• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2009

We analyzed partial sequences of cytochrome b (cyt-b), a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene, to determine the genetic relationships between six horsehead fish species: Branchiostegus japonicus, Branchiostegus albus, Branchiostegus auratus, Branchiostegus argentatus, Branchiostegus wardi, and an unidentified Branchiostegus species. The specimens were collected in Korea, China, Japan, and Vietnam. We compared their molecular phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA cyt-b sequences with an osteological analysis. The unidentified species, B. sp., was similar to B. albus in terms of the lack of triangular silver-white dot at the posterior region of eyes (vs. large one present in B. japonicus), but was also similar to B. japonicus in terms of the presence of a straight-shaped first hemal spine (vs. a curve-shaped hemal spine in B. albus). Analysis of the mtDNA cyt-b sequences indicated that the smallest estimated sequence divergence was between the B. japonicus and B. sp. (0.70-0.94%), whereas the largest difference was between B. auratus and B. argentatus (23.06-23.36%). Both the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood trees showed that the B. sp. was closely clustered with B. japonicus, and that B. auratus was most distant from the other species. When comparing the osteological characters, UPGMA tree showed that the B. japonicus and B. sp. were the most closely clustered species, and B. auratus was the most distantly clustered fish relative to the other species. The shape of the nasal, otolith and first hemal spine was informative for distinguishing B. auratus from the other species. These osteological differences were consistent with the differences in mtDNA.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2002

한국산 총알고둥(Littorina brevicula)의 지리적 변이를 조사하기 위하여 동해안, 남해안, 서해안에서 총 11개 집단 106개체를 대상으로 미토콘드리아 DNA cytochrome b 유전자의 염기서열을 분석하였으며, 분석 결과 총 500 bp의 염기서열을 검출하였다 검출된 염기서열을 대상으로 염기치환 유무 및 치환 장소를 비교한 결과 13종류의 haplotype으로 구분되었으며, 그 중 LbA가 주 haplotype으로 나타났다. LbA의 평균 출현빈도는 0.877이었으며, 동해안은 0.82, 남해안 0.70, 서해안 1.00으로 각각 나타나 동해안 집단이 타 집단에 비해 haplotype의 다양성이 더 높았다. 특히 오염지역과 비오염지 역간의 비교에서는 8종류의 haplotype이 구분되었으며, 역시 LbA가 주 haplotype으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.454-461
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• 2019

Background: Ikonnikov's whiskered bat (Myotis ikonnikovi) is found throughout the Korean Peninsula, as well as in Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia, China, and Japan. It is small-sized and primarily inhabits old-growth forests. The decrease and fragmentation of habitats due to increased human activity may influence the genetic structure of bat populations. This study was designed to elucidate the population genetic structure of M. ikonnikovi using mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b). Results: The results showed that M. ikonnikovi populations from Korea have high genetic diversity. Although genetic differentiation was not detected for the COI gene, strong genetic differentiation of the Cytb gene between Mt. Jeombong and Mt. Jiri populations was observed. Moreover, the results indicated that the gene flow of the maternal lineage may be limited. Conclusions: This study is the first to identify the genetic population structure of M. ikonnikovi. We suggest that conservation of local populations is important for sustaining the genetic diversity of the bat, and comprehensive studies on factors causing habitat fragmentation are required.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.231-233
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• 2004

Sequences of cytochrome b gene and control region of mitochondrial DNA from Korean common otters (Lutra lutra lutra L.) were examined to provide the genetic information for the conservation of this subspecies. Two haplotypes and one haplotype were revealed in cytochrome b gene and control region, respectively. The available sequences of European common otter (L. l. lutra) from GenBank were compared together with those of Korean common otter in order to determine the degree of sequence variation between them. In cytochrome b gene sequences, two haplotypes from Korea and two haplotypes of Europe showed differences in 12 of 1,045 sites. The Tamura-Nei nucleotide distances between two European haplotypes was 0.10% and those between two Korean haplotypes was also 0.10%, but those between Korean haplotypes and European ones ranged from 0.96% to 1.16%. In the control region, one Korean haplotype and seven European ones showed differences in seven of 300 sites; the Tamura-Nei distances among seven European haplotypes were 0.34% to 1.01%, but those between Korean haplotype and European ones ranged from 1.01% to 1.69%. Although further molecular and morphological studies with specimens from eastern Asia including Amur region and northeast China are needed, it is possible that the Korean common otter might be closer or identical to the far-eastern Asian common otter, L. l. amurensis Dybowski.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2008

우리나라는 전 세계 녹용의 약 80% 이상을 소비하고 있는 양록 대국이나 최근 국내 녹용시장에서의 녹용 둔갑판매 및 불법유통 현상이 문제점으로 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 녹용의 종 감별 기술을 개발하고자 현재 국내에서 유통되고 있는 러시아산 원용, 북미산 대록, 국산화용, 중국산 깔깔이 및 알래스카산 순록 등 5종의 대표적인 녹용들을 대상으로 종간 염기서열 변이성이 매우 높은 유전자로 알려져 있는 mt DNA내 cytochrome b 및 D-loop 유전자 영역의 염기서열 분석 및 종간 변이성 비교분석을 수행하였다. 각 녹용시료에서 mt DNA를 분리하고 cytochrome b와 D-loop유전자의 특정 영역을 포함하는 primer를 설계 합성하고 PCR로 증폭한 후 DNA 증폭산물의 염기서열을 분석하여 종간 유전정보의 동일성 여부를 비교한 결과 녹용 종간에 명확한 차이를 보이는 염기서열 부위가 검출되었고 이러한 종간 염기배열 차이에 근거하여 녹용의 종 감별이 가능하였다. 또한, mt DNA cytochrome b유전자에서 종간 특이적 염기서열을 인지하는 두 종류의 제한효소(NlaIV 및 TaqI)을 이용한 PCR-RFLP 기법으로 녹용으로 인정되지 않는 순록의 종 특이적 RFLP 분자표지를 검출하였고 이를 이용하여 녹용과 순록간의 종 판별이 가능하였다. 한편, D-loop 유전자의 특정 영역 염기서열 분석기법을 이용하여 시중에서 러시아산 원용으로 유통되고 있는 녹용 절편 32개를 무작위표본 추출하여 녹용의 종 감별을 조사한 결과 러시아산 원용으로 인정되는 것은 62.5%에 불과하였고 나머지는 중국산 마록(25.0%)과 엘크 및 순록의 아종으로 추정되는 시료도 일부 검출되었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 사슴 녹용 mt DNA 유전자의 염기서열 유전정보 변이 차이를 이용한 염기서열 분석법과 특정 제한효소(NlaIV 및 TaqI)를 이용한 PCR-RFLP 기법은 녹용의 과학적인 종 감별과 이를 바탕으로 녹용 원산지의 추정도 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2000

Partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was analyzed to investigate genetic variation from 10 geographic populations of Granulilittorina exigua in Korea. The sequence of 282 base pairs was determined by PCR-directed silver sequencing method. The sequences of two species within the genus Littorina reserved in NIH blast search were utilized to determine geographic variations of species referred. The levels of mtDNA sequence differences were 0.00-2.54% within populations and 0.71-4.43% between populations. There were four amino acid differences between representative species of the genera Granulilittorina and Littorina, but no differences within populations of the genus Granulilittorina. The UPGMA and the N-J trees based on Tamura-Nei genetic distance matrix were constructed, which showed that the genus Granulilittorina was divided into three groups such as eastern (even exception for Tokdo population), southern, and western regional populations. The degrees of genetic divergence within populations of each group were p=0.021, p=0.019, and p=0.018, respectively. The divergence between the eastern and southern populations was p=0.032, showing closer relationship than with the western populations (p=0.052). Based on the diverged time estimation, the eastern and southern populations of Granulilittorina exigua in Korea diverged from the western populations about 2.1 MYBP, and the eastern and southern populations diverged from each other about 1.3 MYBP.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1999

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 54 specimens of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) species complex sampled from the southern coast of Korea was assayed for polymorphism with a portion of the COIII gene (336 bp). Fifteen haplotypes were found. PAUP, one-step networks, and PHYLIP analyses revealed the presence of two clearly differentiated mitochondrial clades (termed clades B and E), separated by 3.6% of minimum sequence divergence. The distribution pattern of the species appears to be consistent with category II of the phylogeographic pattern sensu (Avise et al., 1987): the presence of two discontinuous and distinct mtDNA genotypes in the same geographic region. This unusual mitochondrial polymorphism was explained by the presence of the Mediterranean species, M. galloprovincialis, possessing mtDNA of both M. galloprovincialis and M. edulis.

• 환경생물
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2006

본 연구는 쥐노래미과(Hexagrammidae)에 속하고 양식산업에서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있는 노래미, Hexagrammos otakii(Jordan et Starks)와 쥐노래미, H. agrammus(Temminck et Schlegel)의 미토콘드리아 cytochrome b(cyt b)유전자의 염기서열을 서로 비교 분석하였다. 총 489 bp크기의 cyt b 염기서열에서 종간의 변이는 거의 없었다(96%의 유사성).Neighbor-joining방법에 의한 노래미와 쥐노래미에서의 0.0342인 pairwise distance는 두 종이 분자계통유전학적으로 유사함을 시사한다. 이러한 연구 결과들은 쥐노래미(Hexagrammos)속을 대상으로 한 양식, 수산유전학 및 분자계통학 분야에 적용 가능할 것이다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2020

A spionid polychaete, Boccardiella hamata (Webster, 1879) has been found from mud in crevices between the shells of oysters and adherent substrates in South Korea. The sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), 16S ribosomal DNA (16S), and the nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA (18S) from Korean individuals of Boccardiella hamata were determined in the present study. The molecular analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene sequences showed clear separation among the spionid polychaete species, and the sequences of Korean and Japanese individuals are completely identical. The morphological diagnosis and photographs of B. hamata are also provided.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

Genetic variation in the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus was determined from partial mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of the cytochrome b (Cytb) gene. Samples included 143 crabs from six localities along three coastlines in South Korea. A nucleotide sequence analysis revealed 38 variable sites in a 470-bp sequence, which defined 37 haplotypes. The haplotypes were not associated geographically and had a shallow genealogy. Pairwise $F_{ST}$ tests and a two-dimensional scaling analysis revealed no significant genetic differentiation among most of the populations. The low pairwise comparison values, but significant genetic differentiation of a northeastern population from all other populations, might have been influenced by a restriction in gene flow caused by hydrographic conditions such as ocean boundaries. The high haplotype diversity, low nucleotide diversity, and time since H. sanguineus expansion in Korean coastal waters indicate rapid population growth and a recent, sudden expansion in the Late Pleistocene.