• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 2009

In general, the root color of Codonopsis lanceolata is white, but red or blue-colored root is found at a low frequency in nature. Red or blue-colored roots have scarcity value, thus farmers wish to produce colored roots. The factors for determining the color of roots are unclear whether the color is controlled by genetically or simply by environmentally such as soil environment. Using in vitro culture system which is advantageous for setting of the same culture condition, we analyzed the physiological and morphological characteristics and genetic differences among red-, blue- and white lines of C. lanceolata. In the red colored roots, stems of in vitro cultured plantlet were colored in dark red pigment. Histological analysis revealed that the red pigment was accumulated in the outer cortex layer of the stem and determined as anthocyanin. Chlorophyll contents in red root lines were higher than those in white- and blue root lines. Plantlets from red roots were smaller in both shoot length and total leaf area than those from white- and blue roots. Genetic differences among the three different colored C. lanceolata were determined by RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis. Each line of colored roots had clear DNA polymorphism. These results indicate that the occurrence of red- and blue colored roots in nature was determined by genetic factors rather than soil enviromental conditions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.337-341
• /
• 2004

Morphological and genetic diversity of thirty nine safflower germplasm were collected and evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Stem length and seeding to flowering days of the safflower germplasm showed $26\~117cm\;and\;76\~179$ days of variation respectively. USA originated germplasm showed higher oil content as $39\%$, but that of Japanese showed lower as $26\%$. PCA made three different cluster groups according to some agronomic characteristics of safflower. Korea originated germplasm showed similar cluster group with that of collected from USA in the PCA of stem length. But in the seeding to flowering days, it showed similar cluster pattern with that of collected from Japan rather than USA. In the experiment of RAPD analysis, total five primers showed polymorphism at the several chromosomal loci. Korea, China Japan and South Central Asia originated germplasm were differently classified with USA and South West Asia originated germplasm with lower similarity coefficient value (0.47). Most of Korea originated germplasm were grouped with South Central Asia originated germplasm with higher similarity coefficient value (0.74) conferring similar genetic background between both of them. China and Japan originated germplasm were dendrogramed with Korea originated germplasm at the 0.65 and 0.50 similarity coefficient values respectively. Some common results were expected from both of PCA and RAPD analysis, but lower genetic heritability caused by relative higher portion of environmental variance and environment by genotype interaction at the expression of those of agronomic characteristics made constraint to find any reliable results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.3391-3394
• /
• 2016

Background: Helicobacter pylori is now recognized as a causative factor of chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma. Toll-like receptors are important bacterial receptors in gastric epithelial cell signaling transduction and play critical roles in gastric carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy for investigation of chronic abdominal pain were genotyped for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR1 (rs4833095) using TagMan SNPs genotyping assay by real-time PCR hybridization. Relationships with susceptibility to H. pylori infection and pre-malignant gastric mucosa morphological patterns, classified by magnifying NBI endoscopy, were investigated. Results: The percentages of TLR1 rs4833095, CC homozygous, CT heterozygous and TT homozygous cases were 34, 46.5 and 19%, respectively. CC showed statistical differences between H. pylori positive and negative cases (P<0.001). CT and TT correlated with type 1 and type 2 gastric mucosal morphological patterns (P <0.01) whereas CC correlated with types 3 and 4 (P<0.01). Conclusions: This study demonstrated good correlation of TLR1 rs4833095 genotype with severity of inflammation in H. pylori infected gastric mucosa according to gastric mucosal morphologic patterns with magnifying NBI endoscopy.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to identify the genetic diversity of Penicillium isolates that were isolated from pears with postharvest decay in storage. URP-PCR was used to detect DNA diversity of 84 Penicillium isolates. Based on URP-PCR profiles, 18 Penicillium isolates were selected and their PCR polymorphic bands were produced by additional primers URP1F, URP2R, URP2F, and URP4R. UPGMA cluster analysis using the polymorphic bands showed four clustered groups and futhermore cultural and morphological features characterized the 18 Penicillium isolates. Group 1 was dominant, which occupies 70% in the four clustered groups and identified as P. expansum based on ITS sequence and morphological features.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2000

The sweetpotato whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius), were found recently in Korea on Glycine max, Euphorbia pulcherrima, and Rosa hybrida. The biotype identity of Bemisia tabaci in Korea was determined by several DNA markers including the random amplified polymorphic DNAs, and restriction fragments length polymorphism of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes. The electromorph profiles of DNA fragments from the rose(Jincheon) and poinsettia(Seoul) populations in Korea are both identical to those of B biotypes distributed in Australia, Israel, and Japan. The populations of B. tabaci collected on Glycine max, Ipomea batatas, and Perilla frutescens in different localities retained the same DNA markes with the population from Lonicera japonica and shikoku of Japan. These populations are non-B biotype and considered as an indigenous type in the Far Eastern Asia Region including Korea and Japan, Morphological Characteristics of B. Tabaci were also observed by the scanning electron microscope and described with the comparison to the other important whitefly pest, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.277-282
• /
• 1997

The only observed morphological difference between Spirometra erinqsei and S. mcnsonoides is the uterine shape of the mature proglottid. Two species of worms are thought to be evolutionarily closely related. Biomolecular colnparison of the ho worms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was conducted to observe the genetic distance. The 285 rDNA, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mCOI), and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITSI) fragments were obtained from the worms by PCR. The PCR products were cleaved by 5 four-base pair restriction enzyme combinations (Msp I, Hae III, Alu I, Cfo I, Rsa I) , electrophoresed and analyzed with PAUP 3.1.1. The fragment Patterns or 285 rDNA and Lni demonstrated that two worms were in identical systematic tree with bootstrap number 94 and 100, respectively As for mCOI, bootstrap number was 74 in a different tree. Above results are indicative of recent common ancestry between S. etinocei and S. mansonoides.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.31-35
• /
• 2004

The genetic variation and intraspecific relationships between 10 individuals of seven cultivars and one Ulleungdo native of Wasabia japonica were investigated using RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis. The 21 primers out of 50 random primers were amplified for all tested plants. The 68 (47.2%) among 144 bands derived from 21 primers showed polymorphism, and 3.2 bands per primer were observed. Number of bands per primer was ranged from 2 to 13, and average numbers were 6.8. The phenograms for 11 analyzed individuals by RAPD markers were not matched well with those of the result by morphological characters since they were clustered monophyletic at the similarity coefficient value ranged from 0.81 to 0.96. The Ulleungdo native individual was clustered sister to Daruma, Simanesairal, Sawa, and Hujidaruma cultivars. The RAPD markers were not useful to evaluate the intraspecific variations in Wasabia japonica cultivars, therefore need to more specific molecular phylogenetic characters such as AFLP technology and gene sequence of nuclear and chloroplast DNA.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.236-242
• /
• 2016

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating diseases in major Solanaceae crops. The pathogen is easily disseminated and survives for many years in plant farming system. Although chemicals are applied to control the disease, they are of limited efficacy and cause several problems. Therefore, the use of phage therapy has been suggested to control the disease as a biological agent. In this study, we discovered bacteriophages lysing diverse Ralstonia isolates from plant and soil samples obtained from the potato cultivated field in Jeju. Three times repeated pickings of plaques resulted in obtaining 173 single phages showing diverse spectrum of host-specificity. With the results, 12 core phages were selected and dendrogram was generated. Genetic diversity of the selected phages was also confirmed by AFLP (Amplified Fragment of Length Polymorphism) fingerprinting. The stability of the phages was investigated in various temperatures and various conditions of pH in vitro. The phages were stable at $16^{\circ}C-44^{\circ}C$ and pH 6-10. Morphological characterization of the phages revealed they were all classified into the Podoviridae, but had diverse head sizes. The results of this research will contribute to control the disease and further researches regarding genetic and molecular aspects will facilitate understanding phage and bacteria interaction.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.341-343
• /
• 2001

Molecular markers have become fundamental tools for crop genome study. The objective of this study was to construct a genetic linkage map for cowpea with PCR-based molecular markers. Five hundred and twenty random RAPD primers were screened for parental polymorphism. Ninety RAPD markers from sixty primers was segregated in 75 F2 mapping population derived from the cross of local cultivars GSC01 and GSC02. 70 RAPD markers were found to be genetically linked and formed 11 linkage groups. Linkage map spanned 474.1 cM across all 11 linkage groups. There are six linkage groups of 40 cM or more, and five smaller linkage groups range from 4.9 to 24.8 cM. The average linkage distance between pairs of markers among all linkage groups was 6.87 cM. The number of markers per linkage group ranged from 2 to 32. The longest group 1 spans 190.6 cM, while the length of shortest group 11 is 4.9 cM. This map is further needed to be saturated with the various markers such as RFLP, AFLP, SSR and more various populations and primers. In addition, morphological markers and biochemical markers should be united to construct a comprehensive linkage map.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.225-233
• /
• 2022

Pyogo (Shiitake, Lentinula edodes) is one of the most important edible mushrooms because of its outstanding nutritive and medicinal value. In the registration and protection procedure for newly developed mushroom cultivars, the application of molecular markers that can supplement the morphological characteristic-based distinction has been strongly requested. Sanjo 701 and Chamaram, newly developed at the Federation Forest Mushroom Research Center of Korea, have been characterized as innovative cultivars suitable for customer demands because of their high yields and cultivation rates. However, no technical tools can protect the rights to these important cultivars. In this study, using comparative genomic information from 23 commercially available pyogo cultivars, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that accurately differentiated Sanjo701 and Chamaram from the other cultivars. We also developed high-resolution melting analysis (HRM)-based SNP markers that discriminate among the tested 23 pyogo cultivars. The developed SNP markers can be utilized for rapid, accurate identification of pyogo cultivars with low genetic diversity and to prevent cultivar contamination caused by illegally distributed inocula. In addition, these markers can serve as a crucial scientific basis for securing the right to conserve new cultivars in international markets.