• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4427-4432
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• 2016

Background: Fear and fatalism have been proposed as factors affecting breast cancer screening, but the evidence is not strong. This study aimed to determine relationships of fear and fatalism with breast cancer screening behavior among Tabriz women in Iran. Materials and Methods: In a cross- sectional study, 370 women referred to 12 health centers in Tabriz were selected with two-stage cluster sampling and data regarding breast cancer screening, fatalism and fear of breast cancer were collected respectively with a checklist for screening performance, Champions Fear and Pow Fatalism Questionnaires. Data were analyzed by logistic regression with SPSS software version 16. Results: Only 43% and 23% of participants had undergone breast self- examination and clinical breast examination. Among women older than 40 years, 38.2% had mammography history and only 2.7% of them had done it annually. Although fatalism and fear had a stimulating effects on breast cancer screening performance th relationships were not significant (P>0.05). There was a negative significant correlation between fear and fatalism (r= -0.24, p=0.000). On logistic regression analysis, age (OR=1.037, p<0.01) and income status (OR= 0.411, p<0.05) significantly explained BSE and age (OR=1.051, p<0.01) and body mass index (OR= 0.879, p<0.01) explained CBE. Also BMI (OR= 0.074, p<0.05) and income status (OR=0.155, p<0.01) was significantly effective for mammography following. Conclusions: Breast cancer screening behavior is inappropriate and affected by family livelihood status and lifestyle leads to weight gain, so that for promoting of screening behaviors, economic support to families, lifestyle modification and public education are suggested.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-39
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• 2003

Purpose: Although there is a lot of secondary data available for comparing community health status and planning health policies in terms of large area such as metropolitan cities or provinces, there is restricted data for establishing community health policies of the small areas such as towns, Gun(i.e., districts), and Gu. Specifically, the problems of producing a valuable index for health promotion in small areas are three fold: First, there is not an appropriate index model for measuring a small community health status. Second, a large part of secondary data in the small areas has been produced in an irregular time interval. In addition, all valuable data can not be integrated without time consuming work. Thus this study tries to establish a health promotion index model for assisting community health promotion initiatives of local governments. Methods and materials: Literature review, community health specialist consultation and a questionnaire survey was performed. Results: Based on Dever's model, a prototype of health promotion indicators was proposed and modified by the community health specialists. 15 classification scheme of statistical yearbook reorganized into the six areas. Those six areas were comprised in 24 indicator class with 96 specific indicators. Through further modification processes by a questionnaire survey, we developed a health promotion indicator model that contains six areas with 23 indicator class encompassed by 87 specific indicators. Conclusions: This study proposed a model of health promotion indicator comprised in the six areas with 23 indicator classes for measuring small area health promotion status. However, more specific or additional data in human biology, environment, and socioeconomic data is essential for producing a stronger model for health promotion measurement.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.322-327
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• 2018

Post-translational modification of proteins regulates signaling cascades in eukaryotic system, including plants. Among these modifications, phosphorylation plays an important role in modulating the functional properties of proteins. Plants perceive environmental cues that directly affect the phosphorylation status of many target proteins. To determine the effect of environmentally induced phosphorylation in plants, in vivo methods must be developed. Various in vitro methods are available but, unlike in animals, there is no optimized methodology for detecting protein phosphorylation in planta. Therefore, in this study, a robust, and easy to handle Phos-Tag Mobility Shift Assay (PTMSA) is developed for the in vivo detection of protein phosphorylation in plants by empirical optimization of methods previously developed for animals. Initially, the detection of the phosphorylation status of target proteins using protocols directly adapted from animals failed. Therefore, we optimized the steps in the protocol, from protein migration to the transfer of proteins to PVDF membrane. Supplementing the electrophoresis running buffer with 5mM $NaHSO_3$ solved most of the problems in protein migration and transfer. The optimization of a fast and robust protocol that efficiently detects the phosphorylation status of plant proteins was successful. This protocol will be a valuable tool for plant scientists interested in the study of protein phosphorylation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1950-1957
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• 2004

Analysis for structures composed of materials containing regularly spaced in-homogeneities is usually executed by using averaged material properties. In order to evaluate the effective properties, a unit cell is defined and loaded somehow, and its response is investigated. The imposed loading, however, should accord to the status of unit cells immersed in the macroscopic structure to secure the accuracy of the properties. In this study, mathematical description for the periodicity of the displacement field is derived and its direct implementation into FE models of unit cell is attempted. Conventional finite element code needs no modification, and only the boundary of unit cell should be constrained in a way that the periodicity is preserved. The proposed method is applicable to skew arrayed in-homogeneity problems. Homogenized in-plane elastic properties are evaluated for a few representative cases and the accuracy is examined.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.234-237
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• 2015

Aptamers, composed of single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that interact with target molecules through a specific three-dimensional structure, are selected from pools of combinatorial oligonucleotide libraries. With their high specificity and affinity for target proteins, ease of synthesis and modification, and low immunogenicity and toxicity, aptamers are considered to be attractive molecules for development as anticancer therapeutics. Two aptamers - one targeting nucleolin and a second targeting CXCL12 - are currently undergoing clinical trials for treating cancer patients, and many more are under study. In this mini-review, we present the current clinical status of aptamers and aptamer-based cancer therapeutics. We also discuss advantages, limitations, and prospects for aptamers as cancer therapeutics. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(4): 234-237]

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2013

As the International Human Epigenome Consortium (IHEC) launched officially at the 2010 Washington meeting, a giant step toward the conquest of unexplored regions of the human genome has begun. IHEC aims at the production of 1,000 reference epigenomes to the international scientific community for next 7-10 years. Seven member institutions, including South Korea, Korea National Institute of Health (KNIH), will produce 25-200 reference epigenomes individually, and the produced data will be publically available by using a data center. Epigenome data will cover from whole genome bisulfite sequencing, histone modification, and chromatin access information to miRNA-seq. The final goal of IHEC is the production of reference maps of human epigenomes for key cellular status relevant to health and disease.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.382-388
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• 2004

The most widely used primary protection for the internal fault detection of power transformers is current percentage differential relaying(PDR). However, the harmonic components could be decreased by magnetizing inrush when there have been changes to the material of iron core or its design methodology. The higher the capacitance of high voltage status and underground distribution, the more differential current includes the second harmonic component during occurrence of an internal fault. Therefore, the conventional harmonic restraint methods need modification. This paper proposes an advanced protective relaying algorithm by fluxt-differential current slope characteristic and trend of voltage and differential current. To evaluate the performance of proposed algorithm, we have made comparative studies of PDR fuzzy relaying, and DWT relaying. The paper is constructed power system model including power transformer, utilizing the WatATP99, and data collection is made through simulation of various internal faults and inrush. As the results of test. the new proposed algorithm was proven to be faster and more reliable.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2000

In this study, we investigated the site feasibility for the construction of the incineration facilities in Won Ju City. To assess the environmental impact of its construction, we examined the current status of air quality in the selected candidate sites and predicted the extent of air quality change upon its operation through modification of stack type. If the stack height is assumed to be 70 m, the concentrations of $SO_2$ and dioxin in the surrounding area were predicted to increase by 0.05 ppb and 0.09 pg/$m^3$, respectively. The impact of its operation was assessed and compared among different sites. According to this analysis, more impact was expected from the residential area for the Dan-Gye site than from agricultural areas of the Kwan-Sul and Sa-Je site.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.32
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• pp.83-100
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the change and characteristics of 20th Korean women's make-up the result of the study as follows: In the period 1920's 1. The drastic social changes such as civilzation and revolution together with the in troduction of western culture affected make-up and clothes. New women and high school girls wore the modified costume make-up hair style But general public women keep to traditional skin care style and white skin colour was popular. 2. In recent year after 1960's economic de-velopment the women's social status were pormoted after 1970's various colour em-phasize lip eye there by resulting in remark-able modification in the Korean women's apperance. In those days there was the large cosmetic producst of vavious colour 3. The result of this study indicated that the value of recognize the importance of total fashion is the harmonization of clothes and make-up 4. It was also suggested Korean beauty in the future should be achieved in accordance with tradition and modern sense.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.7-17
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• 1995

In early 1970s, open education was introduced with drastically changing educational concept. Since then, open education has brought about new concept and variations in curriculum, schools have adopted open education since mid 1980s. Open education which has advanced in foreign countries, how-ever, do not fit to the Korean educational situation without some modification in educational facilities. This education in Korea faced and making some suggestions on educational facilities for the effective open ducation in Korea. After briefly reviewing the conceprs of open education. I introduced educational facilities for open education regarded as basic in advanced countries, then I analyzed through questionaire current status of educational facilities of 23 Korean schools which have adopted open education. Finally I made some suggestions to improve educational facilities for effective open education of Korea.