• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1994

Morphological estimation of human spermatozoa is complicated by the fact that there is great natural variation in shape. This natural variation in shapes makes it difficult to say which forms are associated with infertility and which are normal variations. Possibly post coital test or in vitro cervical mucus penetration tests will help to clarify this question by showing which sperm are capable of penetration. The purpose of this investigation was performed to assess distribution of various morphological abnormalities according to the ability of sperm to penetrate cervical mucus. The sperm-mucus penetration using hen's egg white as substituting mucus for human cervical mucus was done in 45 fertile men with normal semen analysis and 122 infertile men with abnormal seminal parameters more than one. The female partners of 122 infertile couples showed normal results in the female fundamental test for fertility. Conventional semen analysis was evaluated according to the WHO standard normal(l980). The detailed classification of the abnormal sperm was made according to David et al(l975). The vitality of the sperm samples determined by eosin yellow-nigrosin stainig according to the method of Eliasson(l977). Results were as follw; 1. The patients had significantly lower total sperm count, motility (%), normal morphology (%), viability and total functional sperm fractions(TFSF) than fertile donors. 2. The mean value of sperm penetration distance of the patients(28.69${\pm}$11.02mm) showed significantly lower than fertile donors(37.33${\pm}$5.49mm). And 43/45 fertile donors(95.5%) as well as 57/122 patients(46.7%) had over 30mm in sperm penetration distance respectively. While 2/45 fertile donors(4.5 %) and 65/122 patient(53.3%) had under 30mm in sperm penetration distance respectively. 3. The morphological abnormalities in fertile donors were significantly lower 23.04${\pm}$5.83% (head = 12.89${\pm}$4.98, neck=6.11${\pm}$3.83%, and tail=3.43${\pm}$2.65%), compared to 36.03${\pm}$14. 40% in patients(head = 15.98 8.60%, neck 11.20${\pm}$6.56% and tail=8.70${\pm}$6.55%). Also, 3 types of sperm abnormalities including head, neck and tail were significantly lower in patient than fertile donors, respectively. Both the patients and fertile donors showed higher distribution of sperm with abnormal head than abnormal neck and tail. 4. The mean morphological abnormalities(SP>30mm) of the patients(30.68 11.64%; head = 15.95${\pm}$9.35%, neck=8.14${\pm}$4.21 %, tail=6.56${\pm}$5.64%) were significantly lower compared to patients(40.72${\pm}$15.01 %; head=16.02${\pm}$7.69%, neck 13.89${\pm}$7.82%, tail=1O.58${\pm}$6.75%) under 30mm in sperm penetration distance. Also, both groups over 30mm and under 30mm in sperm penetration showed distance higher distribution of sperm with abnormal head than abnormal neck and tail. The morphological abnormalities of head did not show significant difference but abnormal neck and tail were significant difference between the over 30mm and under 30mm group in sperm penetration distance.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.607-616
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• 2006

Molecular characterization of ten marine cyanobacterial isolates belonging to the order Oscillatoriales was carried out using the phycocyanin locus (cpcBA-IGS) and the 16S-23S internally transcribed spacer region. DNA sequences from the phycocyanin operon discriminated ten genotypes, which corresponded to seven morphotypes identified by traditional microscopic analysis. The cpcB coding region revealed 17% nucleotide variation, while cpcA exhibited 29% variation across the studied species. Phylogenetic analyses support the conclusion that the Phormidium and Leptolyngbya genera are not monophyletic. The nucleotide variations were heterogeneously distributed with no or minimal informative nucleotides. Our results suggest that the discriminatory power of the phycocyanin region varies across the cyanobacterial species and strains. The DNA sequence analysis of the 16S-23S internally transcribed spacer region also supports the polyphyletic nature of the studied oscillatorian cyanobacteria. This study demonstrated that morphologically very similar strains might differ genotypically. Thus, molecular approaches comprising different gene regions in combination with morphological criteria may provide better taxonomical resolution of the order Oscillatoriales.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.245-255
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• 2014

To collect the diatom species belonging to the genus Hantzschia, bottom sediments were collected from 32 sampling sites in 23 sand-flat areas in the intertidal zone and river reaches of Nakdong River estuary, Korea. The sand sediments contained a total of 19 species of genus Hantzschia, Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenberg) Grunow, H. amphioxys f. capitata O. Muller, H. baltica Simonsen, H. distinctepunctata (Hustedt) Hustedt, H. elegantula (Østrup) Witkowski et al., H. longiareolata Garcia-Baptista, H. marina (Donkin) Grunow, H. pseudomarina Hustedt, H. virgata (Roper) Grunow, H. virgata var. gracilis Hustedt, H. virgata var. kariana Grunow, H. virgata var. leptocephala Østrup and H. weyprechtii Grunow, including six unconfirmed species. Eleven Hantzschia species are reported as new to Korea. Hantzschia virgata, its infraspecies, and neighboring speceis showed large morphological variations within a single species or among the closely related species. Hantzschia amphioxys, H. distinctepunctata, and H. virgata var. leptocephala prefer freshwater habitats in the upper reaches of the river, while others occurred mainly in the sand flats composed of coarse sand in the intertidal area. In the estuarine sediments, the Hantzschia taxa are classified to be typical sand-attached forms.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.64-82
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• 2017

Two species of the minuta-subgroup within the oncaeid copepod genus Triconia $B{\ddot{o}}ttger$-Schnack, 1999 collected in the equatorial Pacific Ocean are newly recorded. A female T. minuta (Giesbrecht, 1893 ["1892"]) and both male and female T. umerus ($B{\ddot{o}}ttger$-Schnack and Boxshall, 1990) from the northeast equatorial Pacific are redescribed with the comparison of its morphological details, which differs from previous studies, in terms of the larger body size, the length to width ratio of the genital double-somite, the relative length of the outer basal seta on P5, and the ornamentation of the appendages. The characters, which are used for identification, such as the length ratio of the outer subdistal and outer spine versus the distal spine on P3-P4, and the outer spine length of the middle exopodal segment on P3 and P4 are reported for the first time. Information on the variations in the endopodal spine lengths of swimming legs 2-4 is also provided for T. minuta and T. umerus, with the summary of the wide zoogeographical distribution of these two species.

• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2004

Since cultural eutrophication has the detrimental effects on estuarine and coastal ecosystems, recognition of early stage of nutrient over-enrichment is critical for effective managements of the ecosystems. Since released nutrients into coastal ecosystems are diluted and dissipated through tidal action and rapid uptakes by marine plants, monitoring of in situ nutrient concentrations may not be useful for detecting early eutrophication on coastal and estuarine ecosystems. To develop an effective indicator of cultural eutrophication using marine plants, tissue N content and area normalized leaf mass of eelgrass, Zostera marina were examined in Kosung Bay and Koje Bay on the south coast of Korea from June 2001 to April 2003. Eelgrass tissue N content exhibited obvious seasonal variations. Leaf N content was highest during winter and early spring and lowest during summer. Eelgrass tissue N content was higher at Kosung Bay site, which has higher sediment organic content, than at Koje Bay site. Area normalized leaf mass showed reverse trend of leaf N content, and consequently, eelgrass leaf N content and leaf mass exhibited strong negative correlation at both study sites. The results of the present study suggested that the ratio of eelgrass leaf N content to area normalized leaf mass can be applied to assess environmental nitrogen conditions on the coastal and estuarine ecosystems.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 2020

Peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the major fruit crops in South Korea, along with apple, persimmon, and Asian pears. Peach anthracnose is a continuing threat to growers and is accountable for enormous economic loss. In July 2018, anthracnose of peach appeared at different peach orchards in Gyeongsangbuk-do region, Korea. The typical anthracnose symptoms (brown, circular, and necrotic lesions) were observed on the fruits. Anthracnose of peach was surveyed in different peach orchards of Gyeongsangbuk-do, and 20 fungal isolates from 19 diseased fruits were collected. Multigene phylogenetic analyses coupled with morphological characteristic analysis approaches were used for identifying the fungal species isolated from diseased fruits. This study confirmed three Colletotrichum species. Based on the results, Colletotrichum siamense are reported for the first time as causal agents of peach anthracnose alongside C. fructicola and C. fioriniae, which has been reported previously. Pathogenicity assays were performed for the three isolates representing all the species identified, and Koch's postulates on detached healthy peach fruits were verified. All the identified species were pathogenic on peach fruits as the typical anthracnose symptoms were reproduced. Significant variations in the virulence were observed among fungal species on peach fruit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1057-1060
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• 2004

In this study, the wear characteristics of five different dental composite resins cured by conventional halogen light and LED light sources were investigated. Five different dental composite resins of Surefil, Z100, Dyract AP, Fuji II LC and Compoglass were worn against a zirconia ceramic ball using a pin-on-disk type wear tester with 15 N contact force in a reciprocal sliding motion with sliding distance of 10 mm/cycle at 1Hz under the room temperature dry condition. The wear variations of dental composite resins were linearly increased as the number of cycles increased. It was observed that the wear resistances of these specimens were in the order of Dyract AP ＆gt; Surefil ＆gt; Compoglass ＆gt; Z100 ＆gt; Fuji II LC. On the morphological observations by SEM, the large crack formation on the sliding track of Fuji II LC specimen was the greatest among all resin composites. Dyract AP showed the least wear with few surface damage. There is no significant difference in wear performance between conventional halogen light curing and light emitting diodes curing sources. It indicates that a light emitting diodes (LED) source can replace a halogen light source as a curing unit for composite resin restorations.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.445-449
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• 2006

Objective : The accurate anatomy of the facial nerve is essential for successful surgical outcome. The purpose of the present study is to know such information on the facial nerve from a series of specimens. Methods : This study is based on cadaveric dissection of 41 Korean fetus and stillborn infant and describes anatomical variations of the peripheral branches of the facial nerve that pose a importance in a number of neruosurgical procedure. Results : The branching patterns were classified into six types according to modified Davis classification : the frequencies of occurrence were : type I, 4.9%; type II, 24.4%; type III, 34.1%; type IV, 19.5%; type V, 12.2%; and type VI, 4.9%. Types II, III and IV together accounted for almost 80% of the specimens. Conclusion : Compared to previous adult and western stillborn fetus cadaveric studies, there was no significant difference in the percentage of the types between the subjects in the present study, similar pattern and anatomic distribution.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.83-89
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• 2002

Butea monosperma Kuntze, commonly known as 'Palash', is employed in various indigenous systems of medicine against several diseases and almost every part of the plant has diversified medicinal properties. The seeds are used as anthelmintic, aperient, digesti and to treat piles, skin diseases and abdominal troubles. They also have the property of reducing 'Kapha' and 'Vata' (in Ayurveda). In the present paper a detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of seeds has been undertaken. The study includes macro- and micro-scopical details, fluorescence powder study and HPTLC fingerprinting. The seed is characterized by finely ridged seed coat and palisade-like malpighian cells, discontinuous transparent linea lucida in upper half of malpighian layer and simple & oblong hilum. The study also concludes that the seed samples procured from different places have similar morphological and physico-chemical characteristics. These observations are also supported by similar TLC profiles. The estimation of heavy metals (to detect permissible toxic limits), and fatty acid composition have been carried out. An attempt has also been made to see the ecological and edaphic variations, if any.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.E3
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• pp.107-113
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• 2005

Using a sampling device of our own making, airborne pollen has been monitored in Kyoto, Japan from the middle of February to the end of May 2004. From the morphological analysis of pollen grains by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), it was possible to identify some pollen types like Cryptomeria, Pine, Alder, Cyclobalanopsis, Chamaecyparis, and Equisetum. Daily average airborne pollen counts show strong variations from the day to day which makes the appropriate daily forecasts that could be of practical use for patients difficult. Diurnal variation of airborne pollen grains at our local sampling site is very irregular and shows no similarity between pollen types. The highest concentrations of Cryptomeria and Alder pollens in the south -west wind directions might be attributed to the airborne pollen transport, while the increase in Pine pollen grain in the southern wind direction was probably due to the local spread. Prevailing wind direction (SW) during the pollinating periods of Cryptomeria and Alder pollens could suggest a long-distance transport from a distant mountain.