• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2018

To have more insight into the nature of plant, plant scientists carry out phytosociological studies on such plant species. The phytosociological studies on Tridax procumbens. Linn was carried out at Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State between the months of July and September, 2018. Tridax procumbens Linn grows abundantly in the areas under tropical climate and supported by a sandy-loam soil. Morphological features showed a range of variations. Phytosociological investigation showed a Tridax- Mitracarpus-Digitaria plant community. Tridax procumbens was positively associated with Digitaria horizontalis, Mitracarpus scarber and Vernonia cinera. The Inter-relationship of T. Procumbens was thus determined. This study therefore is a contribution to the general ecology of the plant. Phytosociological studies helps plant scientist to have more knowledge into the nature of plant species. This study is a contribution to the general ecology of the plant Tridax procumbens. The study also shows that it has close association with mitracarpus Scarber and Digitaria horizontalis. More work should be carried out to find out if these plant species flower and produce seeds at the same time or not.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2013

There have been reports of abnormalities in the lumbosacral region involving a lower-than-normal termination of the dural sac, which is caused by disease or anatomical variation. Inadvertent dural puncture or other unexpected complications can occur during caudal epidural block or adhesiolysis in patients with these variations, but only a small number of case reports have described this issue. We report a case of dural puncture by the introducer needle before attempting caudal epidural adhesiolysis, which occurred even though the needle was not advanced upward after penetrating the sacrococcygeal ligament. Dural puncture was caused by a morphological abnormality in the lumbosacral region, with no pathological condition; the dural sac terminal was located more distally than normal. However, dural puncture could have been prevented if we had checked for such an abnormality in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) taken before the procedure.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2000

Species boundaries among the Alcyonacean soft coral, the genus Dendronephthya, are often obscured by inter- and intraspecific morphological variations. In the present study, we attempted to infer the genetic relationships of eight dendronephthians based on their molecular characters, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA, and then compared this result together with the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data from our previous investigation. Dendronephthya. putteri and D. suensoni formed a divaricate form - VI grade specific clade, whereas D. castanea, D. gigantea, D. aurea and D. spinifera, formed a umbellate and glomerate form - IV and III grade specific clade. Therefore, we confirmed that the main characters the growth form and the anthocodial grade and formula, are important in identification of the species in dendronephthians despite some problems. Also, the relationships of the growth form are clarified as the glomerate form is much closer to the umbellate form than to the divaricate form based on two sets of independent molecular data. However, we cannot determine the molecular markers which limit the species boundaries among this genus with ITS sequences.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2018

This paper proposes a method to improve speech recognition performance by extracting various pronunciations of the pseudo-morpheme unit from an eojeol unit corpus and generating a new recognition unit considering pronunciation variations. In the proposed method, we first align the pronunciation of the eojeol units and the pseudo-morpheme units, and then expand the pronunciation dictionary by extracting the new pronunciations of the pseudo-morpheme units at the pronunciation of the eojeol units. Then, we propose a new recognition unit that relies on pronunciation by tagging the obtained phoneme symbols according to the pseudo-morpheme units. The proposed units and their extended pronunciations are incorporated into the lexicon and language model of the speech recognizer. Experiments for performance evaluation are performed using the Korean speech recognizer with a trigram language model obtained by a 100 million pseudo-morpheme corpus and an acoustic model trained by a multi-genre broadcast speech data of 445 hours. The proposed method is shown to reduce the word error rate relatively by 13.8% in the news-genre evaluation data and by 4.5% in the total evaluation data.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in velar shape according to age, sex, and race using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 170 participants (85 children, 85 adults) between 4 and 34 years of age. Velar morphology was visually classified using midsagittal MRI scans for each participant by 2 independent raters. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was assessed. Statistical analyses were performed to identify correlations of velar shape with sex, age, and race. Results: The most frequent velar shape was "butt" for both adults(41%) and children (58%) in this study. The least common shapes for adults were "leaf" and "S." The children did not exhibit any "leaf" or "straight" velar shapes. A statistically significant difference was noted for age with respect to velar shape (P=0.014). Sex and race were found to have no significant impact on velar shape in this study. Conclusion: When using MRI to evaluate velar morphology, the "butt" shape was most common in both children and adults. Velar shape varied significantly with age, while race and sex did not have a significant impact.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.40.1-40.8
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• 2022

The concepts of phylogeny and floral genetics play a crucial role in understanding the origin and diversification of flowers in angiosperms. Angiosperms evolved a great diversity of ways to display their flowers for reproductive success with variations in floral color, size, shape, scent, arrangements, and flowering time. The various innovations in floral forms and the aggregation of flowers into different kinds of inflorescences have driven new ecological adaptations, speciation, and angiosperm diversification. Evolutionary developmental biology seeks to uncover the developmental and genetic basis underlying morphological diversification. Advances in the developmental genetics of floral display have provided a foundation for insights into the genetic basis of floral and inflorescence evolution. A number of regulatory genes controlling floral and inflorescence development have been identified in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Antirrhinum majus using forward genetics, and conserved functions of many of these genes across diverse non-model species have been revealed by reverse genetics. Transcription factors are vital elements in systems that play crucial roles in linked gene expression in the evolution and development of flowers. Therefore, we review the sex-linked genes, mostly transcription factors, associated with the complex and dynamic event of floral development and briefly discuss the sex-linked genes that have been characterized through next-generation sequencing.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.428-434
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• 2023

Pulmonary veins (PVs) and their myocardial sleeves play an important role in the development of atrial fibrillation. Hence, detailed knowledge of PV anatomy is required to improve the procedural success rate and prevent complications during cardiac procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PV anatomy along with anatomical variations in the Indian population. Total 100 formalin fixed cadaveric hearts were examined. The number and pattern of the PVs were observed along with the measurement of their horizontal and vertical diameters. The ovality index for each PV was calculated. Classical PV pattern was observed in 62% cases. Variant pattern like additional right middle PV pattern and left common PV pattern were found in 20% and 10% cases respectively. A separate pattern with presence of both right middle PV and left common PV was observed in 6% cases. In the classical pattern right superior PV was the largest followed by right inferior, left superior and left inferior PV. The additional right middle PV had the smallest diameter whereas the left common PV had the largest diameter. Almost all the veins had greater vertical diameters in comparison to horizontal diameters. The variant PVs were oval and had greater ovality index compared to the normal PVs. In classical pattern 54.8% hearts whereas in variant pattern 79% hearts had one or more oval PV. The given data can help clinicians for planning and execution of various interventional and electrophysiological procedures involving PVs.

• ALGAE
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.59-74
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• 2024

Terrestrial cyanobacteria are extremely diverse. In urban areas, they can be found as black stains on the surface of building walls, stone monuments, or man-made structures. Many of the terrestrial cyanobacteria are still understudied. To expand knowledge of terrestrial cyanobacterial diversity, a polyphasic characterization was performed to identify 12 strains isolated from campus of University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. Multigene phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region showed that the isolated strains formed two independent subclades within Nodosilinea, and were distantly related to all described Nodosilinea species. The 16S-23S rRNA ITS secondary structures showed variations for D1-D1' and Box B domain, while V3 domain was almost identical among entire species of Nodosilinea, including the studied strains. In addition, a unique morphological character, i.e. forming nodule or spiral shape, was also observed in certain studied strains. According to polyphasic characterization, Nodosilinea coculeatus sp. nov. and Nodosilinea terrestrialis sp. nov., were proposed as two new species of terrestrial cyanobacteria from Okinawa.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.320-325
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the deposition of trimethoxy(propyl)silane as a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on the surface of an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by examining the changes in surface characteristics of the modified substrate with variations in deposition time and temperature. The highest contact angle was obtained at 160 ℃, and for each deposition time, the contact angles were 63°, 66°, 80°, 96°, 103°, 103°, 103°, and 104°, respectively, indicating the contact angle, and thus the hydrophobicity, increased with increasing deposition time and temperature. In addition, after 90 min of deposition, adequate SAM coverage was achieved on the ITO surface. When the coverage ratio was calculated, ≥ 99% coverage was obtained after 90 min of deposition at 160 ℃. Atomic force microscopy of samples with SAM coverage obtained after 90 min at different deposition tem-peratures revealed improvement in the surface roughness of the fabricated samples. The work function, measured using a photoelectron spectrometer, demonstrated a characteristic increase with increasing temperature. Thus, SAM deposition can improve the ITO surface properties depending on the time and temperature of deposition.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.449-460
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• 1992

본 시험은 유ㆍ무한신육형간의 생육 및 수량형질의 차이와 그 변이정도를 구명하여 콩 육종과 재배의 기초자료를 얻고자 '89년에 수원 작물시험장에서 실시하였다. 유한신육형인 황금콩과 장엽콩, 무한신육형인 Clark와 Williams를 공시하여 신육형간의 생육과 수량형질의 차이를 구명한 바 그 주요결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 무한신육형은 유한신육형보다 개화시로부터 정엽전개기까지의 일수가 평균 30일 더 길었으며 개화시 이후 주경절수도 7-8개 정도 더 증가되었다. 2. 유한신육형은 성숙기의 협실과 경의 건물중이 중하부에서 많았으며, 무한신육형은 중간부위에서 많았다. 3. 전 생육기간을 통하여 유한신육형이 무한신육형에 비하여 단립면적당 건립중이 높게 경과하였으나 무한신육형은 영양생장기간이 길고, 생육후기에 있어서 엽면적의 유특능력이 유한신육형보다 컸다. 4. 개체간 변이는 분지형질>주경과 개체전체의 생육 및 수량형질>주경의 형태적형질과 100립중의 순이었다. 5. 초기에 형성되는 생육형질보다는 후기에 성립되는 수량형질의 변이가 대체로 크게 나타났고, 무한신육형이 유한신육형보다 변이가 컸다. 6. 개체내 1립중의 변이계수가 유한신육형은 13.6-13.8%, 무한신육형은 18.5-21.1% 로서 유한신육형이 무한신육형보다 개체내 1립중의 변이가 작아 립의 평균일도가 높았다.