• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2003

This study was conducted to develop a precision measurement method of water content in soil (find sand and silty sand) using dual RF impedance changes. The electrically stable perpendicular plate capacitive sensor was fabricated and utilized to sense the water content in soil. Crystal oscillators of 5 and 20 MHz and related circuits were designed to detect the capacitance changes of a perpendicular plate capacitive sensor with soil samples at various volumetric water contents. A multiple regression model for volumetric water content having dual oscillation frequency changes at 5 and 20 MHz as independent variables resulted in coefficient of determination of 0.963 and standard error calibration of 0.030 cm$^3$/cm$^3$ for calibration and coefficient of determination of 0.966, standard error of prediction of 0.027 cm$^3$/cm$^3$ and bias of 0.001 cm$^3$/cm$^3$ for prediction.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 1992

츄잉껌을 일정한 온습도 조건에 저장하면서 저장중 수분함량과 품질변화를 고찰함으로 유통 저장중 품질수명을 결정하는 품질지표를 밝히고 shelf-life를 예측하기 위한 기초자료로서 상품적 가치가 인정되는 관능적 품질 및 기계적 물성을 측정하였다. 츄잉껌의 초기 수분함량은 2.57%(dry basis), 탈습곡선으로부터 구한 BET 단분자층 수분함량은 1.57%(dry basis)로서 이에 대응하는 $40^{\circ}C$에서의 수분활성도는 각각 0.53 및 0.19에 상당하였다. 관능적 품질변화는 수분함량 및 기계적 물성값과 0.1% 유의수준에서 높은 상관관계를 나타내어 츄잉껌의 관능적 품질은 기계적 물성 또는 수분함량으로 객관화 할 수 있었다. 상품적 가치가 인정되는 수분함량 구간은 $2.17{\sim}3.16%(dry basis)$였으며 기계적 물성구간은 fracture force $0.8{\sim}1.8{\times}10^{7}$, fracture modulus $1.1{\sim}2.4{\times}10^{8}$ 및 puncture force $0.5{\sim}1.1{\times}10^{7}[dyne/cm^{2}]$이고 brittleness는 $0.7{\sim}1.4{\times}10^{8}[dyne/cm^{3}]$일 때였다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.218.3-218.3
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• 2003

In this study, a FT-NIR spectroscopy was used to determine skin moisture. NIR diffuse reflectance spectra were collected from separated dorsal and abdominal hairless mouse skin. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to develop calibration models that determine the water content. The seven spectra regions, such as 833-2500, 1100-2250, 1100-1750, 1750-2250, 1200-1600, 1800-2200, and 1200-2200 except 1600-1800 nm, were investigated for the best model by PLSR. The developed model predicted skin moisture for validation set with a standard errors of prediction (SEP) of 4.43%, when used 833-2500 nm. (omitted)

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.719-725
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• 2009

아가리쿠스버섯에서 분리한 단백다당류를 분무건조한 분말의 저장안정성을 알아보기 위하여 저장 중 흡습특성을 조사하였다. 평형수분함량은 수분활성도가 높아짐에 따라 빠르게 증가하는 양상이었으며, 높은 온도에서 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 단분자층 수분함량은 BET식보다 GAB식이 높은 유의성을 나타내었다. 수분활성도가 증가함에 따라 필요로 하는 흡습에너지가 낮아져 흡습엔탈피는 감소하여 흡습이 쉽게 이루어짐을 알수 있었다. 등온흡습곡선의 적합도는 Kuhn과 Oswin 모델이 $R^2$ 0.99 이상으로 높은 적합도를 나타내었고, Oswin 모델이 가장 편차가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 흡습 중 평형상대습도 예측 모델을 수립하기 위해 온도와 수분활성도의 경우 일차함수, 시간의 경우 로그함수가 높은 적합도를 보였으며, 평형상대습도 예측모델식은 수분활성도만을 변수로하는 모델식, 수분활성도와 시간을 변수로 하는 모델식과 수분활성도, 시간, 온도를 변수로 하는 모델식을 나타내어 가장 높은 $R^2$가 0.965로 나타났다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1256-1256
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• 2001

The physico-chemical and texture characteristics of meat determine the nutritional, technological and sensory quality. However, the analysis of meat quality requires expensive, laborious and time consuming analytical methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate NIR spectroscopy using transmittance for determining the moisture, fat, protein and total pigment content, the water holding capacity (WHC) and the toughness of beef meat. A total of 318 spectra were recorded from ground beef samples by a Feed Analyzer 1265 of Infratec. The samples were obtained from the Longissimus muscle of the 10$^{th}$ rib of yearling bulls, ground with an electrical chopper, vacuum packaged, aged during 7 days and frozen at -24$^{\circ}C$ until the analyses were done. Moisture content was measured by oven drying at 10$0^{\circ}C$, fat content was determined by Soxhlet extraction and protein content was estimated from nitrogen content using the Kjeldahl analysis. The total pigment content was determined by the method of Hornsey and the WHC using the method of filter paper press. The instrumental evaluation of texture (maximum load WB, maximum stress MS and toughness) was conducted in an Instron equipment with a Warner-Bratzler shearing device. This analysis was performed on a chop of 3.5 cm obtained from the longissimus of the 8$^{th}$ rib, aged during 7 days, kept frozen at -24$^{\circ}C$ and cooked before the analysis. Near infrared spectra were recorded as log 1/T (T=transmittance) at 2 nm intervals from 850 to 1050 nm using a Feed Analyzer 1265 of Infratec. Calibrations were performed with the WinISI software (vs. 1.02) using the MPLS method. To examine the effect of scatter correction o. derivation of spectra on the calibration performance, calibrations were calculated with the crude spectra or pretreated with different mathematical treatments (inverse MSC, SNVD) and/or second derivative operation. For chemical composition, the use of the scatter corrections improved the calibration statistics, in terms of lower SECV and higher $r^2$. In most of the variables, the use of the 2$^{nd}$ derivative improved the predictions, mainly when combined with the SNVD treatment. However, for predicting the texture traits, the best estimation was obtained from the crude spectrum. These results showed that the equations obtained for predicting moisture, fat and total pigments were very accurate, with $r^2$ being higher that 0.9. However, the prediction of the texture traits (WB, MS, toughness) from ground meat was poor.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2023

This study investigated the predictability of cooking loss of pork loin through relatively easy and quick measurable quality properties. The pH, color, moisture, protein content, and cooking loss of 100 pork loins were measured. The explanatory variables included in all linear regression models with an adjust-r² value of ≥0.5 were pH and the protein content. In the linear regression model predicting cooking loss, the highest adjust-r² value was 0.7, with pH, CIE L^*, CIE b^*, moisture, and protein content as the explanatory variables. In 30 pork loins, electrical conductivity was additionally measured, and as a result of linear regression analysis for predicting cooking loss, the highest adjust-r² value was 0.646 with electrical conductivity measured at 40 Hz, with pH and color as the explanatory variables. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the three grades (low, middle, and high) of loin cooking loss using pH, color, and 40 Hz electrical conductivity as the explanatory variables, and the percent concordance was 93.8%. In conclusion, the addition of electrical conductivity as an explanatory variable did not increase the prediction accuracy of the linear regression model for predicting cooking loss; however, it was demonstrated that it is possible to predict and classify the cooking loss grade of pork loin through quality properties that can be measured quickly and easily.

• 대기
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.495-508
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• 2016

In order to determine the prediction possibility of heavy rainfall, a variety of analyses was conducted by using three-dimensional data obtained from Korea Local Analysis and Prediction System (KLAPS) re-analysis data. Strong moisture convergence occurring around the time of the heavy rainfall is consistent with the results of previous studies on such continuous production. Heavy rainfall occurred in the cloud system with a thick convective clouds. The moisture convergence, temperature and potential temperature advection showed increase into the heavy rainfall occurrence area. The distribution of integrated liquid water content tended to decrease as rainfall increased and was characterized by accelerated convective instability along with increased buoyant energy. In addition, changes were noted in the various characteristics of instability indices such as K-index (KI), Showalter Stability Index (SSI), and lifted index (LI). The meteorological variables used in the analysis showed clear increases or decreases according to the changes in rainfall amount. These rapid changes as well as the meteorological variables changes are attributed to the surrounding and meteorological conditions. Thus, we verified that heavy rainfall can be predicted according to such increase, decrease, or changes. This study focused on quantitative values and change characteristics of diagnostic variables calculated by using numerical models rather than by focusing on synoptic analysis at the time of the heavy rainfall occurrence, thereby utilizing them as prognostic variables in the study of the predictability of heavy rainfall. These results can contribute to the identification of production and development mechanisms of heavy rainfall and can be used in applied research for prediction of such precipitation. In the analysis of various case studies of heavy rainfall in the future, our study result can be utilized to show the development of the prediction of severe weather.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2022

최근 반도체 패키지 구조는 점점 더 얇아지고 복잡해지고 있다. 두께가 얇아짐에 이종 계면에서 물성차이에 의한 박리는 심화될 수 있으며 따라서 계면의 신뢰성이 패키징 설계에 중요한 요소라 할 수 있다. 특히, 반도체 패키징에 많이 사용되는 폴리머는 온도와 수분에 영향을 크게 받기 때문에 환경에 따른 물성 변화 고려가 필수적이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 다양한 온도조건에서 수분의 흡습과 탈습을 모두 고려한 패키지 구조의 계면 박리 예측을 유한 요소 해석을 통해 수행하였다. 확산계수와 포화 수분 함량과 같은 재료의 물성은 흡습 실험을 통해 확보하였으며, 흡습 이후 TMA 와 TGA 를 통하여 각 재료의 수분 팽창 계수를 확보하였다. 각 계면의 접합 강도 평가를 위해 수분의 영향을 고려하여 다양한 온도 조건에서 마이크로 전단 실험을 수행하였다. 이러한 물성을 바탕으로 온도와 수분에 의해 발생하는 변형을 모두 고려한 패키지 박리 예측 해석을 수행하였으며, 결과적으로 리플로우 공정 동안의 실시간 수분 탈습 거동을 고려한 계면 박리 예측을 성공적으로 수행하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

A computer simulation was carried out to determinate the optimum capacity of bulk type trailer which is used as a tractor attachment. Soil physical properties. such as soil moisture content. bulk density, soil hardness and soil texture were measured in the 10 major rice production area for computer simulation. Mathematical model which include soil physical properties and vehicle factor was used for computer simulation. Most of the soil texture of the investigated area was silty loam. Soil moisture content ranged between 30 and 40% mostly. Soil bulk density was in the range of 1.500 to 1.700 kg/㎥. Soil hardness ranged between 1 to 18 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Soil hardness incorporate the effects of many soil physical properties such as moisture content texture and bulk density, and so the range of soil hardness was greater than any other physical properties. The capacity of bulk type trailer was above 3000 kg$_{f}$ fer the most of the investigated area. and mostly in the range of 4000 to 6000 kg$_{f}$ depending upon the slip. But for the soft soil area such as Andong and Namyang. tractor itself had mobility problem and showed minus trailer capacity for some places. For this area. the capacity of bulk type trailer ranged between 1000 and 2000 kg$_{f}$ mostly so bulk type trailer should be designed as a small capacity compared to the other area.ared to the other area. area.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 1998

국내산 후지 사과의 주요 내부 품질 요인인 당도, 수분 함량, 경도 및 산 함량을 근적외 분광분석법에 의해 동시에 신속, 정확하게 비파괴 측정할 수 있는지의 가능성을 조사하였다. 굴절당도계에 의한 당도, 동결 건조법에 의한 수분 함량, texture analyzer에 의한 경도 및 알칼리 적정법에 의해 얻어진 산 함량 데이터와 근적외 영역의 흡광도 데이터 사이에 각각 중회귀분석을 행한 결과, 당도, 수분 함량, 경도 및 산 함량의 측정 오차(SEP)는 각각 $0.50^{\circ}Brix,\;0.64%,\;0.14kg/cm^2$ 및 0.07%이었다. 이로서 근적외 분광 분석법을 응용하여 사과의 당도와 수분 함량은 비파괴적으로 신속, 정확하게 측정 가능함을 알 수 있었으나, 경도와 산 함량의 측정 정확도는 다소 낮은 편이었다.