• 디자인학연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2000

이 논문은 21세기의 자동차 디자인에 요구되어지는 디자인의 정신성을 씨티 커뮤터(City Commuter) 자동차를 중심으로 고찰한 것이다. 먼저 지난 한 세기의 자동차 디자인 변천에 대한 정리를 통해 자동차 조형 변화의 흐름을 정리하였다. 자동차가 발명된 이후 인간 생활의 질적 향상을 가져다준 많은 플러스 요인들이 있었음에도 불구하고 자동차로 인해 인간다운 생활에 위협을 주는 역기능이 동시에 존재하고 있음을 상기함으로서 21세기의 자동차는 더 이상 인간의 삶에 위협이 되거나 지구 환경오염의 주범이 되어서는 안 된다는 점을 강조하였다. 2000년대 초기의 자동차 개발 방향의 핵심인 복고디자인, 하이브리드 그리고 소형자동차의 개발은 과연 이러한 요구에 합당한 것인가라는 질문을 전제로 운송시스템과의 연계 수단이 될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 가장 인간과 환경에 친화적인 컨셉트인 씨티커뮤터(City Commuter) 자동차에 대한 개발 및 연구 사례를 비교하였다. 이를 통해 환경과 자동차, 인간과 자동차의 관계성에 내재되어야 할 디자인의 정신성과 자동차의 지속 발전에 필요한 디자인 고려 사항들을 정리하였다. 본 논문은 자동차 디자인의 구체적인 스타일에 대한 방향을 제시하기보다는 자동차가 21세기에도 지속 가능한 제품으로서 인간 생활의 편익을 지속 증대시키기 위해서 환경과 인간성 회복에 대한 디자이너의 윤리와 사명이 자동차 디자인의 활동과 교육의 중심이 되어야한다는 것을 강조하기 위한 것이다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.20-33
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to afford basic data for planning a program to strategically prevent adolescent sexual violence by clarifying the concept of sexual violence in adolescence and investigating factors influencing the adolescent attitudes towards sexual violence. Subjects of the study were 288 adolescents between the ages of 14 to 21, living in K city in Chungnam Province. The data was collected for this study between May 30 and June 13, 2001. For this study, the following materials were used as instruments: the types of attitudes toward sexual violence developed by Nam, S. Y.(2000), the antisocial personality by Min, B. K., Choi, S. J., & Lee, G. H.(1978), the self-esteem developed by Rosenberg(1965) and interpreted by Jeon, B. J.(1974), the family support developed by Cobb(1976), the stereotyped sex role and the attitude on sexuality by Kim, E. J.(1997). The data was analyzed, using SPSS 7.5 for Windows Program, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and discriminant analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Adolescents of the first type, ones blaming social morals, amounted to 34.7%(100 subjects), the second type, ones blaming the victims, amounted to 22.3%(64 subjects), the third type, ones claiming reform of consciousness, amounted to 25.3%(73 subjects), and the fourth type, ones coping actively, amounted to 17.7%(51 subjects). 2. Attitudes toward sexual violence were influenced a great deal by the sex of the subject. 3. The study revealed that various types of the attitudes toward sexual violence was significantly different from one another, related to antisocial personality(F=2.80, P=.04). Especially the first type and the third type were most different from each other. The latter showed the antisocial personality strongly, compared with the former. 4. Discriminant analysis revealed that the most powerful predictors of attitudes toward sexual violence were the sex of the subject and whether or not they had an antisocial personality. 5. The degree of possibility of identifying a risk group of adolescents was 45.9% and the possibility of identifying a non-risk group was 73.3%. The hit ratio was 67.8%. In conclusion, the results of the study lead us to understand the type of adolescent attitudes toward sexual violence. The results will be useful to furnish a guideline for nursing intervention and education programs to prevent sexual violence in adolescence.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1998

As for the taboo of dress and its ornaments which was applied to only populace one-sidedly mainly under the power structure of feudalistic centralization of government like Chosun dynasty, the aspect of taboo was diversified all the more by having relation with various phenomenon of social structure characteristics, and the taboo items to be given in accordance with the flow of time shows the diversity. Especially, the structure of dress and its ornaments in Chosun period showed the side of social position relation and luxury control, and the taboo of dress and its ornaments which was derived from the current thought about China was given frequently. To respect the frugal virtue and moderate the life has relation with the stream of the times in individuals or nations. And, that it is externalized is dress and its ornaments. As the luxury about dress and its ornaments was serious in accordance with times, it appeared by having relation with whole economic question of nations. Then, this researcher thought this by relating this to the culture of customs. This researcher thought that the luxury about clothing gets to go to extremes and the law and order collapses, according as public morals get to be very lax. And, it can be said that the way to be able to control this is that the customs should be thoroughly obeyed and that the system to be able to play the role of braking is taboo. So, this researcher thinks that it is significant to examine the achievement which has contributed toward the life of dress and its ornaments by successive kinds on the basis of a true record of the Vidynasty and other all sorts of literatures about the real situation of prohibition order which has been from the first king to Kojong at the last period of nation. The criticism and taboo about luxury which have been discussed at Chosun period may be subdivided into some kinds in accordance with the subjects. But, in this tests, as it sis the real situation that the case to be due to the lavish necessary articles for marriage which is coming to fore as our social problem nowadays is increasing remarkably, this researcher tries to examine the taboo about the marriage luxury at Chosun period in the order of successive generations. Thus, before examining the taboo of marriage luxury, this researcher tries to examine about the taboo of textile luxury and study the taboo of marriage luxury, as the marriage luxury governs almost everything of textile luxury and it is regarded as the origin of marriage luxury, especially. And, this researcher tries to study as to how was the penal regulations based on it at the same time.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제38권
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• pp.183-210
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• 2007

본 연구는 기존 공정성 연구에서 소홀하게 취급됐던 언론의 일반 수용자 시각에서 공정성에 접근하고자 하는 탐색적 시도이다. 본 연구는 공정성 개념의 경험적 탐구라는 측면에서 일반 언론 수용자를 대상으로 (불)공정성 개념의 의미를 구체적으로 탐색하여 기존의 개념 혹은 전문인에 의해 구축되었던 개념과의 비교를 시도했다. 또한 일반 수용자 개념 구성의 특성과 시사점이 검토되었다. 본 연구를 위해서 서울지역 300명의 성인을 대상으로 591개 언론의 불공정한 사례를 모아 분석한 결과 수용자들이 느끼는 가장 심각한 불공정은 언론이 중립적이지 못하다는 것과 더불어 진실성과 균형성에 문제가 있음을 지적하였다. 연구 결과 기존의 개념적 구성과는 달리 일반 수용자들은 언론의 윤리성과 상업성이 불공정성의 요소가 될 수 있다는 점을 제기한 반면, 기존 연구에서 이론적으로 중요한 개념적 구성요소였던 독립성과 적절성은 수용자들에게 별로 중요한 의미를 갖지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 연구 결과를 토대로 언론의 일반 수용자에게 언론의 공정성은 어떤 의미를 가지며 그들이 공정성을 평가하는 데 있어 어떠한 범주들이 영향을 미치고 있는지가 검토되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2000

The propose of the study is to try to support the practice of caring suitable for our cultural emotion by cognating the meaning of caring related to health which is melted in korean culture. Concrete purposes were as followings; to first, confirm the caring of civilian in Kangwon-do, to secondly search the caring in the traditional culture idea, and to thirdly present the conceptual frame about the caring. The methodology of this research is the ethnography to use the depth interview and the participative observation. The geographical area of this research was in Wichon-ri, Songsan- myon, Study participants were, 6men and 18women, totally 24 persons. Their average age was 72.6 years old. The period of data collection was from January, 1998 to April, 1999, which original data became saturation. Data collection was done after accept allowance of the participants, their stories were recorded in cassettee, by the way of the Spradley analysis was applied and adjusted. The results which was analyized as domain, category and property were as following; First, the category was the life serving other persons, which is the for mind, the benefiting one, the comprehensive one, the respective one, on soon. Second, the category was the controling life, and its property was the moderate mind, that is, vegetables were tried to be fed moderately, pleasantly and comfortable. Thirdly, the category was the eagerness life, and the properties were diligent mind, and mind which accomplished the complete resposibility. Fourth, the category was a happy life, and the properties were positive mind, satisfying one, thankful one, one of their ancestors benefit, and supplicatory one. Fifth, the category was the accepting life, and the properties were the submissive mind, resign one. Sixth, the category was the joint life all together and the properties were the harmonized mind, and the mutual helping one. Seventh, the category was the ruling life, and the properties were the pure mind, the ones which controls the body, the mind, the nature; which could surely confirmed the source of the life that lived with the nature, the native idea of our people. Eighth, the category was the retaining life, and the properties were the inherits the native custom, and the one that keep public morals. According to the result of examining the caring in ethnography, the general caring was performed the conceptual frame about the caring which is related to health was found in the principle of consideration, harmony, compliance, and transcendence.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural pattern of nurses' pain management with patients who experience pain. As a research method, the Q methodology, which is useful for an objective view of a highly abstract concept, was applied. The data collecting activity of this study was from August, 21st, 2000 to November, 24th 2000. The Q-population, the previous thesis and a literature review were done. Questions about pain management by the nurse on the patients, caregivers, nursing students, doctors, nurses, and others were asked in documentary work and in-depth interviews. In all, 223 units of the Q-population were formed, and the last 35 units of the Q-population were extracted. The data on the P-sample was collected from 41 nurses who worked in the medical and surgical units of a hospital that belonges to C university in Seoul. The research results were constituted in 3 types. Type I was the 'pattern of judging by objectivity'. The statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown by 'If patients said that they are suffering from pain, we sufficiently performed an assessment about the etiology, location, duration and degree'. For type I, the same pain was found in different locations according to the patients, so the etiology of the pain should be identified first place. Since ways of coping are different according to pain etiology, it was thought that it is important to assess sufficiently the pain etiology, location, duration, and degree. Therefore, when patients complain of pain, the pain etiology should be identified and assessed; according to the result, pain management should be performed systematically. Type II was the 'pattern of accepting by subjectivity'. The statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown as 'If patients said that they are suffering from pain, the medical treatment should be performed rapidly and speedily.' For type II, when the patient complains of pain, treatment should be performed quickly in order to prevent the condition getting worse, and it is thought that activity is a reasonable duty. Further, by trying to show empathy after pain is admitted and by understanding and coping rapidly with the pain of patients, an attitude which matched the altruistic morals of nurses is being shown. Type III was the 'pattern of worrying about', and the statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown is 'When there is a pain, to help patients to tolerate the pain to the highest degree.' In type III, the pain is a subjective expression, so there is a difference according to every individual. Therefore, actually if there is no measurement of pain, it could be exaggerated so nurses should help patients to tolerate it to the utmost. Even if there is a way to remove pain without an analgesic drug, nurses were reluctant to perform pain management as they possibly could. Through these research results, pain management of nurses was classified in 3 types, and structural characteristics in each type were discovered. Based upon the characteristics according to the type, an individualized pain management intervention strategy should be established and the follow up work performed.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.33-68
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to survey the influence of the culture change on the dress and personal adornments, and to survey the change of factors from the August 15. 1945 to 1960, in connection with the social and cultural background, applying B. Malinowski′s "Theory of Culture Change" which means an acculturation is the change′s elements of the dress and its ornaments. It is remarkable that the dress and personal adornments of Korean women after August 15, 1945 has great change from the traditional dress of the thousands years. Through the Liveration on August 15, 1945, American military government and the establishment of the Korean government, American democracy has brought many changes on Korean society. Advancement of education, an society with developed economic life, and introduction of scientific skill have influenced on the women′s way of thinking and a style of behavior and the view of value. The acculturation, the supply of mass communication, introduction of new institution and the reorganization of the old institution, the change of the economic situation, the change of the educational system, the change of the point of value, the development of scientific skill have greatly influenced on the dress and personal adornments. Modern dress and personal adornments of Korean women has the following developing procedure. The Liberation from Japan on the 15th, of August, 1945, the stationing of American Soldiers during hte Koran War, returning of the oversea′s brethern, and the mass communication have the direct and indirect contact with western civilization, and bring the occasion of development of the modern dress of Korean women. The increase of mass communication, such as radio, TV, newspaper, magazines and the frequent fashion shows showed fine design and practical western style dress to the women. This was the real beginning of the western style dress in Korea. By the increase of employment and the improvement of the economic situation, the consumption of clothing and the adornments was increased, so that a wide variety of fashions was set, and numerous kind and form of dress came in. As the increase of the number of women students, their practical and free dress life demanded western style dress. After the Liberation from Japan, the open-door policy of sex, public morals and traditional ethics became lax, and in this disordered society, indecent expose of the body was common. By the different kind of technological development, the form, fabrics, colors and patterns in clothes were much influenced and the hair style, make up, shoes and adornments were much influenced too. As shown above, the change of the dress has the same connection with that of society and culture. This shows that the dress and personal adornments represent clearly the cultural phenomenon of the society and cultural change of the society.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2009

본 논문은 국가기술자격의 관할영역에 대한 원칙을 설정하는 연구로써 국가기술자격으로 운영할 자격에 대한 기준 설정을 목적으로 한다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 국가와 민간의 역할 분담, 델파이 조사를 통하여 국가기술자격의 관할영역 설정방향 등을 살펴보았다. 연구방법으로는 문헌연구, 델파이 조사, 전문가 협의회, 면담조사 등의 방법을 활용하였다. 연구를 통해 제시된 국가기술자격에 대한 관할영역 기준(안)은 5가지이다. 첫째, 사회질서에 반하거나 선량한 풍속을 해할 우려가 있는 분야, 둘째, 국민의 생명 건강 안전에 직결되거나 고도의 윤리성이 요구되는 분야, 셋째, 국가적으로 인력양성이 필요한 분야로 민간차원에서 접근이 어렵거나 국가가 담당할 필요가 있는 분야, 넷째, 전통문화 자원의 유지보수에 필요한 분야이나 민간참여가 어려운 분야, 다섯째, 국가 간 관계에서 자국의 이익이 보호되어야 하는 분야이다. 또한 5가지 기준에 대한 구체적 세부기준도 제시하였다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.79-93
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• 2009

본 연구는 테마파크에서 식음료서비스 품질과 가격이 테마파크를 방문한 고객의 만족도와 재방문의도에 미치는 요인들을 실증 분석을 통하여 파악함으로써 테마파크 고객에게 영향을 미치는 서비스 품질의 속성과 상관관계를 연구하여 테마파크의 수익성을 증가시키는 길을 제시하고자 한다. 연구내용을 요약하면 본 연구는 식음료서비스 품질과 테마파크를 방문한 고객만족도의 영향관계를 파악했다는데 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 테마파크의 전체매출액의 약 20%정도를 차지하고 있는 식음료의 부분의 서비스 품질과 판매가격은 서로 연관성이 있으며 테마파크 입장객 만족도와 재방문 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 이는 테마파크의 수익성증대와 고객의 만족도 상승으로 고객의 재방문율을 높이기 위해서 식음료 서비스품질을 높이고 품질에 바탕을 둔 합리적인 가격 결정이 필요함을 의미한다. 서비스 품질을 높이기 위한 품질 요인 중 가장 중요한 요인은 종업원이 고객에 도움을 주려는 마음자세 즉 서비스 정신이다. 이를 위해서 종업원의 사기 진작을 위한 교육 및 훈련을 통하여 구성원들의 사기를 증진시키고 서비스정신으로 무장된 종업원으로 탈바꿈시키기 위한 조치들이 필요하다. 이렇게 하여 서비스품질을 높임으로써 식음료 상품을 통한 고객만족과 고객의 재방문 의도를 높일 수 있다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.150-167
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• 2001

This cross sectional study was done to find out the situation of computer online pornography access by 4th to 6th grade elementary school students. The subjects of this study were three elementary schools in Andong, which were selected randomly and 120 students randomly selected from 4th to 6th grade for a total of 360 students. The questionnaire was composed with the help of a community health nursing professor and through the reference review. The collected data were analysed by a PC SPSS 10.0 according to school grade and sex, an 12-test was implemented to learn what percent of students have computers and software which prohibit the viewing of online pornography, access motivation and time, content viewed, attitude after accessing the contents, and opinions about computer online pornography. The results of this study were as follows. 1. A total of 86.1% of students had computers at home. Most students placed computers in their own room, 78.9% of students had computer online communication experience. Higher grade students tended to have more experience of communications on the internet (P<0.001). Most students chatted on the internet once or twice a week and higher grade students tended to communicate online more frequently. (P<0.001). Most students used computers more than one hour a day (P<0.05). They used computers according to the following priorities: game, studying, listening to music, communications, chatting. 2. Regarding the frequency of going computer online more than seven times per week, male students showed a higher frequency than female students (P<0.05). Male students used computers more than one hour a day and female students less than half an hour (P<0.001). Male students mostly used computers to play computer games. On the other hand. female students used the computer to study, listen to music, and chat (P<0.001). 3. Regarding software installation to prevent access of computer online pornography, a total of 19.4% of students responded they installed one. but 80.6% didn't have any, 20.3% of students had accessed pornography, 46.6% of students responded. they first get to know to the computer online pornography through friends. 4. The reasons for accessing computer online pornography were ranked as follows: curiosity, interest, to release stress, and sex drive (P<0.05). Obscene contents were found in computer games, pictures, and video. Among these, pictures were the most common. 5. Regarding students' attitude toward online pornography, most students responded that they took much pleasure in the contents (P<0.05). 6. Regarding the question 'Does online pornography degrade morals and cause a sex crime', most students responded as 'no'. They also responded positively to the suggestion that the contents would be effective in preventing sex crimes and to release stress. 74.7% of students responded that males' access of the contents as proper but females' access as immoral. Regarding social efforts to protect students from this harmful environment. most replied that those efforts were unnecessary (P<0.001).