• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.152.1-152.1
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• 2003

Under the vigorous search for active novel agents for cancer prevention and treatment, some agents have been found from plants and animals which are easily available. Our review of literature on them revealed that C. annuum L. var. angulosum Mill had high antiproliferating effect on cancer cells. Thus we investigated the efficacy of C. annuum L. var. angulosum Mill on cancer cell lines and to examined its effect on the mouse to detect other side effect and mechnism by which the extrat of C. annuum L. var. angulosum Mill had the anti-cancer efficacy on cancer. (omitted)

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.205-208
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• 1990

1-Dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone) is a new agent that enhances the percutaneous penetration of a number of different chemicals. BVDU and FEAU were evaluated for their potential efficacy in the treatment of cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections by in vitro studies through hairless mouse skin. This study demonstrates the value of penetration enhancing agent (Azone) and the need for a predictable evaluations in the development of topical antiviral agents.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.319-328
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• 2000

To evaluate the effect of Baepungtang(BPT) water extract on cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron which was inhibited by xanthine oxidase(XO) and hypoxanthine(HX)-induced oxigen radicals, MTT assay, NR assay, Neurofilament enzymeimmuno assay and LDH activity assay were carried out after the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron were preincubated with various concentrations of BPT water extract for 3 hours prior to exposure of XO/HX. The results obtained were as follows: 1. XO/HX, a oxigen radical, decreased the survival rate of the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron cell on NR assay and MTT assay. 2. $MTT_{50}$ value and $NR_{50}$ value of XO/HX were 30 mU/ml XO/O.2 mM HX. 3. BPT water extract have efficacy of increasing neurofilament. 4. BPT water extract have efficacy of increasing LDH activity. From above the results, It is concluded that BPT has marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused in the XO/HX-mediated oxidative process.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.563-566
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• 2002

To evaluate the effect of Jingansikpung-tang(JST) water extract on cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron which was inhibited by glucose oxidase(GO)-induced cytotoxicity, MTT and LDH activity assay were carried out after the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron were pre-incubated with various concentrations of JST extract for 3 hours prior to exposure of GO. The results obtained were as follows: GO, a oxygen radical, decreased the survival rate of the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron cells on MTT assay. JST water extract have efficacy of decreasing LDH activity increasing by GO in cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron. From above the results, it is concluded that JST water extract has marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused in the GO-mediated oxidative process.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 1992

This study was performed to observe the therapeutic effects of interferon-gamma ($IFN-{\gamma}$) and gamma-globulin (${\gamma}-globulin$) in experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia of immune suppressed mice. After 9 weeks, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaBole(TMP-SMZ; 10~50 mg/mouse/day), mouse $IFN-{\gamma}(5{\times}10^4$ units/mouse/day) and mouse ${\gamma}-globulin$(20 mg/mouse/day) were administered to the mice for 3 weeks by the experimental group. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by body weights, histopatholo단ic and electron microscopic findings of the lungs, and number of p. carinii cysts by Gomori's methenamine silver stain. Body weights of the mice were significantly increased in the group of combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with $IFN-{\gamma}{\;}or{\;}{\gamma}-globulin$, and in the group of TMP- SMZ treatment(p<0.05), however, little effect was found in the group of T-globulin alone. Histopathologic 6ndings of p. carinii pneumonia were much improved in the group of combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with $IFN-{\gamma}$. Treatment with either TMP-SMZ or $IFN-{\gamma}$ significantly reduced the number of cysts in the p. carinii pneumonia, but {\gamma}-globulin alone was ineffective. In electron microscopic findings of p. carinii pneumonia, the number of trophozoites and cysts were reduced by treatment with either TMP-SMZ or $IFN-{\gamma}$, and most of the cysts were empty or containing one or two intracystic bodies. The present results suggested, that combination therapy of TMP-SMZ with $IFN-{\gamma}$ had synergistic effects in treatment of P carinii pneumonia in experi- mental mice.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 1999

To investigate viral pathogenesis and in vivo efficacy of acyclovir (ACV) in mouse HSV-1 encephalitis models, female BALB/c mice aged 5 weeks were inoculated with strain F either intranasally (IN) or intracerebrally (IC). ACV-treatment by intraperitomeal injection with 0, 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg b.i.d. for 6 days was commenced 1 h after infection. Body weight and signs of clinical disease were noted daily up to 2 weeks. $ED_{50}$ of ACV in IN infection was <5 mg/kg and 14.1 mg/kg in IC infection. Tissues of central nervous system were collected from 2 mice per group everyday up to 5 day p.i. and the virus titers were measured. In IN infection model, high titers in eyes and trigeminal nerves were observed. ACV-treatment showed significant reduction of the titers in all the isolated. In IC infection model, cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem showed high virus titers. ACV-treatment showed less significant reduction of virus titers than that in IN infection model. Reactivation of explanted trigeminal nerves from mice 30 day p.i. was monitored. In all of ACV treated mice reactivation was observed, i.e. even the highest dose of ACV did not inhibit the establishment of viral latency.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1383-1392
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• 2021

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) that produce Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase are increasingly reported worldwide and have become more and more resistant to nearly all antibiotics during the past decade. The emergence of K. pneumoniae strains with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems, which are used as a last resort treatment option, is a significant threat to hospitalized patients worldwide as K. pneumoniae infection is responsible for a high mortality rate in the elderly and immunodeficient individuals. This study used Lactobacillus fermentum as a candidate probiotic for treating CRE-related infections and investigated its effectiveness. We treated mice with L. fermentum originating from the vaginal fluid of a healthy Korean woman and evaluated the Lactobacilli's efficacy in preventive, treatment, nonestablishment, and colonization mouse model experiments. Compared to the control, pre-treatment with L. fermentum significantly reduced body weight loss in the mouse models, and all mice survived until the end of the study. The oral administration of L. fermentum after carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella (CRK) infection decreased mortality and illness severity during a 2-week observation period and showed that it affects other strains of CRK bacteria. Also, the number of Klebsiella bacteria was decreased to below 5.5 log₁₀ CFU/ml following oral administration of L. fermentum in the colonization model. These findings demonstrate L. fermentum's antibacterial activity and its potential to treat CRE infection in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2001

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Injinchunggan-tang on Hepatitis C virus infection, and to clarify the mechanism of treatment by indentifying the effect of Injinchunggan-tang on cytokine secretion. Methods : In vitro model of HCV infection in MOLT 4 cell was used. The effect of Injinchunggan-tang on the attachment of HCV on MOLT 4 cell was studied by PCR method. The change of cytokine secretion according to Injinchunggan-tang treatment was investigated by ELISA. Results : Injinchunggan-tang inhibited the attachment of HCV on MOLT 4 in the concentration of $10-2{\mu\textrm{g}}/\mu\textrm{\ell}$ and $10-1{\mu\textrm{g}}/\mu\textrm{\ell}$. In cytokine assay, Injinchunggan-tang increased the secretion of IL-4 of mouse splenocytes and PBMC in 48 hour culture as well as the secretion of IL-12 of mouse splenocytes and PBMC in 48 hour culture, whereas it decreased the secretion of $IFN-{\gamma}$ of mouse splenocytes in 24 and 48 hour culture. Conclusion : The results of this study show that Injinchunggan-tang has an inhibitory effect on the attachment on HCV on Mo1t4 Cell, and that it increases the secretion of IL-4 and IL-12 of mouse splenocyte and PBMC.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 1987

The chemotherapeutic efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ($Bactrim^{\circledR}$) in mice experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gcndii was evaluated. The average survival days and survival rate of mice infected intraperitoneally with $1{\times}10^5$ trophozoites and treated with $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ were compared with those of untreated group. The hematologic findings of blood samples of experimental mice were observed for comparison of side elects between $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ and pyrimethamine ($Daraprim^{\circledR}$), the latter of which has been one of the favorable drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. The results are summarized as follows: 1. $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ showed a strong evidence of potent anti-Toxoplasma activity. The survival rate of mice administered with 24 mg of $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ per mouse per day for 7 days, was 83.3%, and the rate was increased to 100% in mice administered with two-fold concentrated dose of the drug. 2. The average numbers of white blood cells (W.B.C.) in the mouse groups treated with $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ or $Daraprim^{\circledR}$ were more increased than those only infected with T. gondii. The mice treated with $Daraprim^{\circledR}$ however, showed remarkably decreased numbers of W.B.C. as compared with those treated with $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ . 3. The average numbers of red blood cells (R.B.C.) and platelets both in the drug-treated and untreated T. gondii-infected mice were decreased as compared with normal mice. The numbers of R. B. C. in $Daraprim^{\circledR}-treated$ mice, however, were more decreased than in $Bactrim^{\circledR}-treated$ mice. 4. The average levels of hemoglobin both in the drug.treated and untreated T. gondii-infected mice were decreased, compared with normal mice. But there was no difference in the levels of hemoglobin between $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ and $Daraprim^{\circledR}-treated$ groups. In conclusion, trimethoprim.sulfamethoxasole ($Bactrim^{\circledR}$) was proven to be effective and safe for the treatment of murine toxoplasmosis. The efficacy was comparable with pyrimethamine ($Daraprim^{\circledR}$), but bone marrow depression was less severe with $Bactrim^{\circledR}$ treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.229-240
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• 1999

Background: The impact of the immune response on cancer gene therapy using viral vectors to deliver a "suicide gene" is currently unclear. A vigrous immune response targeted at viral proteins or transgene may enhance the efficacy of tumor destruction and even augment responses to tumor antigens. These responses may involve the release of cytokines and stimulation of tumor specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that enhance therapeutic efficacy. On the other hand, a vigorous rapid cellular immune response may destroy cells expressing the therapeutic gene and attenuate the response to therapy. Furthermore, development of neutralizing antibody responses may prevent readministration of virus, a potentially significant limitation. Evaluating the significance of these limitations in animal models and developing solutions are therefore of obvious importance. Methods: After retroviral transduction of mouse mesothelioma cell line(AB12) with Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) gene in vitro, subcutaneous flank tumors were established. To study the effect of intact immune system on efficacy of tumor erradication, the ability of the HSVtk/ganciclovir system to inhibit tumor growth was compared among normal Balb/c mice, immunodeficient Balb/c-nude and SCID mice, and Balb/c mice immunosuppressed with cyclosporin. Results: Ganciclovir treatment resulted in greater inhibition of tumor growth in Balb/c mice compared with immunodeficient Balb/c-nude mice and SCID mice(in immunodeficient mice, there were no growth inhibition by ganciclovir treatment). Ganciclovir treatment resulted in greater inhibition of tumor growth in noncyclosporin (CSA) treated Balb/c mice compared with CSA treated Balb/c mice. On day 8, mean ganciclovir-treated tumor volume were 65% of control tumor volume in Balb/c mice versus 77% control tumor volume in CSA-treated Balb/c mice. This effect was still evident during therapy (day 11 and 13). On day 13, non-CSA treated tumor volume was 35% of control tumor volume versus 60% of control tumor volume in CSA treated Balb/c mice. Duration of expression of HSVtk was not affected by the immunosuppression with CSA. Conclusion: These results indicate that the immune responses against retrovirally transduced cells enhance the efficacy of the HSVtk/ganciclovir system. These findings have important implications for clinical trials using currently available retrovirus vectors as well as for future vector design.