• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.39-51
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• 1969

The study involved determination of resistance levels of spider mites ta argano-phosphates using topical application and slide dip techniques; laboratory serening tests of alternative acaricides using an O/P resistant strain and a field trial of the screened materials. 1. Strains of Tetranychus were from Timaru(TR), Havelock Narth (HNR), Lincaln (LN). Germany (GR, GN). Comparisons of the resistant strains and normal strains at the LD50 and LC50 levels were as follows : (a) Using the topical application tochnique; with Parathian. resistant levels of the GR. TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were respeativuly, 1035. 484 and 452 times as resistant' as the LN strain. (b) Using the slide dip technique; with Phosdrin, resistant of GR, TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were 635, 274 and 266 times greater respeativuly, than the GN strain. 2. The laboratory sereaning tests were carried out far their contact plus stomach and residual effect to assess the toxicities of eleven alternative materials which would be used far control of O/P resistant strain of T. urticae. The acaricide groups represented were 3 organo-chlorines (Spidex, Kelthane and C 8514), 2 nitrophenyls (UC 19786 and Morocide), 2 cyclic carbonates(Eradex and Morestan). I carbamate (UC2004 7A), 1 mixture of carbamate and orano-chlorine and 2 other chemicals (C 8677 and M2527). From all acaricide tested. Kelthane and Morocide were the most effective, folowed by Spidex and M2527. Morestan, C8514. C8677 and RS 143 were intermediate, but Eradex, UC 19786 and UC 20046A were poor. 3, The number of sapmles required for estimation of the population in the field evaluation of acaricidal effects was one giving the highest practical precision. It was decided, after preliminary sampling trials. to use samples of 30 leaves per replicate which gave a $5.7\%$ standard error. 4. In the field trials, Morocide applied at the $0.05\%\;and\; 0.04\%$ a. i. conc. to black currant trees gave excellent control of O/P resistant population of T. urticae for about 12 days, but Morocide 0.025 and Kel thane $0.02\%$ a. i. cone. gave efficient control for about 6 days. In other words. first applications of Kel thane ane Moroeide gave very high degrees of control of O/P resistant population of the two-spotted spider mite. However, the results indicate that secondary application would sometimes be necessary. There was no foliage damage of black Currants and strawberries by either acaricides at the concentrations used. Acknowledgment ... The authors are grateful to: Dr. R. P. pottinger, Senior Lecturer in Agricultural Zoology. Lincoln college. New Zealand. for his helpful assistance in aiding with the organization of thd field work. Department of agriculture officers for mite colonies. Mr. D. A. Slade, Technical Advisor. Fruitgrowers' Federation (now at Massey University) for his assistance and provision of mites for testing. Mr T. McRae of Timaru for permission to use his crops for field tests. The following chemical companies and I or their New Zealand agents for so readily supplying samples of acarides; Ivan Watkins-Dow Limited. Fruitgrowers Chemical Company Limited. Henry H. York & company (New Zealand). Shell Oil (New Zealand) Limited.

• Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.675-685
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of house dust mite (HDM)-sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in elderly patients with AR. Methods: A total of 45 patients aged ${\geq}60years$ with HDM-induced AR who had ${\geq}3$ A/H ratio on skin prick test and/or ${\geq}0.35IU/L$ to both Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by ImmunoCAP were enrolled in 4 university hospitals. To evaluate additional effects of HDM-SLIT, they were randomized to the SLIT-treated group (n = 30) or control group (n = 15). Rhinoconjunctivitis total symptom score (RTSS), rhinoscopy score, Korean rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire, rhinitis control assessment test, asthma control test scores, and adverse reactions, were assessed at the first visit (V1) and after 1 year of treatment (V5); for immunological evaluation, serum levels of HDM-specific immunoglobulin A/IgE/IgG1/IgG4 antibodies and basophil response to HDMs were compared between V1 and V5 in both groups. Results: There were no significant differences in demographics, RTSS, skin reactivity to HDMs, or serum total/specific IgE levels to HDMs (P > 0.05, respectively) between the 2 groups. Nasal symptom score and RTSS decreased significantly at year 1 in the 2 groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in percent decrease in nasal symptom score and RTSS at year 1 between the 2 groups (P > 0.05); however, rhinoscopic nasal symptom score decreased significantly in the SLIT-treated group (P < 0.05). Immunological studies showed that serum specific IgA levels (not specific IgE/IgG) and CD203c expression on basophils decreased significantly at V5 in the SLIT-treated group (P = 0.011 and P = 0.001, respectively), not in the control group. The control group required more medications compared to the treatment group, but there were no differences in adverse reactions. Conclusions: It is suggested that HDM-SLIT for 1 year could induce symptom improvement and may induce immunomodulation in elderly rhinitis patients.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.448-453
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• 2013

We investigated the occurrence of major pests, 4 species of moths (Grapholita dimorpha Busck, Carposina sasakii Matsumura, Archips breviplicanus Walsingham, Adoxophyes orana Fischer von Roslerstamm), apple aphid (Aphis spiraecola Patch), two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) and parasitoids in pear orchard with hairy vetch and cutting weeds in Yesan, Chungnam province during the flowering season and summer depression season of hairy vetch, in 2012 and 2013. The occurrence of 4 species of moths in hairy vetch plot and cutting weeds (major is finger grass, Digitaria sanguinalis, 80%) were little different but in case of apple aphid, the density in hairy vetch plot was just 95 aphids per stem at 20th June but low after then. The density of two spotted spider mite on pear leaf in hairy vetch plot was lower than in cutting weeds plot significantly. The number of parasitoids collected in hairy vetch plot during flowering season (May and June) were 398 and 798 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The number of parasitoids collected in hairy vetch plot during summer depression season (July and August) were 114 and 172, respectively. But in cutting weeds plot, 9 and 22 in May and June, 8 and 5 in July and August. We didn't know either hairy vetch in pear orchard affected the occurrence of 4 species of moths, apple aphid and two spotted spider mite or not but was acted to be favorable for wasps, the natural enemies on the contrary. The improvement of chemical control systems through the selection of low chemicals to natural enemies with cover and green manure plants would turn effective pest management into a possibility.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2008

The comparative toxicity of recommended rates of three acaricides, fluacrypyrim, cyflumetofen and spiromesifen to the predatory mite, Neoseiulus womersleyi and its prey, Tetranychus urticae was bioassayed in the laboratory. Fluacrypyrim and cyflumetofen were much less toxic to adult females of N. womersleyi than to those of T. urticae. Adult female predators treated with these two acaricides produced $88{\sim}93%$ as many eggs as did control females. Fluacrypyrim and cyflumetofen did not affect the hatch of N. womersleyi eggs or the development of surviving immature predators, and $92{\sim}96%$ of immature predators reached adulthood. Spiromesifen at its treated concentration did not significantly affect the survival and reproduction of adult female predators but caused 100% mortality in larvae of N. womersleyi. Adult female predators survived on a diet of spider mites treated with fluacrypyrim and cyflumetofen, and their fecundity was not significantly affected. Moreover, immature predators developed normally on prey treated with these two acaricides. The results indicate that fluacrypyrim and cyflumetofen are promising candidates for use in integrated mite management programs where N womersleyi is the major natural enemy.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.317-322
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• 2011

A comparative experiment was conducted to investigate the persistence of chlorfenapyr residue and its biological activity to two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, after treatment of chlorfenapyr suspension concentrate (10% SC) on paprika plants at recommended (2000 times dilution) and double dosage. Biological half-lives of chlorpfenapyr were estimated as 8 and 5 days in leaves and fruits of paprika plants, respectively. While initial deposits of chlorfenapyr residues in leaves at recommended and double dosages were 22.22 and 37.75 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ at the time of application, its residue decreased to 1.56 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ and 3.62 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ at 29 days after treatment, respectively. Residual biological activity of chlorfenapyr SC to T. urticae at recommended dosage lasted for 7 or 15 days on the basis of 24 or 48-hrs mortality test assayed with feeding on excised leaf chlorfenapyr-treated. The control efficacy to the mite showed a good agreement with the persistence of chlorfenapyr residues in leaves.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2009

KNI3126 which is the eco-friendly material made by plant extracts - neem and matrine - have been evaluated for efficacies against 6 main pests and toxicity on natural enemies. Insecticidal efficacies of KNI3126 against plant hopper were above 95% at 5 days after treatment (DAT), whereas pesticidal effects against the cotton aphid were above 95% at 3 DAT and slightly decreased at 5 DAT. Insecticidal efficacy against the palm thrips resulted in lower control value as 68.1% than that of chemical insecticides. KNI3126 showed more than 95% control value against diamond back moth, suggesting that it could suppress the population of pest hard to control as eco-friendly material. Mortalities against two-spotted spider mite were about 80% at 1 DAT and over 90% at 5 DAT, respectively. For evaluation of the toxicity on natural enemies, effect against predatory natural enemy was classified as moderate selective toxicity based on the criterion of International Organization of Bio-Control (IOBC), whereas against parasitic natural enemies was found to be relatively safe. Repellent effect was weak against plant hopper, but strong against two-spotted spider mite. In the toxicity test for safety, KNI3126 was classified as the lowest level at acute oral, acute dermal and fish toxicity test and did not induce the irritancy at skin irritation test and eye irritation test.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2019

For greenhouse crops, thrips is one of the major insect pests, but its control is difficult owing to short generation time, rapid escaping behavior, and development of pesticide resistance. Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) is a soil-dwelling predatory mite attacking various soil invertebrate species, including thrips. Using the method by growers' self-production, we mass-reared S. scimitus colony and investigated thrips control in the greenhouse chrysanthemum. The initial density of thrips was six individuals/flower. The treatment with one S. scimitus box in the greenhouse was estimated to be $1,000individuals/m^2$. From August to September 2018, the greenhouse was released with a total of 10 boxes of S. scimitus. The density of thrips in the untreated and the treated cultivar was $53.7{\pm}7.0$ and $13.5{\pm}1.7$ on the late September, respectively, which indicated a reduction of 74.9% in the treated cultivar. Our results suggest that S. scimitus was highly effective for the control of thrips in the greenhouse chrysanthemum although temperature is very high during the summer season.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 2007

Objective : We wished to examine closely effect that Kami-KangHwalSan medicines used to atopy dermatitis disease patient get in atopy eruption control experimentally. Materials and Methods : Atopic dermatitis (AD) usually develops in patients with an individual or family history of allergic diseases, and is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation seen specially in childhood, association with IgE hyperproduction and precipitation by environmental factors. However, the exact etiology of AD has been unclear. To further explore the pathogenesis and treatment of AD, a suitable animal model is required. We found that skin lesions, which were chnically and histologically very simlar to human AD, mite antigen-induced dermatitis on the face, neck, ears and dorsal skin of inbred NC/Nga mice. Results and Conclusion : Kami-KangHwalSan medicines controlled CD3+/CD69+, CD4+/CD25+, B220+/IgE+, and B220+/CD23+ revelation that an experiment that motive allergy immune reponse because an in vitro experiment stimulates splenocytes of a NC/Nga mouse same t1me by PWM, and interleukin-4, eotaxin 2, CCR3, TARC mRNA outturn that bear in splenocytes decreased remarkably by Kami-KangHwalSan medicines. Th1 cell and Th2 cell observe to be shifted by secretion amount of IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ by Kami-KangHwalSan medicines could know that Kami-KangHwalSan medicines can use usefully in allergy autoimmnune diease.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2007

Objective : We wished to examine closely effect that Kami-JeSeubUilYeongTang medicines used to atopy dermatitis disease patient get in atopy eruption control experimentally. Materials and Methods : Atopic dermatitis (AD) usually develops in patients with an individual or family history of allergic diseases, and is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation seen specially in childhood, association with IgE hyperproduction and precipitation by environmental factors. However, the exact etiology of AD has been unclear. To further explore the pathogenesis and treatment of AD, a suitable animal model is required. We found that skin lesions, which were clinically and histologically very similar to human AD, mite antigen-induced dermatitis on the face, neck, ears and dorsal skin of inbred NC/Nga mice. Result and Conclusion : Kami-jeseupwiryeongtang(JWRTK) medicines controlled CD3+/CD69+, CD4+/CD25+, B220+/IgE+, and B220+/CD23+ revelation that an experiment that motive allergy immune reponse because an in vitro experiment stimulates splenocytes of a NC/Nga mouse same time by PWM, and interleukin-4, eotaxin 2, CCR3, TARC mRNA outturn that bear in splenocytes decreased remarkably by Jeseupwiryeongtang-Kamibang(JWRTK) medicines. Th1 cell and Th2 cell observe to be shifted by secretion amount of IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ by Jeseupwiryeongtang-Kamibang(JWRTK) medicines could know that Jeseupwiryeongtang-Kamibang(JWRTK) medicines can use usefully in allergy autoimmnune diease.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.749-752
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• 2006

The house dust mites are well known to the most important causative allergens of major allergic diseases like pediatric asthma, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis. This study was done for assessment of naphthalene effect against breeding suppression of the house dust mites. Twenty live adult house dust mites(Dermatophaogoides pteronyssinus) were each inoculated on mixed culture media containing 0 mg (control), 1mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg naphthalene and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ with a relative humidity of 75%. After 4 weeks mean number of live house dust mites were 191.5, 24.3, 1.3, 1.3, 0, and 0, respectively. Above results showing that the naphthalene can suppress of breeding the house dust mites in vitro.