• 운동영양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

[Purpose] The purpose of the study was to determine the combined effects of resveratrol supplementation with high-flow LSS on mitochondrial biogenesis in human vascular endothelial cells. [Methods] Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with 20 μM of RSV. For the shear experiments, cells grown to a >90% confluence were exposed to physiological levels of LSS (5 to 20 dyne/cm2) for 12 to 36 hours using a cone and plate shear apparatus. Gene expressions were analyzed by western blotting. [Results] Depletion of mitochondrial integrity was directly associated with increase in endothelial activation/dysfunction. The expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator genes, such as SIRT1, PGC-1α, and TFAM, and the mitochondrial contents were significantly increased after treatment with both resveratrol and high-flow LSS for 12 hours. However, supplementation of resveratrol to high-flow LSS for a prolonged duration had no synergistic effect on the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator gene expressions and mitochondrial content compared to the LSS treatment alone. [Conclusion] The present study demonstrated that the supplementation of resveratrol to high-flow LSS has no synergistic effects on enhancing mitochondrial integrity in human vascular endothelial cells.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2003년도 춘계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.377-377
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• 2003

We investigated the biogeography of Asian Corbicula using mitochondrial gene sequence variation for Corbicula members sampled from 24 localities of 8 Asian regions. A total of 210 individuals were genetically characterized by examining sequence variations of a 614 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Phylogenetic analyses of the COI dataset revealed that Corbicula members are subdivided into two well-supported clades: estuarine and freshwater. (omitted)

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2007

Regions (about 3.7-3.8 kb) of the mitochondrial genomes (rrnL-cox1) of two tardigrades, a heterotardigrade, Batillipes pennaki, and a eutardigrade, Pseudobiotus spinifer, were sequenced and characterized. The gene order in Batillipes was $\underline{rrnL}-\underline{V}-\underline{rrnS}-\underline{Q}-\underline{I}$-M-nad2-W-$\underline{C}-\underline{Y}$-cox1, and in Pseudobiotus it was $\underline{rrnL}-\underline{V}-\underline{rrnS}-\underline{Q}$-M-nad2-W-$\underline{C}-\underline{Y}$-cox1. With the exception of the trnI gene, the two tardigrade regions have the same gene content and order. Their gene orders are strikingly similar to that of the chelicerate Limulus polyphemus (rrnL-V-rrnS-CR-I-Q-M-nad2-W-C-Y-cox1), which is considered to be ancestral for arthropods. Although the tardigrades do not have a distinct control region (CR) within this segment, the trnI gene in Pseudobiotus is located between rrnL-trnL1 and trnL2-nad1, and the trnI gene in Batillipes is located between trnQ and trnM. In addition, the 106-bp region between trnQ and trnM in Batillipes not only contains two plausible trnI genes with opposite orientations, but also exhibits some CR-like characteristics. The mitochondrial gene arrangements of 183 other protostomes were compared. 60 (52.2%) of the 115 arthropods examined have the M-nad2-W-C-Y-cox1 arrangement, and 88 (76.5%) the M-nad2-W arrangement, as found in the tardigrades. In contrast, no such arrangement was seen in the 70 non-arthropod protostomes studied. These are the first non-sequence molecular data that support the close relationship of tardigrades and arthropods.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2011

Mitochondria diseases have been reported to involve structural and functional defects of complex I-V. Especially, many of these diseases are known to be related to dysfunction of mitochondrial proton-translocating NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). The dysfunction of mitochondria complex I is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Mammalian mitochondrial proton-translocating NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is largest and consists of at least 46 different subunits. In contrast, the NDI1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a single subunit rotenone-insensitive NADH-quinone oxidoreductase that is located on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae NDI1 gene using a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector (rAAV-NDI1) was successfully expressed in AML12 mouse liver hepatocytes and the NDI1-transduced cells were able to grow in media containing rotenone. In contrast, control cells that did not receive the NDI1 gene failed to survive. The expressed Ndi1 enzyme was recognized to be localized in mitochondria by confocal immunofluorescence microscopic analyses and immunoblotting. Using digitonin-permeabilized cells, it was shown that the NADH oxidase activity of the NDI1-transduced cells was not affected by rotenone which is inhibitor of complex I, but was inhibited by antimycin A. Furthermore, these results indicate that Ndi1 can be functionally expressed in the AML12 mouse liver hepatocytes. It is conceivable that the NDI1 gene is powerful tool for gene therapy of mitochondrial diseases caused by complex I deficiency. In the future, we will attempt to functionally express the NDI1 gene in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cell.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.215-228
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• 1999

To choose one or more appropriate molecular markers or gene regions for resolving a particular systematic question among the organisms at a certain categorical level is still a very difficult process. The primary goal of this review, therefore, is to provide a theoretical information in choosing one or more molecular markers or gene regions by illustrating general properties and phylogenetic utilities of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that have been most commonly used for phylogenetic researches. The highly conserved molecular markers and/or gene regions are useful for investigating phylogenetic relationships at higher categorical levels (deep branches of evolutionary history). On the other hand, the hypervariable molecular markers and/or gene regions are useful for elucidating phylogenetic relationships at lower categorical levels (recently diverged branches). In summary, different selective forces have led to the evolution of various molecular markers or gene regions with varying degrees of sequence conservation. Thus, appropriate molecular markers or gene regions should be chosen with even greater caution to deduce true phylogenetic relationships over a broad taxonomic spectrum.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2021

A rumen fluke Fischoederius elongatus is assigned to the type species of genus Fischoederius, family Gastrothylacidae. However, the mitochondrial sequences recently published are thought to be of inconsistent species, suggesting that several morphologically similar but genetically distinct species might be classified as Fischoederius elongatus. Thus, mentions of F. elongatus from South, Southeast, and East Asia might unintentionally refer to different species. The present work describes morphology and a full mitochondrial genome sequence of one of these species. The fluke specimens were collected from 2 infected cattle in Thailand. An interesting finding was the presence of a second tRNA-Asp gene next to a partial ND1 gene. It is suggested that these duplicated sequences are the remnants of non-reciprocal recombination events caused by inverted repeats located between ND2 and ND1 mitochondrial genes.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.264-270
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• 1997

The structure of plasmid mlp1, a linear 10.2kb mitochondrial plasmid of Pleurotus ostreatus NFF A2 was determined by restriction enzyme mapping and partial sequencing. The plasmid encodes at least two proteins; a putative RNA polymerase showing homology to yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase and to viral-encoded RNA polymerases, and a putative DNA polymerase showing significant homology to the family B thpe DNA polymerases. It also contains terminal inverted repeat sequences at both ends which are longer than 274 bp. A 1.6 kb EcoRI restriction fragment of m1p1 containing the putative RNA polymerase gene did not hybridize to the nuclear or motochondrial genomes from P. ostreatus, suggesting that it may encode plasmidspecific RNA polymerase. The gene fragment also did not hybridize with the RNA polymerase gene (RPO41) from Saccaromyces cerevisiae. The relationship between genes in m1p1 and those in another linear plasmid pC1K1 of Claviceps purpurea was examined by DNA hybridization. The result indicates that the genes for DNA and RNA polymerases are not closely related with those in C. purpurea.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2003

We describe here the complete nucleotide sequence and the exon-intron structure of the luciferase gene of the firefly, Pyrocoelia rufa. The luciferase gene of the P. rufa firefly consisted of six introns and seven exons coding for 548 amino acid residues. From the translational start site to the end of last exon, however, the genomic DNA length of the P. rufa luciferase gene from the Korean and Chinese samples spans 1,968 bp and 1983 bp, respectively, and 3 amino acid residues were different to each other. Additionally, we also analyzed mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I(COI) gene of the Chinese P. rufa fireflies. Analysis of DNA sequences from the mitochondrial COI protein-coding gene revealed 4 mitochondrial DNA sequence-based haplotypes with a maximum divergence of 0.7％. With the 20 P. rufa haplotypes found in Korea, phylogenetic analyses using PAUP and PHYLIP subdivided the P. rufa into three clades, termed clades A and B for the Korean sample, and clade C for the Chinese sample.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2016

Mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process requiring coordinated expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-$1{\alpha}$) is a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and it controls mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication within diverse tissues, including muscle tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on mtDNA copy number and PGC-$1{\alpha}$ promoter activity in $C_2C_{12}$ muscle cells. mtDNA copy number and mRNA levels of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis such as PGC-$1{\alpha}$, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. The PGC-$1{\alpha}$ promoter from -970 to +412 bp was subcloned into the pGL3-basic vector, which includes a luciferase reporter gene. Both EPA and DHA significantly increased mtDNA copy number, dose and time dependently, and up-regulated mRNA levels of PGC-$1{\alpha}$, NRF1, and Tfam. Furthermore, EPA and DHA stimulated PGC-$1{\alpha}$ promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that EPA and DHA may modulate mitochondrial biogenesis, which was partially associated with increased mtDNA replication and PGC-$1{\alpha}$ gene expression in $C_2C_{12}$ muscle cells.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2000

The liverwort Pellia borealis is a diploid, monoecious, allopolypliod species (n=18) that as it was postulated, originated after hybridization and duplication of chromosome sets of two cryptic species: Pellia epiphylta-species N (n=9) and Pellia epiphylla-species 5 (n=9). Our recent results have supported the allopolyploid origin of P.borealis. We have shown that the nuclear genome of P.borealis consists of two nuclear genomes: one derived from P.epiphylla-species N and the other from P.epiphylla-species 5. In this paper we show the origin of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes in an allopolyploid species P.borealis. To our knowledge there is no information concerning the way of mitochondria and chloroplast inheritance in Brophyta. Using an allopolyploid species of p. borealis as a model species we have decided to look into chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of P.borealis, P.epiphylla-species N and P.epiphylla-species S for nucleotide sequences that would allow us to differentiate between both cryptic species and to identify the origin of organelle genomes in the alloploid species. We have amplified and sequenced a chloroplast $tRNA^{Leu}$ gene (anticodon UAA) containing an intron that has shown to be highly variable in a nucleotide sequence and used for plant population genetics. Unfortunately these sequences were identical in all three liverwort species tested. The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of chloroplast, an intron containing $tRNA^{Gly}$ (anticodon UCC) genes, gave expected results: the intron nucleotide sequence was identical in the case of both P.borealis and P.epiphyllaspecies N, while the sequence obtained from P.epiphyllasperies S was different in several nucleotide positions. These results were confirmed by the nucleotide sequence of another chloroplast molecular marker the chloroplast, an intron-contaning $tRNA^{Lys}$ gene (anticodon UUU). We have also sequenced mitochondrial, an intron-containing $tRNA^{Ser}$ gene (anticodon GCU) in all three liverwort species. In this case we found that, as in the case of the chloroplast genome, P.borealis mitochondrial genome was inherited from P.epiphylla-species N. On the basis of our results we claim that both organelle genomes of P.borealis derived from P.epiphylla-species N.