• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.07a
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• pp.27-28
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 한국 사회에 특유의 폭력성과 선정성으로 인해 큰 충격을 주고 있는 인터넷 커뮤니티 사이트 '일간 베스트' 글에 나타난 욕설과 여성 혐오에 대해 분석하고자 한다. 데이터는 일베 게시판에 올라온 게시글 2,000개를 웹 크롤링하여 수집하였으며, 수집한 게시글에 게임 내 금칙어 리스트와 여성 지칭어 사전을 기반으로 욕설 여부와 여성 지칭어를 태깅하였다. 태깅하여 분석한 결과 여성 지칭어를 사용한 게시글에는 욕설을 사용하는 글이 전체의 60.52%로 많았으며 욕설을 사용하지 않은 게시글에도 범행, 살해, 김치녀 등의 부정적인 단어가 많은 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.506-519
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• 2017

This research examines the impact of Korean boy group's misogyny issue leading to internal conflicts among female fans and external division. As a result of research, BTS's fans who are mostly female reflected their identities by problem posed by external stakeholders on this issue. In the past, most fandoms tried to protect themselves from criticism but this case shows a positive significance since they broke out from stereotypical cases. Under the vague and flexible standard, fandom can be considered the obstructing factor for Feminism which suppress and denounce Feminists' idea. It is important to pay attention to possibilities of females hide at the end of the conflict process, being unaccepted by the society for their opinions and tendencies, have uncomfortable emotion against Feminism itself, or Feminism leading to another type of aversion.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1481-1488
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• 2018

As female gamers are rapidly increasing, the misogyny and the misandry in game playing situation are also increasing. Recent #Gamergate and GodGunbae incident exhibit that such discriminative/hate behaviour in game playing can be developed into real physical threat or crime. In this paper, we investigate and analyze young Korean game players on how the attackers group, victims group, and gender-issue-indifferent group behave differently in game playing through survey. We found that male gamers had high hostile sexism against female gamers especially on females' game attitude and streotyped hatred with respect to the gender ${\times}$ group interaction. In big-5 personality test, however, it is not clear if attackers and victims had a noticeable different personality patterns. In result, we verify that there exist gender stereotype and high hostile sexism among young Korean gamers. Active gender-equality education on their adolescent period is necessary to avoid such destructive hatred in game playing.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.283-301
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• 2020

In Korean society, words related to misogyny are being created and spread out in the Internet communities and the Internet news posts comments. This study was conducted to investigate if exposure to misogynistic words affects misogynistic attitudes toward women. Study 1 examined the relationship between exposure of misogynistic words (the number of misogynistic words known and the level of Internet comments viewed) and explicit misogynistic attitudes. As a result, the greater the exposure of misogynistic words, the less explicit misogynistic attitudes were found among men. The result can be explained as a desensitization of stimuli caused by repetitive exposure to media. In Study 2, experiments were conducted to manipulate the exposure of misogynistic words and to identify the relationship between implicit misogynistic attitudes through implicit association tests. Results of analysis show that implicit misogyny attitude is stronger as male participants are exposed to misogynistic words. The finding of this study suggests that explicit and implicit attitudes toward misogyny can diverge. It also implies that the exposure to misogynistic words can affect men's and women's attitudes in a different manner.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.525-549
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• 2020

As the attitudes toward women is ambivalent (both hostile and ambivalent), people have a tendency to have ambivalent attitudes toward men. Despite conflicts between men and women caused by misogyny and misogyny have recently worsened in a Korean society, most of previous Korean studies have focused on the attitudes toward women. In addition, there has been no scale to measure such ambivalent attitudes toward men in Korea. Therefore, this study was designed to translate and validate the Ambivalence toward Men Inventory, a scale developed and currently utilized in the United State. Sample 1 (183 college students), sample 2 (300 college students), and sample 3 (317 adults) were used. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in 16 items and 2 factors. The tests of convergent and concurrent validity revealed strong evidence for the validity of the Korean version of the Ambivalence toward Men Inventory and the reliabilities of the two factors were .830~.917.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.123
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• pp.137-185
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• 2018

This article aims to deconstruct the mechanism of male domination that constantly reproduces the hegemonic class of men. In order to overcome misogyny, we should no longer deny the ontological dimension of the reality of women's oppressions and the pre-eminence of the material condition of women's existence. In addition, the possibility of the category of women as a modality of resistance should be taken into consideration. First, I will highlight the correlation between penis and phallus according to which the phallus refers to the penis which is malleable and fragile and which disappears without being castrated by the external factor. From here we could deduce the fragility and imperfection, the non-absoluteness of the phallic order. Secondly, I will analyze the mechanism of penis-narcissism, which is the modality of the constitution of the individual identity of man. The penis is not only a physiological organ, but a site of self-estimation and the validity of the succession of power and authority of the father's law. With this penis-narcissism, man is constituted as a hegemonic body that can let itself go without worrying about the reactions of others. Thirdly, I will focus on the mechanism of the penis-cartel which is the modality of the formation of the collective identity. The penis-cartel is reinforced by the mutual affirmation of the superiority of men among themselves, but also by the permission and the tacit agreement of their absurdity and lack of rationality and corruption. Because the privilege of men is not monopolized by a small part of the elite, but is consciously and unconsciously shared by all men who are part of the hegemonic and collective category. In order to deconstruct the penis-narcissism and the penis-cartel, it is necessary to demonstrate that the penis is not a self-sufficient body, nor a closed and impermeable body, but that it is a porous body where the organ serves both ejaculation and urinary ejection. The penis is a porous body that is at once the site of sublimity and degradation, purity and impurity. In addition, the penis is no longer an all-powerful and aggressive organ, but it is a malleable and fluid flesh that constantly changes its shape. Linked to a phallus-organ that is the notion of Jacques-Alain Miller, it is a site of deficiency and vulnerability that is not the axis of the penis-cartel. It is through the notion of the double porosity of the penis and the phenomenology of the flesh of the penis, I try to provide the modality of undoing the reproductive mechanism of predatory masculinity. Because this would be an effective strategy to overcome misogyny.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.501-513
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• 2020

Femvertising campaigns are more easily observed in oversea rather than in Korea. Most recently, not only global companies but local consumer goods companies launched several femvertising campaigns. However, no research was done on effects of femvertising in Korea. Thus, this study will explore Korean college students' understanding of, attitude toward, and effects of femvertising through focus group interviews. Study results found that college students have low level of understanding on the concept of femvertising. However, they are somewhat familiar with contents of femvertising. Femvertising is believed to have positive impacts on gender equality and female empowerment whereas there are growing concerns over commercializing feminism. Study participants, regardless of gender, suggest that femvertising could influence consumers' attitude toward advertising and brand, but they are skeptical of purchase intention. Lastly, female participants suggest that femvertising, compared to traditional advertising, will enhance attitude toward ads and brand, and even have a positive impact on feminism. However, male participants suggest that femvertising may exacerbate the gender conflict between males and females which is called as 'misandry' or 'misogyny'.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.80
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• pp.115-142
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• 2016

This study aims to reveal the content of and logic behind a recent negative public sentiment toward female idols with the example of a debate over songstress IU's fourth album that was released late last year. While previous studies on fandom have focused on the identification process towards entertainers and making community, a recent phenomenon of "anti-fandom" or "malicious comments" implies that more research is needed on negative emotions such as hostility or schadenfreude (feelings of pleasure from others' misfortunes). Schadenfreude is a social sentiment that originated in modern liberalism, which features contradictions between public equality and private ownership, and that has been intensified in neoliberalism, which features a maximization of this contradiction centering on a meritocracy. Celebrities in Korea often become the targets of schadenfreude, which is associated with the suspicion that they gain popularity not from their abilities but from "just being popular." It should also be noted that this kind of schadenfreude operates differently between male and female entertainers. Specifically, the acquisition of money and fame by modern women whose presence used to be located in the private possessions of males is considered to be due to their unjustified use of sexuality. This is also the background of the recent online misogyny culture in Korea. In this context, IU, who had been successful at building a differentiated image of "sister-like idol artist," became a valid target. Although accusing IU of utilizing pedophilia reflects a stalemate that a current politics of sexual violence faces, it rather damages the name of an individual than attracts public attention to the structural causes of childsexualabuse. This is why I see the way that pedophilia was used in the debate over IU as a schadenfreude. Consequently, the term pedophilia here contributes to an expansion of the entertainment economy that is sustained by rises and falls of the celebrities' stock prices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.375-384
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• 2021

This study explored the change in keywords and topics in newspaper articles related to schizophrenia after the Gangnam murder case. The study examined newspaper articles related to schizophrenia for five years before and after the Gangnam murder case. A semantic network analysis was conducted using the NetMiner 4.4.1 program. 610 articles between 2013 and 2018 were retrieved from 8 national newsletters. The most frequent core keyword was 'treatment' before the murder case, but 'incidents' after the case. Four topics were identified: 'becoming chronic if missing the time of treatment due to prejudice', 'being curable with early treatment', 'living an ordinary life with medication', 'being indicted as a murderer while impaired by a mental disorder' before the murder case. After the case, four topics were identified: 'committing murder for delusions, not misogyny', 'medication non-adherence leads to more impulsive behavior', 'claiming leniency for criminals due to the mental impairment', 'killing the police who were mobilized to stop stabbing rampage'. These findings suggest that newspaper articles should provide accurate information about schizophrenia to reduce prejudice and stigma toward patients with schizophrenia and other forms of mental illness.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.59-98
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine how the politics of 'femicide(femicidio)' or 'feminicide(feminicidio) is embodied in Latin America. To this end, I tried to grasp the political nature of these terms through the debate over the terms of 'femicide' vs 'feminicidio' and the process of establishing concepts. In Latin America, the 'Declaration on Femicide' in 2008 emphasized the responsibility of the state, and as demands for countermeasures against feminism increased, each country enacted the femicide law. However, due to the lack of mechanisms to implement the law, investigations, or punishments for the perpetrators have not been properly conducted. And femicide is becoming more serious. Recently, #NiUnaMenos, the 8M International Women's Day strike, and performances started in Chile are spreading out of Latin America, gaining sympathy around the world. Also, these actions are emerging as one of the new political movements that demand a democracy with gender equality, adding different agendas according to the situation of each region, including femicide, with strong cohesion.