• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2022

This paper presents the analysis of increasing the resolution of True-Time-Delay (TTD) by 0.5-bit for phased-array antenna system which is one of the Multiple-Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) technologies. For the analysis, a 5.5-bit True-Time Delay (TTD) integrated circuit is designed and analyzed in terms of beam steering performance. In order to increase the number of effective bits, the designed 5.5-bit TTD uses Single Pole Triple Throw (SP3T) and Double Pole Triple Throw (DP3T) switches, and this method can minimize the circuit area by inserting the minimum time delay of 0.5-bit. Furthermore, the circuit mostly maintains the performance of the circuit with the fully added bits. The idea of adding 0.5-bit is verified by analyzing the relation between the number of bits and array elements. The 5.5-bit TTD is designed using 0.18 ㎛ RF CMOS process and the estimated size of the designed circuit excluding the pad is 0.57×1.53 mm². In contrast to the conventional phase shifter which has distortion of scanning angle known as beam squint phenomenon, the proposed TTD circuit has constant time delays for all states across a wide frequency range of 4 - 20 GHz with minimized power consumption. The minimum time delay is designed to have 1.1 ps and 2.2 ps for the 0.5-bit option and the normal 1-bit option, respectively. A simulation for beam patterns where the 10 phased-array antenna is assumed at 10 GHz confirms that the 0.5-bit concept suppresses the pointing error and the relative power error by up to 1.5 degrees and 80 mW, respectively, compared to the conventional 5-bit TTD circuit.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2001

This study developed signal optimization algorithm by analyzing vehicle arrival patterns. The major principle of signal optimization is dissipate all queueing vehicle in 1cycle and assign delay time uniformly for all approaches. For this, this study used optimal green time and surplus green time. Optimal green time calculated by estimated traffic volume from vehicle arrival model. Surplus green time defined as the gap of optimal green time and queue dissipated time. And alternative cycle has minimum surplus green time was selected as the optimal cycle. Finally, total delay and average delay per vehicle can be calculated by using queueing theory.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.96-104
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 임펄스 잡음이 부가되는 환경 하에서 시지연 추정 및 시지연과 주파수 지연 목합 추정을 위한 새로운 강건 알고리즘들을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 ${\alpha}-stable$ 분포 이론을 바탕으로 하여 음의 분수 차수 모멘트(FNOM: fractional negative order moment)와 최소 산란(MD : minimum dispersion) 법을 이용한 강건 시지연 추정법들과 이를 응용한 시지연과 주파수 지연의 복합 추정법인 음의 분수 차수 모호함수법과 복합 최소 산란 법으로 구성되었다. 제안한 방법들을 평가하기 위하여 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 통해서 실제 응용 능력을 기존의 여러 방법들과 비교. 검토하였다. 실험 결과 2차 모멘트 이론을 바탕으로 한 관례적인 방법들은 가우시안 잡음 환경 (${\alpha}$=2인 $S{\alpha}S$ 잡음) 하에서만 시지연 추정이 가능하였고, 최근 제안된 Nikias[7]의 강건 시지연 추정법 들도 대부분이 제한된 임펄스 잡음 ($1<{\alpha}{\le}2$인 $S{\alpha}S$ 잡음)에 대해서만 그 성능이 입증된 반면, 본 연구에서 제안한 방법들은 가우시안 잡음 및 심한 임펄스 잡음 ($0<{\alpha}{\le}2$인 $S{\alpha}S$ 잡음) 하에서도 강건하게 시지연 추정이 가능함을 입증하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.1179-1185
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• 2010

This paper deals with a robust controller design problem for a small one-link robot arm system subject to input time delay and load variations. The uncertain parameters of the system are considered as a disturbance input. A disturbance observer(DOB) has been designed to alleviate disturbance effects and to compensate performance degradation owing to the time-delay. This paper employs a new DOB structure for non-minimum phase systems together with the Smith predictor. We propose a new controller for reducing the both effects of disturbance and time-delay. In order to test the performance of proposed controller, four different other control laws are compared with the proposed one by computer simulations. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 B
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• pp.727-730
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• 2003

Electric pulp test is a method to examine the vitality of dental pulp using the electrical stimulation. During the pulp test, the current stimulates intradental nerve, and makes patients painful. Some studies were accomplished to measure the responses of subjects by stimulating over the sensory threshold. In this study, we examined the time delay between pain feeling and stimulation stop in clinical situation. And we measured the activated responses(EMG in anterior belly of digastric muscle, voice, and finger span). As a result, it was verified that the minimum and maximum delay was EMG and voice, respectively. By reducing the excessive stimulus time, the unnecessary pain can be minimized using EMG that has the minimum delay.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1542-1550
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• 2013

This paper presents new results on delay-dependent global exponential stability for uncertain linear systems with interval time-varying delay. Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach, some novel delay-dependent stability criteria are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) involving the minimum and maximum delay bounds. By using delay-partitioning method and the lower bound lemma, less conservative results are obtained with fewer decision variables than the existing ones. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2000

The real-time multicast problem is to construct a multicast tree starting from a source node and including multiple destination nodes and that has minimum network cost with delay constraints. It is known that to find a tree of the minimum network cost is the Steiner Tree problem which is NP-complete. In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm to solve the multicast tree with minimum network cost and the delay constraints. The computational results obtained by comparing an existing algorithm. Kompella algorithm, and the proposed algorithm show that our algorithm tends to find lower network cost on the average than Kompella algorithm does.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 1999년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.415-419
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• 1999

Many bipolar logic circuit of conventional occurred problem of speed delay according to deep saturation state of vertical NPN Transistor. In order to remove minority carries of the base region at changing signal in conventional bipolar logic circuit, we made transistor which is composed of NPN transistor shortened buried layer under the Base region, PNP transistor which is merged in base, epi layer and substrate. Also the Ring-Oscillator for measuring transmission time-delay per gate was designed as well. The structure of Gate consists of the vertical NPN Transistor, substrate and Merged PNP Transistor. In the result, we fount that tarriers which are coming into intrinsic Base from Emitter and the portion of edge are relatively a lot, so those make Base currents a lot and Gain is low with a few of collector currents because of cutting the buried layer of collector of conventional junction area. Merged PNP Transistor's currents are low because Base width is wide and the difference of Emitter's density and Base's density is small. we get amplitude of logic voltage of 200mv, the minimum of transmission delay-time of 211nS, and the minimum of transmission delay-time per gate of 7.26nS in AC characteristic output of Ring-Oscillator connected Gate.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제30권6_2호
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• pp.673-680
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• 2012

Long-term GPS data analysis was performed in order to analyze the seasonal variation of tropospheric delay and the success rate of the ambiguity resolution. For this analysis, a total of 57 stations including 10 IGS stations in East Asia were processed together with double-differenced observables using Bernese GPS Software V5.0. The time span for this study ranges from 2002.0 to 2012.5 (10.5 years). The average baseline length is 339.0 km and the maximum reaches up to 2,000 km. The analysis is focused on two things: the annual variation of the tropospheric delay and the ambiguity resolution rate. The tropospheric delay is closely related to the weather condition, especially relative humidity, therefore it was estimated that the maximum would be in summer, while reaching its minimum in winter with the apparent seasonal variations. On the contrary, however, the success rate of the ambiguity resolution shows the opposite pattern: its maximum was in winter and minimum in summer. The fact seems to be induced by the surrounding conditions; that is, the trees thick with leaves near the GPS antenna interfere with GPS signals in summer. This seems to confirm partly that there is a distinct trend in the decreasing success rate since 2006 because the trees are growing every year. It is necessary to eliminate the factors that degrade the GPS quality and the tropospheric modeling for Korea needs to be studied further.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권3B호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 Minimum Possible Packet Fair Queueing (MPSFQ)로 명명되는 효율적이면서 구현의 관점에서 용이한 패킷 스케줄링 알고리즘을 제안한다. MPSFQ 알고리즘은 O(1) 의 가상 시간 계산의 복잡도를 가지며 WFQ (Weighted Fair Queueing)알고리즘과 동일한 지연 특성 및 우수한 fairness 특성을 가지고 있다. MPSFQ의 중요한 특징은 시스템 가상 시간은 패킷의 종료 시간에 현재 전송될 패킷이 있는 세션의 최 선두에 있는 패킷들의 가능한 가상 시간의 값 중 최소의 값으로 시스템 가상 시간의 재조정이 이루어지며 시스템 가상 시간의 재조정 시간의 중간에 도착한 패킷의 시스템 가상 시간은 이전 시스템 가상 시간에 두 시간 사이의 실시간을 더함으로써 계산된다. 제안하는 알고리즘이 위와 같은 간단한 알고리즘을 이용하면서도 우수한 지연 특성 및 fairness 특성을 가짐을 수학적인 분석을 통해 증명하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 그 결과를 확인한다.