3. 화용비율은 상엽처리별로 볼때 일본종은 유의성이 없었으나 중국종은 고도의 유의성을 나타냈다. 4. 오염상엽에 대한 저항성은 일본종계통에 비하여 중국종계통이 현저하게 약하며 동일계통에서도 종간에 차가 있다. 5. 오염지역의 상엽은 비오염지역의 상엽보다 S 및 Cd의 함량이 각각 약 30%, 300%증가하였다. 6. 잠체내 에서도 비오염상 급여구는 S가 0.41%, Cd 0.013ppm 이고 세척상 급여구는 S가 0.52%, Cd가 0.042ppm순으로 높았다. 7. S 및 Cd의 함량이 상엽에 가시적인 피해는 나타내지 않았으나 잠아에는 피해가 심했다. 8. 잠아의 실용형질은 공해로 인한 상엽질의 악화에서 입는 피해보다 상엽에 부착된 분전의 해가 더컸다. 9. 이상을 종합해 보면 분장지대 선정에 있어서 중국종계통은 공해지역을 피할 것이며 부득이한 경우는 상엽을 세척급여하면 현저한 효과를 거둘수 있을 것이다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2015

Much attention has been focused on the activity of the natural antioxidants present in fruits and vegetables, because potentially these components may reduce the level of oxidative stress. Especially, mulberry leaves containing many natural components are considerable resource for natural antioxidants. The antioxidant capacity of mulberry leaves was investigated with minilum L-100 device and ARAW-KIT (anti-radical ability of water-soluble substance), in comparison to the ascorbic acid. The antioxidant capacity of 16 varieties was 3303.4 nmol at opening stage of five leaves in spring. The highest stage of antioxidant capacity (3708.0 nmol) and yield rate was just before the coloration stage with anthocyanin in fruits, whereas the lowest stage was middle of June (2231.6 nmol) and about two months growing stage after summer pruning (2064.6 nmol). But after summer pruning, the antioxidant capacity of mulberry leaves increased gradually until just before fallen leaves stage. Even if samples were same variety, antioxidant effect of those showed different results according to collected regions. Also, antioxidant effect of mulberry leaves were higher than that of branches. The antioxidant capacity of yield-type mulberry leaves and fruits (Morus alba L., M. bombycis Koidz, and M. Lhou (Ser.) Koidz) collected from In-je, Won-ju and Yang-yang regions, Kang-won province, Korea, was investigated. The results indicated that total antioxidant capacity of yield-type mulberry leaves was 2711.2 nmol. In the antioxidant capacity analysis of Jeollabuk-Do genetic resources, autumn's mulberry leaves showed higher antioxidant capacity than that of spring's it. To investigate the effect of tea on antioxidative capacity, five kinds of tea(coffee mix, green tea added brown rice, mulberry leaf tea, Polygonatum odoratum tea and black tea added lemon) were selected and analyzed. Their's anti-oxidative capacity were 2,531.01 nmol, 1,867.42 nmol, 1,053.72 nmol, 292.71 nmol and 188.91 nmol, respectively. The antioxidative capacity of drinking water soaked with mulberry leaf showed 891.96 nmol.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2022

Mulberry is a hardy, perennial, deep-rooted plant capable of thriving under diverse agroclimatic conditions. The selection of suitable land and appropriate variety can help the sustainable mulberry field. However, no conclusive and comprehensive investigation has been conducted on the mulberry soil properties and nutritional composition of mulberry cultivars from Korea local areas in previous studies. In our study, soil properties and mulberry leaf components of Korea local mulberry farms were briefly investigated. In result, the soil organic matter (OM) content was significantly high in Buan (6.81%) and Jangseong (6.14%). In contrast, available phosphate (P₂O₅) was different in each local area. To investigate relationship between soil property and nutritive component of mulberry leaf, Cheongil leaf samples from 8 local areas were analyzed. Among the macrominerals (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺), the concentration of K varied from (1884±9.36) mg/100 g to (2685±11.5) mg/100 g. The potassium (K⁺) of Cheongil leaf in Sangju was the highest at 2685 mg/100 g. Besides macrominerals, flavonoids, total dietary fiber contents and moisture of Cheongil leaf samples were studied in the 8 local areas. In terms of these contents, the variation was largely depending on the local areas. This study provides a possible industrial use of mulberry, and holds promise to enhance the overall profitability of sericulture.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.691-702
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 고부가가치 오디 식초를 개발하기 위하여 식품 미생물인 효모와 초산균을 사용하여 오디를 발효하고, 품질의 표준화는 물론 우수한 생리기능성을 함께 갖춘 식초를 제조하고자 하였다. 오디의 최적 발효균주를 선발하기 위하여 균주를 달리하여 발효를 진행하고 품질 특성 및 생리활성을 측정하였으며, 오디 발효 시 알코올과 초산 생성능이 뛰어난 S. cerevisiae SRCM101756과 A. pasteurianus SRCM102419를 발효용 균주로 최종 선발하였다. 제조된 오디 와인에 선발된 초산균을 사용하여 오디 식초를 제조하고 품질 특성 및 생리활성을 분석하였다. 오디 식초는 발효 9일 차에 pH 2.98, 총산도 4.70%로 측정되었고, 𝛼-glucosidase 저해 활성은 100배 희석 시에 발효 전 13.22%에서 발효 후 19.19%로, 50배 희석 시에 발효 전 42.35%에서 발효 후 46.11%로 활성이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 저해 활성을 측정한 결과, 25배 희석 시에 발효 전 44.82%에서 발효 후 63.88%로, 50배 희석 시에 발효 전 30.10%에서 발효 후 37.24%로 angiotensin-converting enzyme 저해 활성이 증가하였고, 발효 전에 비하여 발효 후 pancreatic lipase 저해 활성도 유의적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 50배 희석 시료에서 발효 전 30.01%에서 발효 후 40.25%로, 25배 시료에서는 발효 전 42.51%에서 발효 후 55.33%로 그 활성이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 오디식초는 식품미생물을 이용한 발효를 통하여 생리활성이 증진된 고부가가치 식품이며, 향후 다양한 소재로도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.831-836
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• 2009

The aims of this investigation was to examine the anti-obesity effects of oral administration with Mulberry leaves extraction in the high-fat diet induced obesity rats. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of the extract from Mulberry leaves on the progress of high fat diet for 8 weeks. Experimental rats were divided into 5 different experimental groups including an normal group (normal dieat; n=10), control group (high fat diet; n=10), I (Mulberry leaves extraction 100 mg/kg oral administration induced obesity; n=10), II (Mulberry leaves extraction 300 mg/kg oral administration; n=10), and III (Mulberry leaves extraction 500 mg/kg oral administration; n=10). It is to analysis changes in body weight, epididymal fat weight, blood lipid profiles, and fat histological findings. Body weights were significantly increase in control group than normal groups(p<0.05). The level of total cholesterol, LDL-C and TG were significantly lower in experimental groups than control group (p<0.05). In histopathologic finding of fat-tissue around testicle experimental group I and II were more decreased than high fat diet-induced control group in fat cell size. These results suggested that the Mulberry leaves extraction oral administration made the increase of anti-obesity effect in high-fat diet induced obesity rats.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1040-1049
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• 2016

In this study, we aimed to develop a mixed tea prepared with roasted mulberry leaf and fruit using response surface methodology (RSM). Roasting of mulberry leaf was by 6 stages, as shown in Fig. 1; and mulberry fruit was roasted in 4 stages, as shown in Fig. 2. Subsequently, physicochemical measurements such as total polyphenol content, nitric oxide production content, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect were obtained for each sample. Central composite design was applied to prepare samples containing varying contents of roasted mulberry leaf (RoML) and roasted mulberry fruit (RoMF); subsequently, sensory evaluation was conducted. The total polyphenol content of roasted samples (RoML and RoMF) were significantly higher than that of raw samples (RaML and RaMF), respectively. The nitric oxide (NO) production of roasted samples were significantly lower than that of control (LPS induced RAW 264.7 cell). The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect of roasted samples was significantly higher than that of raw samples, respectively. Based on the RSM estimation for determination of optimum ratio by sensory evaluation (taste, color, and flavor) among 13 mixed samples, the optimum mixing ratio of RoML and RoMF for taste, color, and flavor were 1.64 g (RoML) and 0.88 g (RoMF), 1.35 g (RoML) and 0.92 g (RoMF), 1.65 g (RoML) 1.03 g (RoMF), respectively. Based on results of three sensory evaluations, mixing ratio comprising 1.54 g of RoML and 0.92 g of RoMF is desirable for delicious tea with functionality.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.142-146
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 U-373-MG 세포를 이용하여 오디 추출물과 VEGF에 의한 MMPs 및 플라스민의 분비에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. U-373-MG 세포에 오디 추출물을 $100{\sim}600\;{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 처리한 결과, MMP-2의 분비는 거의 완벽하게 억제되었고 MMP-9의 분비는 약 $1.6{\sim}5.9$배 증가하였다. 이에 비해 플라스민의 분비는 오디 추출물 농도 $500{\sim}600\;{\mu}g/mL$에서 $36%{\sim}58%$ 감소하였다. 오디 추출물과 VEGF를 병용처리한 경우, MMP-2의 분비는 VEGF만을 처리한 것과 비교하여 약 85.5% 감소하였고, MMP-9의 분비는 약 89.8% 감소하였다. 또한, U-373-MG 세포에서 오디 추출물($100\;{\mu}g/mL$)에 의한 MMP-2와 MMP-9의 분비 증가와 플라스민 분비증가는 PI 3'-kinase 경로에 의존적이었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 오디 추출물이 VEGF의 과발현에 따른 암의 성장을 억제 조절하는데 이용될 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.231-243
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• 2011

본 연구는 오디 생산농가 호수와 재배면적이 점차로 증가 하고 있는 추세에서 산업체종사자와 전공 관련 학생들을 중심으로 오디의 이용도를 높이기 위한 연구이다. 설문조사를 통해 과실을 이용한 유사형태의 가공제품 이용횟수를 조사한 결과 산업체 종사자는 일주일에 3-6회 4 1.7%로 사용이 많았다. 오디 이용도를 높이기 위한 가공제품개발 형태는 산업체는 시럽과 냉동 퓨레, 잼의 형태로 전공 관련 학생은 농축액, 잼, 시럽 순으로 선호하였다. 이러한 결과에 기초한 제품개발형태로는 시럽, 무설탕 농축액, 잼 순으로 제품 개발을 할 수 있으리라 사료된다. 제과품목으로는 냉장제품, 빵, 케이크류의 제품을 개발할 필요성이 제기된다. 오디가공제품을 요리품목에 활용할 경우, 두 집단 모두 채소 및 고기요리와 가장 잘 어울릴 것으로 나타났으며 이는 채소와 함께 먹을 수 있는 드레싱 및 소스를 오디와 접목하여 개발할 필요성이 있으리라 사료된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2017

Mulberry leaves containing 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) known to be a strong inhibitory effect for ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. Thus, DNJ has been recognized as a potentially important source for prevent or treat hyperglycemia. More effective method for the DNJ high-production is needed because DNJ content of natural mulberry leaf are as low as 0.1%. Many researchers have studied for the DNJ high-production in mulberry leaves such as the harvest season, fermentation using microorganisms, optimal culture conditions, and optimal extraction conditions. In order to provide for useful data that is anticipated at the level of industrial scale, we investigated ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity, pH value and DNJ content in large-scale based on the optimal culture conditions for mulberry leaf fermentation of small-scale in our previous study. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity, pH value, and DNJ content in this study were measured from the mulberry leaf fermentation broth for 7 days. During mulberry leaf fermentation, the ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity and DNJ content was increased until 2 to 4 days, but after 4 day was decreased. The pH value showed a decreasing trend up to 2 day, and little changes in 2 to 4 days. However, the pH was started to increase after 4 days.