• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1614-1621
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of graded levels of montmorillonite, a constituent of clay, on performance, hematological parameters and bone mineralization in weaned pigs. One hundred and twenty, 35-d-old crossbred pigs (Duroc${\times}$Large White${\times}$Landrace, $10.50{\pm}1.20$ kg) were used in a 28-d experiment and fed either an unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet or similar diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 or 5.0% montmorillonite added at the expense of wheat bran. Each treatment was replicated six times with four pigs (two barrows and two gilts) per replicate. Feed intake declined (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01) with increasing level of montmorillonite while feed conversion was improved (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01). Daily gain was unaffected by dietary treatment. Plasma myeloperoxidase declined linearly (p = 0.03) with increasing dietary level of montmorillonite. Plasma malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were quadratically affected (p<0.01) by montmorillonite with increases observed for pigs fed the 0.5 and 1.0% levels which then declined for pigs fed the 2.5 and 5.0% treatments. In bone, the content of potassium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese and magnesium were decreased (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01) in response to an increase of dietary montmorillonite. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of montmorillonite at levels as high as 5.0% does not result in overt toxicity but could induce potential oxidative damage and reduce bone mineralization in pigs.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제6권
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• pp.93-97
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• 1988

경수(硬水)나 오수(汚水)로부터 청정(淸淨)하고 안전(安全)한 음용수(飮用水)를 얻기 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 제공할 목적으로 한국산 점토광물(粘土鑛物)(Kaolinite, Montmorillonite)의 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性)과 이들에 의한 각종 양이온들의 경쟁흡착(競爭吸着)을 조사(調査)하였다. 양이온들간의 흡착력(吸着力)의 세기는 Kaolinite나 Montmorillonite의 두 점토광물(粘土鑛物) 공(共)히 $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ > $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ > $K^+$ > $Na^+$의 순(順)이었으며 Kerr의 공식에 의한 Montmorillonite에서의 양(陽)이온 선택성계수(選擇性系數)(K)는 $^KCa^{{+}{+}}/K$ > $^KMg^{{+}{+}}/K$, $^KCa^{{+}{+}}/Mg$ > $^KK^+/Mg$의 순(順)이었다. 한편 $Na^+$으로 포화(飽和)된 Montmorillonite의 경우 양(陽)이온의 흡착량(吸着量)이 가장 많았다. 따라서 경수(硬水)나 오수(汚水) 중의 각종 양(陽)이온들을 보다 효과적으로 제거(除去)하기 위해서는 Montmorillonite에 $Na^+$을 포화(飽和)시켜 사용하는 것이 바람직하다고 하겠다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2004

층간 양이은종이 다른 두 종류의 몬모릴로나이트에 대한 계면활성제의 흡착을 통해 몬모릴로나이트 표면에서 흡착거동하는 계면활성제의 시간적인 변화를 관찰하였다. 계면활성제의 미셀 농도를 다르게 하여 시간이 경과(0.1분～11일)함에 따라 몬모릴로나이트에 대한 계면활성제의 비평형 활동성을 관찰하였다. N몬모릴로나이트(SWy)는 Ca-몬모릴로나이트(Shz)와 비교했을 때 계면활성제가 몬모릴로나이트 충간에 보다 활동적으로 침투 및 흡착하였다. SWy의 층간간격은 반응초기부터 시간이 경과함에 따라 급격히 팽창하였지만, SAz의 경우에서는 반응 후반기에만 층간간격이 현저히 팽창되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 두 몬모릴로나이트의 서로 다른 평창특성은 부분적으로 자신들의 본질, 즉 몬모릴로나이트 내에 존재하는 무기양 이온들의 영향 때문인 것으로 보인다. 또한, 계면활성제의 미셀 농도는 유기-몬모릴로나이트의 발달, 즉 비평형 상태에서의 유기점토복합체 형성과 안정에 큰 영향을 끼치는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2018

Mobility reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was tested by amending monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and montmorillonite to a firing range soil contaminated with TNT. While addition of MKP enhanced sorption of TNT on soil matrix, and combined use of MKP with montmorillonite significantly decreased desorption of TNT as well as remarkably increased the TNT sorption. Montmorillonite amendment by 5% of soil mass resulted in TNT desorption of 0.12 mg/kg from soil loaded with 9.93 mg/kg-TNT. The decrease of TNT desorption was proportional to the amount of montmorillonite amended. At 10 and 15% amendment, only 0.79 and 1.23 mg/kg-TNT was desorbed from 29.33 and 48.80 mg/kg-TNT. In addition, the leaching of TNT with synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HPCD) decreased, indicating that TNT in MKP/montmorillonite-treated soil became more stable and less leachable. The results demonstrate that addition of MKP and montmorillonite to TNT-contaminated soil reduces the mobility of TNT from soil not only by increasing TNT sorption, but also decreasing TNT desorption. It was found that MKP and montmorillonite amendments by 5 and 10% of soil mass, respectively, were optimal for reducing the mobility of soil TNT.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.488-492
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• 1986

경북 원성군 감포 78에서 산출되는 벤토나이 중 몬모리노나이트를 분리하여 Ca, Mg-형을 NaCl용액으로 처리하여 Na-형 몬모리노나이트를 만들었다. 이때 가장 적당한 조건은 0.05M NaCl용액으로 80${\circ}C$에서 24시간 반응시켜 치환되는 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$량을 EDTA로 적정하여 양이온 교환 용량을 구하였다. Na-형에 $Ln^{3+}$이온용액과 같은 조건하에서 반응시켜 $Ln^{3+}$-형 몬모리노나이트를 만들었다. 치환되는 량은 $Ln^{3+}$이온들의 이온 크기에는 무관함을 알 수 있었고, X-선 회절 실험결과 순수한 몬모리노나이트를 얻을 수 있음을 밝혔고, 또한 $Ln^{3+}$형은 새로운 결정모양이 되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 단순한 틈새끼우기 반응이 아니 새로운 결정형이 생성됨을 알 수 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.292-295
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• 2004

Recently, polymer-clay hybrid materials have received considerable attention from both a fundamental research and application point of view. This organ-inorganic hybrid, which contains a nanoscale dispersion of the layered silicates, is a material with greatly improved thermal and mechanical characteristics. Two classes of nanocomposites were synthesized using an unsaturated polyester resin as the matrix and sodium montmorillonite as well as an organically modified montmorillonite as the reinforcing agents. X -ray diffraction pattern of the composites showed that the interlayer spacing of the modified montmorillonite were exfoliated in polymer matrix. The mechanical properties also supported these findings, since in general, tensile strength, modulus with modified montmorillonite were higher than the corresponding properties of the composites with unmodified montmorillonite. Adding organically modified clay improved the tensile strength of unsaturated polyester by $22\%$ and the tensile modulus of unsaturated polyester was also improved by $34\%$.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 1993

In this research, the organic tenside R11OSO3- with long alkyl-chain was synthesized, and the intercalationscomplexes fo montmorillonite were formed by the substitution of metallic cation in the montmorilonite by the synthesized organic tenside in following two methods, and the behaviors of the tenside R11OSO3- in the interlamellar space of montmorillonite were studied udner various conditions: 1) In order to protonize the sulfate group of R11OSO3-, the H3O-Montomorillonite, which acts as acid, was synthesized. And then, the organic tenside was intercalated in the interlamellar space of this H3O-Montomorillonite. And thus, the intercalations-complex of R11S-H3O-Montomorillonite was formed. The basal spacing obtained was about 33.84$\AA$. 2) The betaine compound R11OSO3- as a neutral molecule was direct intercalated in the interlamellar space of Na-Montmorillonite under water, and the intercalations-complexes of R11S-H2O-Montmorillonite was synthesized. In this case, the based spacing of bout 23.62$\AA$ was obtained.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2009

Sorption of $Ni^{2+}$ in aqueous solution was studied using montmorillonite. The experimental and equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. From the kinetics data for nickel sorption onto montmorillonite, the diffusion of $Ni^{2+}$ inside the clay particles was the dorminant step controlling the sorption rate and as such more important for $Ni^{2+}$ sorption than the external mass transfer. $Ni^{2+}$ was sorbed due to strong interactions with the active sites of the sorbent and the sorption process tends to follow the pseudo second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters (${\Delta}G^{\circ},\;{\Delta}H^{\circ},\;{\Delta}S^{\circ}$) indicated a non spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process while the positive low value of the entropy change suggests low randomness of the solid/solution interface during the uptake of $Ni^{2+}$ by montmorilionite. Heavy metals such as $Ni^{2+}$ in aqueous bodies can effectively be sorbed by montmorillonite.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.909-914
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• 1996

In this research [RCOOH]-$\varepsilon$-Caprolactam-Montmorillonite was synthesized by reaction between Na-Mont-morillonite (10-Carboxy-n-decyl)dimethylethylammonium (=RCCOH) ion and $\varepsilon$-Caprolactame-Motmorillonite ob-tained was 3.62$\AA$ After heat treatment of this intercalations complex at 37$^{\circ}C$ in high vacuum for 12 h 24 h, 40 h and 90 h the basal spacing was reduced to 35.8$\AA$, 34.2, 17.5 $\AA$ and 16.6$\AA$ respectively. The calculated amount of free $\varepsilon$-caprolactame included int he intercaltions complex and that of $\varepsilon$-caprolactame which is interca-lated into the interlayer space of montomorillonite and still remained after heat treatment are 4.6~4.9 and 0.5 molecules per unite cell of montmorillonite respectively.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2002

In this research an organic cation, [TEACOOH] Br, with a long alkyl chain was synthesized which will replace the metal ion between the layers of Na-Montmorillonite and an organophilic [TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex was formed by the cation exchange reaction between the Na-Montmorillonite and the synthesized [TEACOOH] Br. After drying of this intercalations complex in high vacuum we have tried to experiment on the probability whether it will form complexes with various swelling solutions such as dist. water, methano, ethanol, toluene, acetonitrile and propionitrile and the corresponding basal sp acings measured were $17.41{\AA}$, $31.90{AA}$, $34.42{AA}$, $30.52{AA}$ and $32.36{AA}$, respectively.