• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-54
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• 1993

To see both $Sh{\grave{u}}nq{\grave{i}}daot{\acute{a}}nt{\bar{a}}ng$(dissipate phlegm and promote vital energy circulation) and $Hu{\grave{a}}y{\bar{u}}t{\bar{a}}ng$(blood circulation and disperse blood stasis) influencing on thrombosis, contusion-hyperemia, and hyperlipidemia, at first we measured the density of FDP, the quantity of fibrinogen, prothrombin time, and the number of platelet of rat taken thrombosis by endotoxin. Secondly we measured the increase-rate of "paw swelling", the number of platelet, the quantity of fibrinogen, and prothrombin time of rat taken contusion-hyperemia. And then we measured the quantity of total cholesterol in serum and of H.D.L-cholesterol and of triglyceride and of phospholipid and of ${\beta}-lipoprotein$, its weight, and the variation of the quantity of electrolyte of rat taken hyperlipidemia by the oral-injection of choleserol. As a result, we can conclude as follows : 1. Out of the test of thrombosis, we can recognize not only the noticeable increae of the number of platelet and the quantity of fibrinogen, but also the noticeable decrease of prothrombin time and the density of FDP in case of $Sh{\grave{u}}nq{\grave{i}}daot{\acute{a}}nt{\bar{a}}ng$-injected rat and $Hu{\grave{a}}y{\bar{u}}t{\bar{a}}ng$-injected rat. 2. Out of the test of contusion-hyperemia, we can recognize not only the noticeable increase of the number of platelet and the quantity of fibrinogen, but also the noticeable decrease of prothrombin time and "increase-rate of paw swelling" in case of $Sh{\grave{u}}nq{\grave{i}}daot{\acute{a}}nt{\bar{a}}ng$-injected rat and $Hu{\grave{a}}y{\bar{u}}t{\bar{a}}ng$-injected rat. 3. Out of the test of hyperlipidemia, at first we can recognize that test rat's weight increased as close as that of normal rat. And we can recognize the noticeable decrease of the triglyceride and phospholipid and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$." Also, in case of the variation of electrolyte we can recognize the decrease of calcium and potassium in $Sh{\grave{u}}nq{\grave{i}}daot{\acute{a}}nt{\bar{a}}ng$-injected rat, and of sodium and magnesium in $Hu{\grave{a}}y{\bar{u}}t{\bar{a}}ng$-injected rat. Thus, as the above-mentioned, in covering thrombosis, contusion-hypermia, and hyperlipidemia, the effect of $Sh{\grave{u}}nq{\grave{i}}daot{\acute{a}}nt{\bar{a}}ng$ and $Hu{\grave{a}}y{\bar{u}}t{\bar{a}}ng$ can be recognized. Granting that $Hu{\grave{a}}y{\bar{u}}t{\bar{a}}ng$ reveals its effectiveness in thrombosis and contusion-hyperemia, and $Sh{\grave{u}}nq{\grave{i}}daot{\acute{a}}nt{\bar{a}}ng$ in hyperlipidemia, it can be inferred that contusion-hyperemia is like "model of blood stasis form" as thrombosis and hyperlipidemia "phlegm-retention diseases form", and both phlegm-retention and blood stasis have correlation each other.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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• pp.339-339
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• 1994

It has been reported that Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound In cruclferous vegetables, exerts anticarcinogenic activity In several organs In rodents. The modifying effects of I3C were therefore assessed uging a rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model. A total of 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided Into 3 groups. Animals of groups 1 and 2 were sequentially treated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 100 mg/kg b.w., i.p.), N-methylnitrosourea (NNU; 20 mg/kg b.w., 4 times for 2 weeks, i.p), and dihydroxy-di-N-propylnitrosauine (DHPN; 0.1% In d.w. for 2 weeks) for 4 weeks (DMD treatment). Animals of groups 1 and 3 were given the diet of 0.25% I3C for 20 weeks after DMD initiation and then were given basal diet for 28 weeks. All animals were sacrificed at week 24 and 52, respectively. I3C has been clearly demonstrated promoting effects on the development of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive hepatic foci at 24 weeks of the experiment. And I3C also exerted promoting potential In the hepatocellular adenoma (4/14; 29%) and the adenoma (7/14; 50%) of the thyroid gland at 52 weeks of the experiment. Therefore, I3C may promote hepatocarcinogenesis and thyroid tumorigenesis in the rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Objective: Glutamate is a key excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and its excessive release plays a key role in the development of neuronal injury. In order to define the effect of nimodipine on glutamate release, we monitored extracellular glutamate release in real-time in a global ischemia rat model with eleven vessel occlusion. Methods: Twelve rats were randomly divided into two groups: the ischemia group and the nimodipine treatment group. The changes of extracellular glutamate level were measured using microdialysis amperometric biosensor, in coincident with cerebral blood flow (CBF) and electroencephalogram. Nimodipine (0.025 ${\mu}g$/100 gm/min) was infused into lateral to the CBF probe, during the ischemic period. Also, we performed Nissl staining method to assess the neuroprotective effect of nimodipine. Results: During the ischemic period, the mean maximum change in glutamate concentration was $133.22{\pm}2.57\;{\mu}M$ in the ischemia group and $75.42{\pm}4.22\;{\mu}M$ (p<0.001) in the group treated with nimodipine. The total amount of glutamate released was significantly different (P<0.001) between groups during the ischemic period. The %cell viability in hippocampus was $47.50{\pm}5.64$ (p<0.005) in ischemia group, compared with sham group. But, the %cell viability in nimodipine treatment group was $95.46{\pm}6.60$ in hippocampus (p<0.005). Conclusion: From the real-time monitoring and Nissl staining results, we suggest that the nimodipine treatment is responsible for the protection of the neuronal cell death through the suppression of extracellular glutamate release in the 11-VO global ischemia model of rat.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.18.1-18.7
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study is to develop a rat model of bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) that would be verified with clinical, radiological and histological examination, and to confirm the influence of concurrent bisphosphonates and steroids use upon the occurrence and aggravation of BRONJ. Methods: Twenty seven rats were divided into 3 groups; Saline group (I), Zoledronate group (II), Zoledronate and Dexamethasone group (III). Rats got weekly intraperitoneal injection for 4 times and extraction of left maxillary and mandibular 1st, 2nd molars were followed. Consecutive injections were performed, and blood sampling for measurements of C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphate 5b rats were performed at the time of 2, 4 and 8 weeks. And then, rats were sacrificed and evaluated clinically, radiologically and histologically. Results: 12/18 (66.6 %) of experimental group were diagnosed as BRONJ. There was no significant difference in incidence between zoledronate alone group (ll) and concurrent use of zoledronate and dexamethasone group (lll). Conclusions: Concurrent use of bisphosphonates and steroids increase incidence of BRONJ compared to saline group (l). Zoledronate alone group (ll) and concurrent use of zoledronate and dexamethasone group (lll) shows same incidence of BRONJ. Based on this study, the rat treated with bisphosphonates and steroids can be considered a novel, reliable and reproducible model to understand pathology of BRONJ.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Paljeong-san pharmac-opuncture(PJS) on the rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). Methods : Rats were divided into 5 groups, with 6 rats in each group. The 5 groups included sham-operated group(sham group), BPH model group(BPH group), finasteride-treated group (fina group), PJS-treated groups(PJS 10 and PJS 100 group). Testosterone was injected subcutaneously to the castrated rats except sham group for BPH model. During 4-week experimental period, finasteride(5 mg/kg) was administrated orally once daily in fina group, PJS in PJS 10(10 mg/kg) and PJS 100(100 mg/kg) group and normal saline in sham and BPH group were injected subcutaneously once daily at Jungwan($CV_{12}$). We checked prostate weights, serum concentration of dihydrotestosterone(DHT), morphologic changes of the prostate, and the amount of expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and $5{\alpha}$-reductase gene to evaluate the effect of PJS after 4-week experimental period. Results : 1. PJS and finasteride treatment reduced prostate weights comparing with BPH group, but PJS-treated groups showed no significant changes, unlikely fina group. 2. PJS-treated groups showed significant degreases in concentration of DHT. 3. PJS-treated groups showed significant degreases concentration-dependently in the amount of expression of the PCNA and $5{\alpha}$-reductase gene. 4. PJS treatment showed shrinking of thickness in the prostatic epithelial tissue. Conclusions : PJS has the effects that improve the symptoms of BPH through inhibiting proliferation of the prostatic tissues.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: Glial scarring and inflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI) interfere with neural regeneration and functional recovery due to the inhibitory microenvironment of the injured spinal cord. Stem cell transplantation can improve functional recovery in experimental models of SCI, but many obstacles to clinical application remain due to concerns regarding the effectiveness and safety of stem cell transplantation for SCI patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) that were genetically modified to express Olig2 in a rat model of SCI. Methods: Bone marrow-derived hMSCs were genetically modified to express Olig2 and transplanted one week after the induction of contusive SCI in a rat model. Spinal cords were harvested 7 weeks after transplantation. Results: Transplantation of Olig2-expressing hMSCs significantly improved functional recovery in a rat model of contusive SCI model compared to the control hMSC-transplanted group. Transplantation of Olig2-expressing hMSCs also attenuated glial scar formation in spinal cord lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that transplanted Olig2-expressing hMSCs were partially differentiated into Olig1-positive oligodendrocyte-like cells in spinal cords. Furthermore, NF-M-positive axons were more abundant in the Olig2-expressing hMSC-transplanted group than in the control hMSC-transplanted group. Conclusions: We suggest that Olig2-expressing hMSCs are a safe and optimal cell source for treating SCI.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.643-647
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 부식성 식도 협착 모델을 만들어 전임상연구 모델로서의 가능성과 활용성을 알아보고자 한다. 20마리의 백서를 Healthy group / Corrosive group으로 나누고, 부식성 화상은 하부 식도에 30% NaOH를 사용하여 모델링하였다. 수술 후 행동 및 체중 변화를 매주 모니터링했습니다. 수술 후 3주 뒤에 식도조영술을 시행한 후 모든 쥐를 안락사 희생시키고 병리학적 분석을 위해 하부식도를 파라핀블럭 제작하였다. 부식성 협착에 대한 기술적 성공은 100%였습니다. 총 2마리의 백서가 연하곤란과 관련된 부식성 화상으로 Corrosive group에서 14일 이내에 사망했다. 식도 협착 비율은 Corrosive group이 Healthy group보다 유의하게 높았다(각각 40.1 ± 9.2% 및 1.4 ± 7.2%; p = 0.001). 조직 증식 비율도 Corrosive group에서 유의하게 더 높았다(각각 62.5 ± 9% 및 22.08 ± 6%; p = 0.001). 결론적으로, 30% 농도의 NaOH를 이용한 백서 부식성 모델은 전임상 연구 평가 툴로서 다양한 부식성 식도 협착 치료 전임상 연구를 수행할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.394-404
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• 2021

Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of epidural polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on mechanical allodynia and motor dysfunction in a rat model of lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS). Methods: This study was conducted in two stages, using male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups. In the first stage, the groups were as follows: vehicle (V), sham (S), and epidural PDRN at 5 (P5), 8 (P8), and 10 (P10) mg/kg; and in the second stage, they were as follows: intraperitoneal PDRN 8 mg/kg, epidural 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargilxanthine (DMPX) (0.1 mg/kg), and DMPX (0.1 mg/kg). The LFS model was established, except for the S group. After an epidural injection of the test solutions, von Frey and treadmill tests were conducted for 3 weeks. Subsequently, histopathologic examinations were conducted in the V, S, P5, and P10 groups. Results: A total of 65 rats were included. The P8 and P10 groups showed significant recovery from mechanical allodynia and motor dysfunction at all time points after drug administration compared to the V group. These effects were abolished by concomitant administration of DMPX. On histopathological examination, no epineurial inflammation or fibrosis was observed in the epidural PDRN groups. Conclusions: Epidural injection of PDRN significantly improves mechanical allodynia and motor dysfunction in a rat model of LFS, which is mediated by the spinal adenosine A_2A receptor. The present data support the need for further research to determine the role of epidural PDRN in spinal stenosis treatment.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.42-55
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• 2021

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of marine phytoplankton supplementation (Oceanix®, Tetraselmis chuii) on 1) maximal isometric strength and immune function in healthy humans following a oneweek high-intensity resistance-training program and 2) the proinflammatory cytokine response to exercise in a rat model. [Methods] In the human trial, 22 healthy male and female participants were randomly divided into marine phytoplankton and placebo groups. Following baseline testing, participants underwent a 14-day supplement loading phase before completing five consecutive days of intense resistance training. In the rat model, rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=7 per condition): (i) control, (ii) exercise, (iii) exercise + marine phytoplankton (2.55 mg/kg/day), or (iv) exercise + marine phytoplankton (5.1 mg/kg/day). Rats in the exercising groups performed treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 6 weeks. [Results] In the human model, marine phytoplankton prevented significant declines in the isometric peak rate of force development compared to placebo. Additionally, salivary immunoglobulin A concentration was significantly lower following the resistance training protocol in the placebo group but not in the marine phytoplankton group. Marine phytoplankton in exercising rats decreased intramuscular levels and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and intramuscular concentrations of malondialdehyde. [Conclusion] Marine phytoplankton prevented decrements in indices of functional exercise recovery and immune function. Mechanistically, these outcomes could be prompted by modulating the oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine response to exercise.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2006

목적 : 구내염은 두경부종양이 있는 암환자에게 방사선 및 항암제 치료 시술 시 매우 흔하게 발생하는 합병증이다. 본 연구는 Rat 의 방사선성 구내염 모델에서 recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF)의 효과를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 25 Gy의 방사선량으로 두부에 단회 조사한 Rat를 무작위로 7마리씩 무처치군, 부형제 처치군, rhEGF 15 또는 $30{\mu}g/day$ 구강 내 처치군으로 나누었으며, 방사선을 조사하지 않은 7 마리의 Rat를 정상시험군으로 나누었다 rhEGF 시료 및 부형제는 1일 3회 Rat 의 구강점막에 매일 도포하였다. Rat의 생존율, 체중변화 및 사료섭취량을 18일 동안 관찰하였으며, 방사선 조사 후 7 일 및 18 일째에 Rat의 구강점막을 조직학적으로 평가하였다. 결과 : 실험종료 시점에서 rhEGF 15 또는 $30{\mu}g/day$ 구강 내 처치군이 모두 33%의 생존율을 보인 것에 비하여, 무처치군 및 부형제 처치군은 모두 0%의 생존율을 보였다. 체중변화에서도 rhEGF 처치군은 방사선 조사 후 2일부터 7일까지 부형제 처치군에 비하여 Rat 의 평균체중이 통계적으로 더욱 무거웠다 사료섭취율은 모든 시험군에서 방사선 조사 후 4 일까지 감소하는 양상을 보이다가, rhEGF 15 또는 $30{\mu}g/day$ 구강 내 처치군에서 14일째에 뚜렷한 사료섭취율의 증가가 관찰되었다. 방사선 조사 후 7 일째의 조직학적 분석 결과, rhEGF 15 또는 $30{\mu}g/day$ 구강 내 처치군의 Rat 에서는 점막 표피층의 각질세포의 종창 및 변성만이 관찰되었던 것에 비하여, 무처치군 및 부형제 처치군에서는 심한 위막성 또는 궤양성 구내염이 관찰되었다. 결론; rhEGF (15 또는 $30{\mu}g/day$ 구강 내 처치군) 처치에서 방사선 조사로 유발시킨 Rat의 구내염 모델에서 유의성 있는 치유 효과를 확인하였으며, 본 시험결과로 rhEGF가 방사선에 의해 유발된 구내염을 치료할 수 있는 임상 제제로써의 가능성을 볼 수 있었다.