• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2007

For many years, human-computer interaction (HCI) practitioners have focused on usability in order to enhance the user experience, and companies have seen it as an area where they can gain advantages over their competitors. However, a focus on usability limits the potential of HCI research because it restricts the concept of user experience to just an implemented functionality of the information technology (IT). Therefore, it is necessary to expand the boundary of user experience research into a holistic dimension. We suggest that one of the most powerful ways to broadly understand user experience with an IT is to investigate the attributes of an IT and users' perceived values and to construct a user experience structure, a hierarchical structure between the attributes of an IT and users' perceived values. This study thus undertakes two research tasks: to develop a specific methodology, which is the visual probing, for constructing a user experience structure with the attributes of an IT and users' perceived values, and then to build a user experience structure practically by conducting a case study to a specific IT: mobile data service.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.201-203
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• 2017

There exists strong evidence supporting the co-evolution of central supermassive black holes and their host galaxies; however it is still under debate how such a relation comes about and whether it is relevant for all or only a subset of galaxies. An important mechanism connecting AGN to their host galaxies is AGN feedback, potentially heating up or even expelling gas from galaxies. AGN feedback may hence be responsible for the eventual quenching of star formation and halting of galaxy growth. A rich multi-wavelength dataset ranging from the X-ray regime (Chandra), to far-IR (Herschel), and radio (WSRT) is available for the North Ecliptic Pole field, most notably surveyed by the AKARI infrared space telescope, covering a total area on the sky of 5.4 sq. degrees. We investigate the star formation properties and possible signatures of radio feedback mechanisms in the host galaxies of 237 radio sources below redshift z = 2 and at a radio 1.4 GHz flux density limit of 0.1 mJy. Using broadband SED modelling, the nuclear and host galaxy components of these sources are studied simultaneously as a function of their radio luminosity. Here we present results concerning the AGN content of the radio sources in this field, while also offering evidence showcasing a link between AGN activity and host galaxy star formation. In particular, we show results supporting a maintenance type of feedback from powerful radio-jets.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.86-97
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• 2005

Accurate estimation of the wave-induced pore water pressure in the seabed is key factor in studying the stability of the seabed in the vicinity of coastal structure. Most of the existing numerical models for wave structure seabed interaction have been linked through applying hybrid numerical technique which is analysis method separating the wave field and seabed regime. Therefore, it is necessary to develope a numerical model f3r simulating accurately wave$\cdot$structure$\cdot$ seabed interaction under wave loadings by the single domain approach for wave field and seabed regime together. In this study, direct numerical simulation is newly proposed. In this model, modeled fluid drag has been used to detect the hydraulic properties according to the varied geometrical shape inside the porous media by considering the turbulence resistance as well as laminar resistance. Contrary to hybrid numerical technique, direct numerical simulation avoids the explicit formulation of the boundary conditions at the fluid/porous media interface. A good agreement has been obtained by the comparison between existed experimental results by hydraulic model test and direct numerical simulation results far wave $\cdot$structure$\cdot$seabed interaction. Therefore, the newly proposed numerical model is a powerful tool for estimating the nonlinear dynamic responses among a structure, its seabed foundation and water waves.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.16-33
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• 2004

Up to now, image of femme fatale has undergone constant transformation to be inherited and developed through various genres of movies. With few exceptions such cases have represented sensuality of women by costumes with the most distinctive and exaggerated sexuality. Temptresses in movies are mostly drawn as extravagant and gorgeous one or a gloomy and dreary woman. Such an image is reinforced with make-up, hair style, accessories, attitude and manner of talking. The movie 'Chicago' is a musical film that crosses the boundaries of reality and fantasy with dancing and singing. Its lighting, stage setting, powerful and sexy dancing augmented already exaggerated and sensual costumes. Following is the analysis of costumes for two heroines as images of femme fatale. Strong contrast of color among black, red and blue on see-through & stickingly tight body suit signifies liberal mind and arrogant charisma of Velma. The contrast, haughty gestures, cropped black hair and thick makeups represent sex appeal, aggressive image, and fearlessly determined character of femme fatale. Roxie wears decent dresses in front of public and gorgeous stage costume in fantasy to convey two images of bad girl and angel. Her body suit, showing off lustering materials and dazzling bead decoration, is rather loose but still displays her bodyline to emphasize sexiness for representation of desire in fantasy. Chastity and innocence are implied with the decency of dresses in reality. They were specially chosen to draw public sympathy and indicate cunning disguise of Roxy who desperately wants to realize her desire. These dauntless costumes, which sufficiently express inside aspirations of Velma and Roxie later denote open and realistic social yearning rather than fatal desire hidden behind sensual beauty. It doesn't exist as imperfect, unrealistic and socially disdainful ambition as the image of femme fatale of paintings and movies did before in history. Femme fatale is expressed with deep cleavage, silk dresses that explicitly display bodyline, sexiness of mesh stockings with garter belts. All of these won't be utilized as a negative tool to seduce and destroy someone anymore but rather, they should represent rightful and fair nature of humans such as men's curiosity who secretly steal a look at them or female sexuality that women spontaneously want to show off.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.60-61
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• 2004

Metabolic engineering is now a well established discipline, used extensively to determine and execute rational strategies of strain development to improve the performance of micro-organisms employed in industrial fermentations. The basic principle of this approach is that performance of the microbial catalyst should be adequately characterised metabolically so as to clearlyidentify the metabolic network constraints, thereby identifying the most probable targets for genetic engineering and the extent to which improvements can be realistically achieved. In order to harness correctly this potential, it is clear that the physiological analysis of each strain studied needs to be undertaken under conditions as close as possible to the physico-chemical environment in which the strain evolves within the full-scale process. Furthermore, this analysis needs to be undertaken throughoutthe entire fermentation so as to take into account the changing environment in an essentially dynamic situation in which metabolic stress is accentuated by the microbial activity itself, leading to increasingly important stress response at a metabolic level. All too often these industrial fermentation constraints are overlooked, leading to identification of targets whose validity within the industrial context is at best limited. Thus the conceptual error is linked to experimental design rather than inadequate methodology. New tools are becoming available which open up new possibilities in metabolic engineering and the characterisation of complex metabolic networks. Traditionally metabolic analysis was targeted towards pre-identified genes and their corresponding enzymatic activities within pre-selected metabolic pathways. Those pathways not included at the onset were intrinsically removed from the network giving a fundamentally localised vision of pathway functionality. New tools from genome research extend this reductive approach so as to include the global characteristics of a given biological model which can now be seen as an integrated functional unit rather than a specific sub-group of biochemical reactions, thereby facilitating the resolution of complexnetworks whose exact composition cannot be estimated at the onset. This global overview of whole cell physiology enables new targets to be identified which would classically not have been suspected previously. Of course, as with all powerful analytical tools, post-genomic technology must be used carefully so as to avoid expensive errors. This is not always the case and the data obtained need to be examined carefully to avoid embarking on the study of artefacts due to poor understanding of cell biology. These basic developments and the underlying concepts will be illustrated with examples from the author's laboratory concerning the industrial production of commodity chemicals using a number of industrially important bacteria. The different levels of possibleinvestigation and the extent to which the data can be extrapolated will be highlighted together with the extent to which realistic yield targets can be attained. Genetic engineering strategies and the performance of the resulting strains will be examined within the context of the prevailing experimental conditions encountered in the industrial fermentor. Examples used will include the production of amino acids, vitamins and polysaccharides. In each case metabolic constraints can be identified and the extent to which performance can be enhanced predicted

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.490-498
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• 2010

HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, $CHClF_2$), one of the major components in various refrigeration, is emitted mostly from developing countries, as its consumption is not limited until 2013 by the Montreal Protocol. In addition, HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, $CHF_3$), a by-product in the manufacture of HCFC-22, is also a powerful greenhouse gas. Here, we discuss the regional emission characteristics of these compounds based on high-frequency in-situ measurements using the "Medusa" GC-MS system. HCFC-22 and HFC-23 baseline concentrations measured at Gosan (Jeju Island, Korea) from November 2007 to December 2008 increased by 1.8 ppt/yr and 0.6 ppt/yr, respectively. Pollution events of these compounds were observed, very frequently (e.g., ~2~3 times) at Gosan than baseline levels. All the measurement data were divided into four groups by simultaneously considering the ratio (HFC-23/HCFC-22) and concentration (HCFC-22) at Trinidad Head (TH, California, USA). The residence time of trajectories were then analyzed in each of the four groups. The results exhibited the existence of a strong correlation with air mass origin for each group: 1) Air masses originating from Siberia in the north and from the Pacific in the south had ratios of 0.08~0.12 and concentrations of 196.9~254.3 ppt which is highly comparable to background air at TH. 2) Air masses passing over the Southern China exhibited similar ratios but higher HCFC-22 concentrations. 3) Air masses passing over the Northern China had ratios of 0.12~0.21. 4) Air masses passing over Korea and/or Japan had ratios of 0.01~0.08. Our results suggest that the HFC-23/HCFC-22 ratio can be used as a good indicator for the assessment of the pollution with Chinese origin. We also confirmed differences in air masses traveling over Northern and Southern China, most likely due to differences in air mass travelling speed over these regions before arriving at Gosan. This signature may be treated as one of the critical components in identifying the emission sources from different parts of China.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.4 s.44
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• pp.614-627
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• 1993

It is well known that a physician's personal characteristic affects his practice pattern. Furthermore, a physician's specialty has powerful influences on his practice pattern. However, despite the fact that specialization has received the most attention for its influence on physician's service behavior, few studies have been conducted on the variations of contents and volume of physician's services. This study has intended to identify factors influencing the practice variations according to various physician characteristics. There are some other evidences that medical care providers are different in using of health services and resources in Korea. Four physician characteristics were selected for the analysis, two demographical factors, age and sex, and two practice factors, place of practice and medical specialty. Also, three indicators of service amount (total amount of insurance claim bill, number of visits per case, number of prescriptions per case) were selected. From the pool of insurance claims for ambulatory care received by the Korean National Federation of Medical Insurance(NFMI), 84,898 cases were randomly sampled. In the meantime using physician database of NFMI, 613 general practitioners (GP), 107 regular family physicians (FP), 483 'grandfather' family physicians(GFP), and 1,157 specialist practitioners(SP) were randomly sampled. Their different practice contents were compared concerning the specialty, age groups, sex, and practice sites (urban-rural) Specialist physicians tend to provide more costly care than do generalists. General practitioners and family physicians usually make fewer following visits and prescriptions. Age is also the important factor in determining the amount of services, which is highest at the physician's age group of 40's. Female doctors and urban practitioners use much more resources than their counterparts respectively. Research findings suggest that physician's characteristics particularly the specialty can affect practice patterns and resource utilizations. Other characteristics such as age and sex are not controllable but physician's specialty is relatively easily controllable during the entire phases of policy implementation. This is all the more true in the individual's initial decision of his specialty. Specialization therefore should receive policymaker's attention for its potential influence on medical care utilization and health care expenditure.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2015

White ledger usually includes white office paper, computer paper, and copy machine paper. Because these grades need high optical properties, fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) are widely used in the papermaking process. FWAs are the most powerful and effective chemical used to obtain high CIE whiteness and ISO brightness in papers. The rising demand for white or ultra-white papers has increased the use of FWAs. However, FWAs used in white ledger can restrict its use, even though white ledger is widely used as a raw material in paperboard mills. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods to control FWAs from white ledger to increase its use in paperboard mills. In this study, the behaviors of disulpho fluorescent whitening agent (D-FWA), tetrasulpo fluorescent whitening agent (T-FWA), and hexasulpho fluorescent whitening agent (H-FWA) during the recycling process were identified as a first step to remove FWAs from white ledger. We prepared four types of papers (dyed with D-FWA, T-FWA, and H-FWA), disintegrated these papers, and made handsheets. This recycling process was carried out three times in a laboratory. After each round of recycling, the hand-sheets' CIE whiteness and fluorescence index were measured, and the distribution of FWAs in the Z-direction was observed using CLSM images. FWA reductions in the model papers were calculated using fluorescence indices as a function of the number of recycling. FWAs in handsheets containing T-FWA and H-FWA decreased linearly as a function of the number of recycling, but D-FWA did not show a significant reduction in the fluorescence index after recycling. T-FWA and H-FWA showed similar distributions of D-FWA after recycling. Therefore, as much T-FWA and H-FWA as possible must be detached in the early processes of papermaking at paperboard mills.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2013

X-ray powder diffraction is one of the most powerful techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis of crystalline compounds. Thus, there exist a number of different methods for quantifying mineral mixtures using X-ray diffraction pattern. We present here the use of Rietveld and PONKCS (partial or no known crystal structure) methods for quantification of amorphous and crystallized mineral phases in synthetic mixtures of standard minerals (amorphous silica, quartz, mullite and corundum). Pawley phase model of amorphous silica was successfully built from the pattern of 100 wt% amorphous silica and internal standard-spiked samples by PONKCS approach. The average of absolute bias for quantities of amorphous silica was 1.85 wt%. The larger bias observed for lower quantities of amorphous silica is probably explained by low intensities of diffraction pattern. Averages of absolute bias for minerals were 0.53 wt% for quartz, 0.87 wt% for mullite and 0.57 wt% for corundum, respectively. The PONKCS approach achieved improved quantitative results compared with classical Rietveld method by using an internal standard.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2010

Objects : Glycine max Merr. (black bean), Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Oryza sativa L. (rice bran) have been widely used for treatment of relaxion of smooth muscle, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and alopecia in Korean Traditional Medicine. In this research, we examined the effect of the extracts, obtained from EtOH extracts of 3 kinds of traditional plants, on hair growing activity of the DP6 and C3H10T1 cell and physical properties. Materials and Methods : On the basis of previous studies, three traditional plants were selected and we extracted them with ethanol. We evaluated their hairy dermal papillar cell proliferation activity and mouse mesenchymal stem cell in vitro model. Also, 3 herbal extracts were added to the normal shampoo formulation in ranges of 0.1% and we validated tensile properties and physical changes using aged hair. In this research, we compared the tensile strength, shine and color appearance between the hair (general formulation) and the hair after applying shampoo with natural extracts. To analyze the luster and color image, we use the SAMBA hardware and software made by Bossa Nova Technologies. Results : In the comparative test for tensile characteristic between the hair treated general formulation(control) and the hair applying special formulation including 3 kinds of extracts, tensile distance and energy of the latter are larger than control on average. The shine and color appearance were also increased after using shampoo including natural extracts(shine : 10.9%, color appearance: 24.12%). We observed the enhancement of hair growth activity in the DP6 and C3H10T1 cell. Especially black bean extracts had the most powerful effect in the dermal papillar cell proliferation. Conclusion : These experiments suggest that extracts of Glycine max Merr. (black bean), Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Oryza sativa L. (rice bran) stimulate the hair growth activity and can improve physical activities of aged hair. Shampoo product, which contains 3 kinds of natural extracts, would be used for the treatment for aged hair.